This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Organs and content of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of marine mammals are relevant for a variety of investigations and provide data to researchers from different fields. Currently used protocols applied to the GIT for specific analysis limit the possibility to execute other investigations and important information could be lost. To ensure a proper sample collection and a multidisciplinary investigation of the GIT of marine mammals, a new multi-sieves tool and a specific protocol have been developed. This new device and approach allowed the simultaneous sampling of the GIT and its content for the main investigations concerned. The samples collected during these preliminary trials were suitable to perform all the different research procedures considered in this work. The obtained results show that with a few and easy procedural adjustments, a multidisciplinary sampling and evaluation of the GIT of marine mammals is possible. This will reduce the risk of losing important data aimed at understanding the cause of death of the animal, but also biology and ecology of marine mammals, and other important data for their conservation and habitats management.
Giorgia Corazzola; Matteo Baini; Carla Grattarola; Cristina Panti; Federica Marcer; Fulvio Garibaldi; Enrica Berio; Cecilia Mancusi; Matteo Galli; Sandro Mazzariol; Maria Fossi; Cinzia Centelleghe; Cristina Casalone. Analysis of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of Marine Mammals: A Multidisciplinary Approach with a New Multi-Sieves Tool. Animals 2021, 11, 1824 .
AMA StyleGiorgia Corazzola, Matteo Baini, Carla Grattarola, Cristina Panti, Federica Marcer, Fulvio Garibaldi, Enrica Berio, Cecilia Mancusi, Matteo Galli, Sandro Mazzariol, Maria Fossi, Cinzia Centelleghe, Cristina Casalone. Analysis of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of Marine Mammals: A Multidisciplinary Approach with a New Multi-Sieves Tool. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1824.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgia Corazzola; Matteo Baini; Carla Grattarola; Cristina Panti; Federica Marcer; Fulvio Garibaldi; Enrica Berio; Cecilia Mancusi; Matteo Galli; Sandro Mazzariol; Maria Fossi; Cinzia Centelleghe; Cristina Casalone. 2021. "Analysis of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of Marine Mammals: A Multidisciplinary Approach with a New Multi-Sieves Tool." Animals 11, no. 6: 1824.
Zoonotically transmitted coronaviruses were responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the dramatic Coronavirus Disease-2019 (CoViD-19) pandemic, which affected public health, the economy, and society on a global scale. The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic permeated into our environment and wildlife as well; in particular, concern has been raised about the viral occurrence and persistence in aquatic and marine ecosystems. The discharge of untreated wastewaters carrying infectious SARS-CoV-2 into natural water systems that are home to sea mammals may have dramatic consequences on vulnerable species. The efficient transmission of coronaviruses raises questions regarding the contributions of virus-receptor interactions. The main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2), serving as a functional receptor for the viral spike (S) protein. This study aimed, through the comparative analysis of the ACE-2 receptor with the human one, at assessing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 for different species of marine mammals living in Italian waters. We also determined, by means of immunohistochemistry, ACE-2 receptor localization in the lung tissue from different cetacean species, in order to provide a preliminary characterization of ACE-2 expression in the marine mammal respiratory tracts. Furthermore, to evaluate if and how Italian wastewater management and coastal exposition to extreme weather events may led to susceptible marine mammal populations being exposed to SARS-CoV-2, geomapping data were carried out and overlapped. The results showed the potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure for marine mammals inhabiting Italian coastal waters, putting them at risk when swimming and feeding in specific risk areas. Thus, we highlighted the potential hazard of the reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with its impact on marine mammals regularly inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea, while also stressing the need for appropriate action in order to prevent further damage to specific vulnerable populations.
Tania Audino; Carla Grattarola; Cinzia Centelleghe; Simone Peletto; Federica Giorda; Caterina Florio; Maria Caramelli; Elena Bozzetta; Sandro Mazzariol; Giovanni Di Guardo; Giancarlo Lauriano; Cristina Casalone. SARS-CoV-2, a Threat to Marine Mammals? A Study from Italian Seawaters. Animals 2021, 11, 1663 .
AMA StyleTania Audino, Carla Grattarola, Cinzia Centelleghe, Simone Peletto, Federica Giorda, Caterina Florio, Maria Caramelli, Elena Bozzetta, Sandro Mazzariol, Giovanni Di Guardo, Giancarlo Lauriano, Cristina Casalone. SARS-CoV-2, a Threat to Marine Mammals? A Study from Italian Seawaters. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1663.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTania Audino; Carla Grattarola; Cinzia Centelleghe; Simone Peletto; Federica Giorda; Caterina Florio; Maria Caramelli; Elena Bozzetta; Sandro Mazzariol; Giovanni Di Guardo; Giancarlo Lauriano; Cristina Casalone. 2021. "SARS-CoV-2, a Threat to Marine Mammals? A Study from Italian Seawaters." Animals 11, no. 6: 1663.
A Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) pup from the southern Adriatic coast of Italy showed cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and disseminated Toxoplasma gondii co-infection, which probably resulted from CeMV-induced immunosuppression. These findings are of concern for the conservation of this critically endangered species.
Antonio Petrella; Sandro Mazzariol; Iolanda Padalino; Gabriella Di Francesco; Cristina Casalone; Carla Grattarola; Giovanni Di Guardo; Camilla Smoglica; Cinzia Centelleghe; Claudia Gili. Cetacean Morbillivirus and Toxoplasma gondii Co-infection in Mediterranean Monk Seal Pup, Italy. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2021, 27, 1237 -1239.
AMA StyleAntonio Petrella, Sandro Mazzariol, Iolanda Padalino, Gabriella Di Francesco, Cristina Casalone, Carla Grattarola, Giovanni Di Guardo, Camilla Smoglica, Cinzia Centelleghe, Claudia Gili. Cetacean Morbillivirus and Toxoplasma gondii Co-infection in Mediterranean Monk Seal Pup, Italy. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2021; 27 (4):1237-1239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Petrella; Sandro Mazzariol; Iolanda Padalino; Gabriella Di Francesco; Cristina Casalone; Carla Grattarola; Giovanni Di Guardo; Camilla Smoglica; Cinzia Centelleghe; Claudia Gili. 2021. "Cetacean Morbillivirus and Toxoplasma gondii Co-infection in Mediterranean Monk Seal Pup, Italy." Emerging Infectious Diseases 27, no. 4: 1237-1239.
The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is the rarest species of pinniped in the world. Necropsy of a Mediterranean monk seal pup that stranded alive on the southern Adriatic Italian coast and died a few hours later revealed co-infection by cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and Toxoplasma gondii. Pathological lesions included a multifocal, moderate to severe, necrotizing myocarditis and a diffuse, chronic, moderate interstitial pneumonia with bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia. Lesions of atypical necrotizing arteritis were seen in the aorta and major pulmonary arteries in association with the presence T. gondii organisms. Severe haemorrhagic foci and lesions of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, together with the presence of protozoal cysts, were seen in the brain. Co-infection of CeMV and T. gondii has not been previously reported in monk seals. The vascular lesions found in this animal can be considered atypical because they have not been reported in other terrestrial or marine mammal species. The disseminated toxoplasmosis associated with the unusual vascular and haemorrhagic brain lesions could be related to the immunosuppressive effects of CeMV infection.
Sandro Mazzariol; Cinzia Centelleghe; Antonio Petrella; Federica Marcer; Matteo Beverelli; Cristina E. Di Francesco; Gabriella Di Francesco; Ludovica Di Renzo; Giovanni Di Guardo; Tania Audino; Letizia Tripodi; Cristina Casalone. Atypical Toxoplasmosis in a Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) Pup. Journal of Comparative Pathology 2021, 184, 65 -71.
AMA StyleSandro Mazzariol, Cinzia Centelleghe, Antonio Petrella, Federica Marcer, Matteo Beverelli, Cristina E. Di Francesco, Gabriella Di Francesco, Ludovica Di Renzo, Giovanni Di Guardo, Tania Audino, Letizia Tripodi, Cristina Casalone. Atypical Toxoplasmosis in a Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) Pup. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 2021; 184 ():65-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandro Mazzariol; Cinzia Centelleghe; Antonio Petrella; Federica Marcer; Matteo Beverelli; Cristina E. Di Francesco; Gabriella Di Francesco; Ludovica Di Renzo; Giovanni Di Guardo; Tania Audino; Letizia Tripodi; Cristina Casalone. 2021. "Atypical Toxoplasmosis in a Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) Pup." Journal of Comparative Pathology 184, no. : 65-71.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are worldwide distributed RNA-viruses affecting several species, including humans, and causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Historically, they have not been considered a severe threat to public health until two outbreaks of COVs-related atypical human pneumonia derived from animal hosts appeared in 2002 and in 2012. The concern related to CoVs infection dramatically rose after the COVID-19 global outbreak, for which a spill-over from wild animals is also most likely. In light of this CoV zoonotic risk, and their ability to adapt to new species and dramatically spread, it appears pivotal to understand the pathophysiology and mechanisms of tissue injury of known CoVs within the “One-Health” concept. This review specifically describes all CoVs diseases in animals, schematically representing the tissue damage and summarizing the major lesions in an attempt to compare and put them in relation, also with human infections. Some information on pathogenesis and genetic diversity is also included. Investigating the lesions and distribution of CoVs can be crucial to understand and monitor the evolution of these viruses as well as of other pathogens and to further deepen the pathogenesis and transmission of this disease to help public health preventive measures and therapies.
Valentina Zappulli; Silvia Ferro; Federico Bonsembiante; Ginevra Brocca; Alessandro Calore; Laura Cavicchioli; Cinzia Centelleghe; Giorgia Corazzola; Steffen De Vreese; Maria Elena Gelain; Sandro Mazzariol; Valentina Moccia; Nicolò Rensi; Alessandro Sammarco; Filippo Torrigiani; Ranieri Verin; Massimo Castagnaro. Pathology of Coronavirus Infections: A Review of Lesions in Animals in the One-Health Perspective. Animals 2020, 10, 2377 .
AMA StyleValentina Zappulli, Silvia Ferro, Federico Bonsembiante, Ginevra Brocca, Alessandro Calore, Laura Cavicchioli, Cinzia Centelleghe, Giorgia Corazzola, Steffen De Vreese, Maria Elena Gelain, Sandro Mazzariol, Valentina Moccia, Nicolò Rensi, Alessandro Sammarco, Filippo Torrigiani, Ranieri Verin, Massimo Castagnaro. Pathology of Coronavirus Infections: A Review of Lesions in Animals in the One-Health Perspective. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2377.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Zappulli; Silvia Ferro; Federico Bonsembiante; Ginevra Brocca; Alessandro Calore; Laura Cavicchioli; Cinzia Centelleghe; Giorgia Corazzola; Steffen De Vreese; Maria Elena Gelain; Sandro Mazzariol; Valentina Moccia; Nicolò Rensi; Alessandro Sammarco; Filippo Torrigiani; Ranieri Verin; Massimo Castagnaro. 2020. "Pathology of Coronavirus Infections: A Review of Lesions in Animals in the One-Health Perspective." Animals 10, no. 12: 2377.
Cetacean stranding events are an important source of information and biological samples, providing data on species occurrence, distribution and population dynamics as well as on mortality rate induced by human activities or natural causes. This is even truer for species such as Z. cavirostris, whose elusive behavior has made its field observation difficult in many Mediterranean areas. Although the occurrence of single or serial strandings of this species and the rise in survey effort have increased the knowledge on its presence, there are still gaps in some Mediterranean areas, especially in the Gulf of Taranto (North-western Ionian Sea, Italy), where a critical habitat suitable for different cetacean species has been identified. Despite no sightings of Z. cavirostris having been recorded so far, ACCOBAMS designates the Gulf of Taranto as an Area of Special Concern for Beaked Whales (ASC-BW) on the basis of atypical mass strandings of 12 individuals which occurred in the Ionian Sea in 2011. Moreover, the conservation status of the Z. cavirostris has recently passed from Data Deficient to Vulnerable, according the IUCN criteria adopted for the Mediterranean Sea, thus showing the urgent need for basic information on its bio-ecological features, suitable habitat and threats at local or wider scale. This study is the first attempt at application in the Mediterranean Sea of a Lagrangian prediction model simulating the carcass drift trajectories to investigate the at-site sea origin of an individual of Z. cavirostris stranded in the Gulf of Taranto. Moreover, a necropsy was carried out to detect the possible cause of death and the results of bacteriological, biomolecular and toxicological analysis are provided. Finally, a collection of osteological data as well as the process of turning and displaying the skeleton in a museum are detailed, highlighting the importance of these exhibits from a scientific and educational point of view.
Roberto Carlucci; Giulia Cipriano; Francesca Cornelia Santacesaria; Pasquale Ricci; Rosalia Maglietta; Antonio Petrella; Sandro Mazzariol; Diana De Padova; Michele Mossa; Stefano Bellomo; Carmelo Fanizza. Exploring data from an individual stranding of a Cuvier's beaked whale in the Gulf of Taranto (Northern Ionian Sea, Central-eastern Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2020, 533, 151473 .
AMA StyleRoberto Carlucci, Giulia Cipriano, Francesca Cornelia Santacesaria, Pasquale Ricci, Rosalia Maglietta, Antonio Petrella, Sandro Mazzariol, Diana De Padova, Michele Mossa, Stefano Bellomo, Carmelo Fanizza. Exploring data from an individual stranding of a Cuvier's beaked whale in the Gulf of Taranto (Northern Ionian Sea, Central-eastern Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2020; 533 ():151473.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Carlucci; Giulia Cipriano; Francesca Cornelia Santacesaria; Pasquale Ricci; Rosalia Maglietta; Antonio Petrella; Sandro Mazzariol; Diana De Padova; Michele Mossa; Stefano Bellomo; Carmelo Fanizza. 2020. "Exploring data from an individual stranding of a Cuvier's beaked whale in the Gulf of Taranto (Northern Ionian Sea, Central-eastern Mediterranean Sea)." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 533, no. : 151473.
Recent studies describe the use of UAVs in collecting blow samples from large whales to analyze the microbial and viral community in exhaled air. Unfortunately, attempts to collect blow from small cetaceans have not been successful due to their swimming and diving behavior. In order to overcome these limitations, in this study we investigated the application of a specific sampling tool attached to a UAV to analyze the blow from small cetaceans and their respiratory microbiome. Preliminary trials to set up the sampling tool were conducted on a group of 6 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under human care, housed at Acquario di Genova, with approximately 1 meter distance between the blowing animal and the tool to obtain suitable samples. The same sampling kit, suspended via a 2 meter rope assembled on a waterproof UAV, flying 3 meters above the animals, was used to sample the blows of 5 wild bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Ambracia (Greece) and a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy), to investigate whether this experimental assembly also works for large whale sampling. In order to distinguish between blow-associated microbes and seawater microbes, we pooled 5 seawater samples from the same area where blow samples’ collection were carried out. The the respiratory microbiota was assessed by using the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene via Illumina Amplicon Sequencing. The pooled water samples contained more bacterial taxa than the blow samples of both wild animals and the sequenced dolphin maintained under human care. The composition of the bacterial community differed between the water samples and between the blow samples of wild cetaceans and that under human care, but these differences may have been mediated by different microbial communities between seawater and aquarium water. The sperm whale’s respiratory microbiome was more similar to the results obtained from wild bottlenose dolphins. Although the number of samples used in this study was limited and sampling and analyses were impaired by several limitations, the results are rather encouraging, as shown by the evident microbial differences between seawater and blow samples, confirmed also by the meta-analysis carried out comparing our results with those obtained in previous studies. Collecting exhaled air from small cetaceans using drones is a challenging process, both logistically and technically. The success in obtaining samples from small cetacean blow in this study in comparison to previous studies is likely due to the distance the sampling kit is suspended from the drone, which reduced the likelihood that the turbulence of the drone propeller interfered with successfully sampling blow, suggested as a factor leading to poor success in previous studies.
Cinzia Centelleghe; Lisa Carraro; Joan Gonzalvo; Massimiliano Rosso; Erika Esposti; Claudia Gili; Marco Bonato; Davide Pedrotti; Barbara Cardazzo; Michele Povinelli; Sandro Mazzariol. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to sample the blow microbiome of small cetaceans. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0235537 .
AMA StyleCinzia Centelleghe, Lisa Carraro, Joan Gonzalvo, Massimiliano Rosso, Erika Esposti, Claudia Gili, Marco Bonato, Davide Pedrotti, Barbara Cardazzo, Michele Povinelli, Sandro Mazzariol. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to sample the blow microbiome of small cetaceans. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (7):e0235537.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCinzia Centelleghe; Lisa Carraro; Joan Gonzalvo; Massimiliano Rosso; Erika Esposti; Claudia Gili; Marco Bonato; Davide Pedrotti; Barbara Cardazzo; Michele Povinelli; Sandro Mazzariol. 2020. "The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to sample the blow microbiome of small cetaceans." PLOS ONE 15, no. 7: e0235537.
The function of the external ear canal in cetaceans is still under debate and its morphology is largely unknown. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses using antibodies specific for nervous tissue (anti-S100, anti-NSE, anti-NF, and anti-PGP 9.5), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and various histological techniques, were carried out to investigate the peripheral nervous system of the ear canals of several species of toothed whales and terrestrial Cetartiodactyla. This study highlights the innervation of the ear canal with the presence of lamellar corpuscles over its entire course, and their absence in all studied terrestrial mammals. Each corpuscle consisted of a central axon, surrounded by lamellae of Schwann receptor cells, surrounded by a thin cellular layer, as shown by IHC and TEM. These findings indicate that the corpuscles are mechanoreceptors that resemble the inner core of Pacinian corpuscles without capsule or outer core, and were labelled as simple lamellar corpuscles. They form part of a sensory system that may represent a unique phylogenetic feature of cetaceans, and an evolutionary adaptation to life in the marine environment. Although the exact function of the ear canal is not fully clear, we provide essential knowledge and a preliminary hypothetical deviation on its function as a unique sensory organ.
Steffen De Vreese; Michel André; Bruno Cozzi; Cinzia Centelleghe; Mike Van Der Schaar; Sandro Mazzariol. Morphological Evidence for the Sensitivity of the Ear Canal of Odontocetes as shown by Immunohistochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 4191 -17.
AMA StyleSteffen De Vreese, Michel André, Bruno Cozzi, Cinzia Centelleghe, Mike Van Der Schaar, Sandro Mazzariol. Morphological Evidence for the Sensitivity of the Ear Canal of Odontocetes as shown by Immunohistochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):4191-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteffen De Vreese; Michel André; Bruno Cozzi; Cinzia Centelleghe; Mike Van Der Schaar; Sandro Mazzariol. 2020. "Morphological Evidence for the Sensitivity of the Ear Canal of Odontocetes as shown by Immunohistochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 4191-17.
Editorial: Comparative Immunology of Marine Mammals
Giovanni Di Guardo; Michael Frederick Criscitiello; Eva Sierra; Sandro Mazzariol. Editorial: Comparative Immunology of Marine Mammals. Frontiers in Immunology 2019, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Di Guardo, Michael Frederick Criscitiello, Eva Sierra, Sandro Mazzariol. Editorial: Comparative Immunology of Marine Mammals. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019; 10 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Di Guardo; Michael Frederick Criscitiello; Eva Sierra; Sandro Mazzariol. 2019. "Editorial: Comparative Immunology of Marine Mammals." Frontiers in Immunology 10, no. : 1.
Oleander (Nerium oleander) is an ornamental plant common in tropical and sub-tropical regions that is becoming increasingly widespread, even in temperate regions. Oleander poisoning may occur in animals and humans. The main active components contained in the plant are cardiac glycosides belonging to the class of cardenolides that are toxic to many species, from human to insects. This work describes a case of oleander poisoning that occurred on a small cattle farm and resulted in the fatality of all six resident animals. Furthermore, the investigation of the poisonous agent is described, with particular focus on the characterization of the oleandrin toxin that was recovered from the forage and rumen contents. The innovation of this study is the first description of the detection and quantification of the oleandrin toxin by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in rumen.
Silva Rubini; Sabina Strano Rossi; Serena Mestria; Sara Odoardi; Sara Chendi; Andrea Poli; Giuseppe Merialdi; Giuseppina Andreoli; Paolo Frisoni; Rosa Maria Gaudio; Anna Baldisserotto; Piergiacomo Buso; Stefano Manfredini; Guido Govoni; Stefania Barbieri; Cinzia Centelleghe; Giorgia Corazzola; Sandro Mazzariol; Carlo Alessandro Locatelli; Poli; Buso. A Probable Fatal Case of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning on a Cattle Farm: A New Method of Detection and Quantification of the Oleandrin Toxin in Rumen. Toxins 2019, 11, 442 .
AMA StyleSilva Rubini, Sabina Strano Rossi, Serena Mestria, Sara Odoardi, Sara Chendi, Andrea Poli, Giuseppe Merialdi, Giuseppina Andreoli, Paolo Frisoni, Rosa Maria Gaudio, Anna Baldisserotto, Piergiacomo Buso, Stefano Manfredini, Guido Govoni, Stefania Barbieri, Cinzia Centelleghe, Giorgia Corazzola, Sandro Mazzariol, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Poli, Buso. A Probable Fatal Case of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning on a Cattle Farm: A New Method of Detection and Quantification of the Oleandrin Toxin in Rumen. Toxins. 2019; 11 (8):442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva Rubini; Sabina Strano Rossi; Serena Mestria; Sara Odoardi; Sara Chendi; Andrea Poli; Giuseppe Merialdi; Giuseppina Andreoli; Paolo Frisoni; Rosa Maria Gaudio; Anna Baldisserotto; Piergiacomo Buso; Stefano Manfredini; Guido Govoni; Stefania Barbieri; Cinzia Centelleghe; Giorgia Corazzola; Sandro Mazzariol; Carlo Alessandro Locatelli; Poli; Buso. 2019. "A Probable Fatal Case of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning on a Cattle Farm: A New Method of Detection and Quantification of the Oleandrin Toxin in Rumen." Toxins 11, no. 8: 442.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related protein A (MICA) in fibroblast cell cultures of cetaceans (skin biopsies of free-ranging specimens and skin samples of freshly stranded cetaceans) by an immunofluorescence technique and to outline possible variations in MICA expression linked to different ecological and biological factors, while also investigating MICA expression after in vitro treatments with different contaminants. Free-ranging or stranded specimens of cetaceans were sampled in the Sea of Cortez (Mexico) (Balaenoptera edeni, Delphinus capensis, and Orcinus orca) and in the Mediterranean Sea (Balaenoptera physalus, Physeter macrocephalus, Tursiops truncatus, and Stenella coeruleoalba). Cell cultures were treated with an OC mixture, flame retardants, PAHs, MeHg, and BPA. The three species from the Sea of Cortez showed higher basal activity of MICA and lower levels of DDTs and PCBs than the Mediterranean species. A Pearson's linear coefficient equal to −0.45 also confirmed this tendency to have high levels of MICA and low total OC levels. Treatment of cultured fibroblasts with different contaminants mostly resulted in the upregulation of MICA protein expression by at least one treatment dose; downregulation was also found in some species or treatments. MICA alteration indicates a state of stress of the organism and a modification of the immune system's response and can be proposed as a non-invasive immunological marker that can be measured in skin biopsy samples, thus offering a good alternative to blood measurements.
Letizia Marsili; Giovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol; Silvia Casini. Insights Into Cetacean Immunology: Do Ecological and Biological Factors Make the Difference? Frontiers in Immunology 2019, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleLetizia Marsili, Giovanni Di Guardo, Sandro Mazzariol, Silvia Casini. Insights Into Cetacean Immunology: Do Ecological and Biological Factors Make the Difference? Frontiers in Immunology. 2019; 10 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLetizia Marsili; Giovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol; Silvia Casini. 2019. "Insights Into Cetacean Immunology: Do Ecological and Biological Factors Make the Difference?" Frontiers in Immunology 10, no. : 1.
Abdullah N, Kelly JT, Graham SC, Birch J, Gonçalves-Carneiro D, Mitchell T, Thompson RN, Lythgoe KA, Logan N, Hosie MJ, Bavro VN, Willett BJ, Heaton MP, Bailey D (2018) Structure-guided identification of a nonhuman morbillivirus with zoonotic potential. J Virol 92:e01248-18 Centelleghe C, Beffagna G, Palmisano G, Franzo G, Casalone C, Pautasso A, Giorda F, Di Nocera F, Iaccarino D, Santoro M, Di Guardo G, Mazzariol S (2017) Dolphin morbillivirus in a Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris), Italy. Front Microbiol 8:111 de Vries RD, Duprex WP, de Swart RL (2015) Morbillivirus infections: an introduction. Viruses 7:699–706 Duignan PJ, Van Bressem MF, Baker JD, Barbieri M, Colegrove KM, De Guise S, de Swart RL, Di Guardo G, Dobson A, Duprex WP, Early G, Fauquier D, Goldstein T, Goodman SJ, Grenfell B, Groch KR, Gulland F, Hall A, Jensen BA, Lamy K, Matassa K, Mazzariol S, Morris SE, Nielsen O, Rotstein D, Rowles TK, Saliki JT, Siebert U, Waltzek T, Wellehan JF (2014) Phocine distemper virus: current knowledge and future directions. Viruses 6:5093–5134 Groch KR, Colosio AC, Marcondes MC, Zucca D, Díaz-Delgado J, Niemeyer C, Marigo J, Brandão PE, Fernández A, Luiz Catão-Dias J (2014) Novel cetacean morbillivirus in Guiana dolphin, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 20:511–513 Groch KR, Santos-Neto EB, Díaz-Delgado J, Ikeda JMP, Carvalho RR, Oliveira RB, Guari EB, Bisi TL, Azevedo AF, Lailson-Brito J, Catão-Dias JL (2018) Guiana dolphin unusual mortality event and link to Cetacean morbillivirus, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 24:1349–1354 Hayman DT (2016) Bats as viral reservoirs. Ann Rev Virol 3:77–99 Ishengoma E, Agaba M (2017) Evolution of toll-like receptors in the context of terrestrial ungulates and cetaceans diversification. BMC Evol Biol 17:54 Jo WK, Osterhaus AD, Ludlow M (2018a) Transmission of morbilliviruses within and among marine mammal species. Curr Opin Virol 28:133–141 Jo KW, Kruppa J, Habierski A, van de Bildt M, Mazzariol S, Di Guardo G, Siebert U, Kuiken T, Jung K, Osterhaus A, Ludlow M (2018b) Evolutionary evidence for multi-host transmission of Cetacean morbillivirus. Emerg Microbes Infect 7:201 Loots AK, Mitchell E, Dalton DL, Kotzé A, Venter EH (2017) Advances in canine distemper virus pathogenesis research: a wildlife perspective. J Gen Virol 98:311–321 Mazzariol S, Peletto S, Mondin A, Centelleghe C, Di Guardo G, Di Francesco CE, Casalone C, Acutis PL (2013) Dolphin morbillivirus infection in a captive harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). J Clin Microbiol 51:708–711 Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Beffagna G, Povinelli M, Terracciano G, Cocumelli C, Pintore A, Denurra D, Casalone C, Pautasso A, Di Francesco CE, Di Guardo G (2016) Mediterranean fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) threatened by Dolphin morbillivirus. Emerg Infect Dis 22:302–305 Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Di Provvido A, Di Renzo L, Cardeti G, Cersini A, Fichi G, Petrella A, Di Francesco CE, Mignone W, Casalone C, Di Guardo G (2017) Dolphin morbillivirus associated with a mass stranding of sperm whales, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 23:144–146 Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Cozzi B, Povinelli M, Marcer F, Ferri N, Di Francesco G, Badagliacca P, Profeta F, Olivieri V, Guccione S, Cocumelli C, Terracciano G, Troiano P, Beverelli M, Garibaldi F, Podestà M, Marsili L, Fossi MC, Mattiucci S, Cipriani P, De Nurra D, Zaccaroni A, Rubini S, Berto D, de Quiros YB, Fernandez A, Morell M, Giorda F, Pautasso A, Modesto P, Casalone C, Di Guardo G (2018) Multidisciplinary studies on a sick-leader syndrome-associated mass stranding of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) along the Adriatic coast of Italy. Sci Rep 8:11577 Ohishi K, Ando A, Suzuki R, Takishita K, Kawato M, Katsumata E, Ohtsu D, Okutsu K, Tokutake K, Miyahara H, Nakamura H, Murayama T, Maruyama T (2010) Host-virus specificity of morbilliviruses predicted by structural modeling of the marine mammal SLAM, a receptor. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 33:227–241 Ohishi K, Suzuki R, Maeda T, Tsuda M, Abe E, Yoshida T, Endo Y, Okamura M, Nagamine T, Yamamoto H, Ueda M, Maruyama T (2014) Recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus and variation in its receptor, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule, in carnivores. J Wildl Dis 50:596–606 Padalino I, Di Guardo G, Carbone A, Troiano P, Parisi A, Galante D, Cafiero MA, Caruso M, Palazzo L, Guarino L, De Riso L, Centelleghe C, Mazzariol S, Petrella A (2019) Dolphin morbillivirus in Eurasian otters, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 25:372–374 Qiu W, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Fan Q, Liu H, Zhang F, Wang W, Liao G, Hu R (2011) Canine distemper outbreak in rhesus monkeys, China. Emerg Infect Dis 17:1541–1543 Sakai K, Nagata N, Ami Y, Seki F, Suzaki Y, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Suzuki T, Fukushi S, Mizutani T, Yoshikawa T, Otsuki N, Kurane I, Komase K, Yamaguchi R, Hasegawa H, Saijo M, Takeda M, Morikawa S (2013a) Lethal canine distemper virus outbreak in cynomolgus monkeys in Japan in 2008. J Virol 87:1105–1114 Sakai K, Yoshikawa T, Seki F, Fukushi S, Tahara M, Nagata N, Ami Y, Mizutani T, Kurane I, Yamaguchi R, Hasegawa H, Saijo M, Komase K, Morikawa S, Takeda M (2013b) Canine distemper virus associated with a lethal outbreak in monkeys can readily adapt to use human receptors. J Virol 87:7170–7175 Shen T, Xu S, Wang X, Yu W, Zhou K, Yang G (2012) Adaptive evolution and functional constraint at TLR4 during the secondary aquatic adaptation and diversification of cetaceans. BMC Evol Biol 12:39 Stephens N, Duignan PJ, Wang J, Bingham J, Finn H, Bejder L, Patterson AP, Holyoake C (2014) Cetacean morbillivirus in coastal Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, Western Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 20:666–670 Thewissen JGM, Cooper LN, George JC, Bajpai S (2009) From land to water: the origin of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Evol Educ Outreach 2:272–288 Tounkara K, Nwankpa N (2017)...
Giovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol. Cetacean morbillivirus: A Land-to-Sea Journey and Back? Virologica Sinica 2019, 34, 240 -242.
AMA StyleGiovanni Di Guardo, Sandro Mazzariol. Cetacean morbillivirus: A Land-to-Sea Journey and Back? Virologica Sinica. 2019; 34 (3):240-242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol. 2019. "Cetacean morbillivirus: A Land-to-Sea Journey and Back?" Virologica Sinica 34, no. 3: 240-242.
Immunology of marine mammals is a relatively understudied field and its monitoring plays an important role in the individual and group management of these animals, along with an increasing value as an environmental health indicator. This study was aimed at implementing the knowledge on the immune response in cetaceans stranded along the Italian coastline to provide a baseline useful for assessing the immune status of bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) dolphins. In particular, since the Mediterranean Sea is considered a heavily polluted basin, a comparison with animals living in open waters such as the Atlantic Ocean was made. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen, thymus, and lymph node tissues from 16 animals stranded along Italian and 11 cetaceans from the Canary Island shores were sampled within 48 h from death. Information regarding stranding sites, gender, and age as well as virologic, microbiological, and parasitological investigations, and the cause and/or the death mechanism were also collected in order to carry out statistical analyses. Selected tissues were routinely stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and with immunohistochemical techniques (IHC). For IHC analysis, anti-human CD5 monoclonal mouse antibody to identify T lymphocytes, CD20 monoclonal mouse antibody for the identification of mature B lymphocytes and HLA-DR antigen (alpha-chain) monoclonal mouse antibody for the identification of the major histocompatibility complex type II were previously validated for both species by Western-blotting technique. T-test method applied to quantitative evaluation of IHC positive cells showed a significant relationship between the number of (expression) of CD20 stained lymphocytes and normal and hypoplastic lymph nodes, respectively. No other significant correlations were noticed. Analyses for organochlorines (OC) compounds were performed in animals (n°5) having frozen blubber tissue available. A simple linear regression was calculated to predict if the amount of OCs could influence the number of inflammatory cell subpopulations and a moderate negative correlation was found between the presence of high quantity of contaminants and the number of T lymphocytes. Future analysis should be aimed to understand the effect of the major immunomodulatory pathogens on sub-populations of B and T cells.
Cinzia Centelleghe; Laura Da Dalt; Letizia Marsili; Rossella Zanetti; Antonio Fernandez; Manuel Arbelo; Eva Sierra; Massimo Castagnaro; Giovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol. Insights Into Dolphins' Immunology: Immuno-Phenotypic Study on Mediterranean and Atlantic Stranded Cetaceans. Frontiers in Immunology 2019, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleCinzia Centelleghe, Laura Da Dalt, Letizia Marsili, Rossella Zanetti, Antonio Fernandez, Manuel Arbelo, Eva Sierra, Massimo Castagnaro, Giovanni Di Guardo, Sandro Mazzariol. Insights Into Dolphins' Immunology: Immuno-Phenotypic Study on Mediterranean and Atlantic Stranded Cetaceans. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019; 10 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCinzia Centelleghe; Laura Da Dalt; Letizia Marsili; Rossella Zanetti; Antonio Fernandez; Manuel Arbelo; Eva Sierra; Massimo Castagnaro; Giovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol. 2019. "Insights Into Dolphins' Immunology: Immuno-Phenotypic Study on Mediterranean and Atlantic Stranded Cetaceans." Frontiers in Immunology 10, no. : 1.
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a major natural cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans worldwide and results in epidemic and endemic fatalities. The pathogenesis of CeMV has not been fully elucidated, and questions remain regarding tissue tropism and the mechanisms of immunosuppression. We compared the histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical features in molecularly confirmed CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from the Southwestern Atlantic (Brazil) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Northeast-Central Atlantic (Canary Islands, Spain) and the Western Mediterranean Sea (Italy). Major emphasis was placed on the central nervous system (CNS), including neuroanatomical distribution of lesions, and the lymphoid system and lung were also examined. Eleven Guiana dolphins, 13 striped dolphins, and 3 bottlenose dolphins were selected by defined criteria. CeMV infections showed a remarkable neurotropism in striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins, while this was a rare feature in CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins. Neuroanatomical distribution of lesions in dolphins stranded in the Canary Islands revealed a consistent involvement of the cerebrum, thalamus, and cerebellum, followed by caudal brainstem and spinal cord. In most cases, Guiana dolphins had more severe lung lesions. The lymphoid system was involved in all three species, with consistent lymphoid depletion. Multinucleate giant cells/syncytia and characteristic viral inclusion bodies were variably observed in these organs. Overall, there was widespread lymphohistiocytic, epithelial, and neuronal/neuroglial viral antigen immunolabeling with some individual, host species, and CeMV strain differences. Preexisting and opportunistic infections were common, particularly endoparasitism, followed by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. These results contribute to understanding CeMV infections in susceptible cetacean hosts in relation to factors such as CeMV strains and geographic locations, thereby establishing the basis for future neuro- and immunopathological comparative investigations.
Josué Díaz-Delgado; Kátia R. Groch; Eva Sierra; Simona Sacchini; Daniele Zucca; Óscar Quesada-Canales; Manuel Arbelo; Antonio Fernandez; Elitieri Santos; Joana Ikeda; Rafael Carvalho; Alexandre F. Azevedo; Jose Lailson-Brito Jr; Leonardo Flach; Rodrigo Ressio; Cristina T. Kanamura; Marcelo Sansone; Cíntia Favero; Brian F. Porter; Cinzia Centelleghe; Sandro Mazzariol; Ludovica Di Renzo; Gabriella Di Francesco; Giovanni Di Guardo; José Luiz Catão-Dias. Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0213363 .
AMA StyleJosué Díaz-Delgado, Kátia R. Groch, Eva Sierra, Simona Sacchini, Daniele Zucca, Óscar Quesada-Canales, Manuel Arbelo, Antonio Fernandez, Elitieri Santos, Joana Ikeda, Rafael Carvalho, Alexandre F. Azevedo, Jose Lailson-Brito Jr, Leonardo Flach, Rodrigo Ressio, Cristina T. Kanamura, Marcelo Sansone, Cíntia Favero, Brian F. Porter, Cinzia Centelleghe, Sandro Mazzariol, Ludovica Di Renzo, Gabriella Di Francesco, Giovanni Di Guardo, José Luiz Catão-Dias. Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14 (3):e0213363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosué Díaz-Delgado; Kátia R. Groch; Eva Sierra; Simona Sacchini; Daniele Zucca; Óscar Quesada-Canales; Manuel Arbelo; Antonio Fernandez; Elitieri Santos; Joana Ikeda; Rafael Carvalho; Alexandre F. Azevedo; Jose Lailson-Brito Jr; Leonardo Flach; Rodrigo Ressio; Cristina T. Kanamura; Marcelo Sansone; Cíntia Favero; Brian F. Porter; Cinzia Centelleghe; Sandro Mazzariol; Ludovica Di Renzo; Gabriella Di Francesco; Giovanni Di Guardo; José Luiz Catão-Dias. 2019. "Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans." PLoS ONE 14, no. 3: e0213363.
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV; Paramyxoviridae) causes epizootic and interepizootic fatalities in odontocetes and mysticetes worldwide. Studies suggest there is different species-specific susceptibility to CeMV infection, with striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) ranking among the most susceptible cetacean hosts. The pathogenesis of CeMV infection is not fully resolved. Since no previous studies have evaluated the organ-specific immunopathogenetic features of CeMV infection in tissues from infected dolphins, this study was aimed at characterizing and comparing immunophenotypic profiles of local immune responses in lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen), lung and CNS in CeMV-molecularly (RT-PCR)-positive cetaceans from Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses targeted molecules of immunologic interest: caspase 3, CD3, CD20, CD57, CD68, FoxP3, MHCII, Iba1, IFNγ, IgG, IL4, IL10, lysozyme, TGFβ, and PAX5. We detected consistent CeMV-associated inflammatory response patterns. Within CNS, inflammation was dominated by CD3+ (T cells), and CD20+ and PAX5+ (B cells) lymphocytes, accompanied by fewer Iba1+, CD68+, and lysozyme+ histiocytes, mainly in striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins. Multicentric lymphoid depletion was characterized by reduced numbers of T cells and B cells, more pronounced in Guiana dolphins. Striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins often had hyperplastic (regenerative) phenomena involving the aforementioned cell populations, particularly chronically infected animals. In the lung, there was mild to moderate increase in T cells, B cells, and histiocytes. Additionally, there was a generalized increased expression of caspase 3 in lymphoid, lung, and CNS tissues. Apoptosis, therefore, is believed to play a major role in generalized lymphoid depletion and likely overt immunosuppression during CeMV infection. No differences were detected regarding cytokine immunoreactivity in lymph nodes, spleen, and lung from infected and non-infected dolphins by semiquantitative analysis; however, there was striking immunoreactivity for IFNγ in the CNS of infected dolphins. These novel results set the basis for tissue-specific immunophenotypic responses during CeMV infection in three highly susceptible delphinid species. They also suggest a complex interplay between viral and host's immune factors, thereby contributing to gain valuable insights into similarities, and differences of CeMV infection's immunopathogenesis in relation to body tissues, CeMV strains, and cetacean hosts.
Josué Díaz-Delgado; Kátia R. Groch; Rodrigo Ressio; Isis P. J. Riskallah; Eva Sierra; Simona Sacchini; Óscar Quesada-Canales; Manuel Arbelo; Antonio Fernandez; Elitieri Santos-Neto; Joana Ikeda; Rafael Ramos De Carvalho; Alexandre De Freitas Azevedo; Jose Brito; Leonardo Flach; Cristina T. Kanamura; Natália C. C. A. Fernandes; Bruno Cogliati; Cinzia Centelleghe; Sandro Mazzariol; Ludovica Di Renzo; Gabriella Di Francesco; Giovanni Di Guardo; José Luiz Catão-Dias. Comparative Immunopathology of Cetacean morbillivirus Infection in Free-Ranging Dolphins From Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic. Frontiers in Immunology 2019, 10, 485 .
AMA StyleJosué Díaz-Delgado, Kátia R. Groch, Rodrigo Ressio, Isis P. J. Riskallah, Eva Sierra, Simona Sacchini, Óscar Quesada-Canales, Manuel Arbelo, Antonio Fernandez, Elitieri Santos-Neto, Joana Ikeda, Rafael Ramos De Carvalho, Alexandre De Freitas Azevedo, Jose Brito, Leonardo Flach, Cristina T. Kanamura, Natália C. C. A. Fernandes, Bruno Cogliati, Cinzia Centelleghe, Sandro Mazzariol, Ludovica Di Renzo, Gabriella Di Francesco, Giovanni Di Guardo, José Luiz Catão-Dias. Comparative Immunopathology of Cetacean morbillivirus Infection in Free-Ranging Dolphins From Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019; 10 ():485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosué Díaz-Delgado; Kátia R. Groch; Rodrigo Ressio; Isis P. J. Riskallah; Eva Sierra; Simona Sacchini; Óscar Quesada-Canales; Manuel Arbelo; Antonio Fernandez; Elitieri Santos-Neto; Joana Ikeda; Rafael Ramos De Carvalho; Alexandre De Freitas Azevedo; Jose Brito; Leonardo Flach; Cristina T. Kanamura; Natália C. C. A. Fernandes; Bruno Cogliati; Cinzia Centelleghe; Sandro Mazzariol; Ludovica Di Renzo; Gabriella Di Francesco; Giovanni Di Guardo; José Luiz Catão-Dias. 2019. "Comparative Immunopathology of Cetacean morbillivirus Infection in Free-Ranging Dolphins From Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic." Frontiers in Immunology 10, no. : 485.
Mediterranean fin whales Balaenoptera physalus face many threats to their conservation, including both anthropogenic and natural issues. There are few records of the parasitic fauna of this species in this geographical area. To partially fill in this gap of knowledge, we investigated the presence and potential impact of parasitic diseases in Mediterranean fin whales. Seven animals stranded along Italian coastlines between 2006 and 2015 were submitted for necropsy and parasitological examination. The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii was detected in 1 fin whale and, for the first time in mysticetes, it was successfully genotyped as a type II strain with 15 microsatellite markers. One crustacean (Pennella spp.) and 4 helminth taxa (Crassicauda boopis, Ogmogaster antarcticus, Tetrabothrius ruudi and Bolbosoma sp.) were detected and morphologically identified. Different degrees of ectoparasitism by adult P. balaenoptera were recorded. Immature stages of Pennella sp. were also detected in 2 animals and are described here for the first time in cetaceans. Infestation by C. boopis was confirmed or suspected in 5 cases. Parasitic thrombi, involving renal veins and caudal vena cava, and fibrosis of renal parenchyma were associated with C. boopis and likely resulted in some degree of renal dysfunction. Larval nematodes were found within foci of mesenteric endarteritis. Further research to evaluate the prevalence of this potentially fatal endoparasitosis in Mediterranean fin whales is warranted.
F Marcer; E Marchiori; Cinzia Centelleghe; D Ajzenberg; A Gustinelli; V Meroni; Sandro Mazzariol. Parasitological and pathological findings in fin whales Balaenoptera physalus stranded along Italian coastlines. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2019, 133, 25 -37.
AMA StyleF Marcer, E Marchiori, Cinzia Centelleghe, D Ajzenberg, A Gustinelli, V Meroni, Sandro Mazzariol. Parasitological and pathological findings in fin whales Balaenoptera physalus stranded along Italian coastlines. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2019; 133 (1):25-37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF Marcer; E Marchiori; Cinzia Centelleghe; D Ajzenberg; A Gustinelli; V Meroni; Sandro Mazzariol. 2019. "Parasitological and pathological findings in fin whales Balaenoptera physalus stranded along Italian coastlines." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 133, no. 1: 25-37.
We report biomolecular evidence of dolphin morbillivirus in 4 wild Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) from southern Italy; 2 animals showed simultaneous immunohistochemical reactivity against morbilliviral antigen. These cases add further concern and support to the progressively expanding host range of dolphin morbillivirus in the western Mediterranean Sea.
I. Padalino Et Al.; Giovanni Di Guardo; Antonio Carbone; Pasquale Troiano; Antonio Parisi; Domenico Galante; Maria Assunta Cafiero; Marta Caruso; Lucia Palazzo; Laura Guarino; Laura De Riso; Cinzia Centelleghe; Sandro Mazzariol; Antonio Petrella. Dolphin Morbillivirus in Eurasian Otters, Italy. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2019, 25, 372 -374.
AMA StyleI. Padalino Et Al., Giovanni Di Guardo, Antonio Carbone, Pasquale Troiano, Antonio Parisi, Domenico Galante, Maria Assunta Cafiero, Marta Caruso, Lucia Palazzo, Laura Guarino, Laura De Riso, Cinzia Centelleghe, Sandro Mazzariol, Antonio Petrella. Dolphin Morbillivirus in Eurasian Otters, Italy. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019; 25 (2):372-374.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Padalino Et Al.; Giovanni Di Guardo; Antonio Carbone; Pasquale Troiano; Antonio Parisi; Domenico Galante; Maria Assunta Cafiero; Marta Caruso; Lucia Palazzo; Laura Guarino; Laura De Riso; Cinzia Centelleghe; Sandro Mazzariol; Antonio Petrella. 2019. "Dolphin Morbillivirus in Eurasian Otters, Italy." Emerging Infectious Diseases 25, no. 2: 372-374.
An unusual mortality event (UME) of striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba occurred in the period July to December 2016 along the Italian Ionian coastline. We conducted a complete postmortem examination on 28 specimens and detected dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), by means of biomolecular analyses, in the target tissues of 17 animals. Unlike previous outbreaks occurring in the Mediterranean Sea in 2011 and 2013, we observed typical pathological changes suggestive of morbilliviral infection in an acute/subacute phase and immunohistochemical reactivity. The same findings were observed in 13 other specimens beached along the Italian coastline during 2016 with no temporal and geographical relationship with the ongoing epidemic outbreak. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis showed that DMV sequences detected in Italy in 2016 clustered with those identified in Portugal and Galicia (Spain), representing a novel DMV strain of Atlantic origin which entered the Mediterranean Sea and affected a naïve striped dolphin population. DMV sequences detected in the previous Mediterranean outbreaks exhibited a marked genetic relatedness and diverged from those detected in cetaceans stranded along the Galician and Portuguese coasts since 2007.
A Pautasso; B Iulini; C Grattarola; F Giorda; M Goria; Simone Peletto; L Masoero; W Mignone; Katia Varello; A Petrella; Antonio Carbone; A Pintore; D Denurra; F Scholl; A Cersini; Roberto Puleio; G Purpari; G Lucifora; Giovanna Fusco; G Di Guardo; S Mazzariol; C Casalone. Novel dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) outbreak among Mediterranean striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba in Italian waters. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2019, 132, 215 -220.
AMA StyleA Pautasso, B Iulini, C Grattarola, F Giorda, M Goria, Simone Peletto, L Masoero, W Mignone, Katia Varello, A Petrella, Antonio Carbone, A Pintore, D Denurra, F Scholl, A Cersini, Roberto Puleio, G Purpari, G Lucifora, Giovanna Fusco, G Di Guardo, S Mazzariol, C Casalone. Novel dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) outbreak among Mediterranean striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba in Italian waters. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2019; 132 (3):215-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA Pautasso; B Iulini; C Grattarola; F Giorda; M Goria; Simone Peletto; L Masoero; W Mignone; Katia Varello; A Petrella; Antonio Carbone; A Pintore; D Denurra; F Scholl; A Cersini; Roberto Puleio; G Purpari; G Lucifora; Giovanna Fusco; G Di Guardo; S Mazzariol; C Casalone. 2019. "Novel dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) outbreak among Mediterranean striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba in Italian waters." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 132, no. 3: 215-220.
Cetacean Morbillivirus, the most relevant pathogen impacting the health and conservation of cetaceans worldwide, has shown in recent years an increased tendency to cross “interspecies barriers”, thereby giving rise to disease and mortality outbreaks in free-ranging dolphins and whales. The present article deals with the evolutionary “trajectories” of this viral pathogen, likely originating from Rinderpest Virus, along with its “journey” from land to sea (and viceversa), mimicking that of cetaceans' terrestrial ancestors.
Giovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol. Cetacean Morbillivirus, a Journey from Land to Sea and viceversa. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Di Guardo, Sandro Mazzariol. Cetacean Morbillivirus, a Journey from Land to Sea and viceversa. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol. 2019. "Cetacean Morbillivirus, a Journey from Land to Sea and viceversa." , no. : 1.
Cetacean Morbillivirus, the most relevant pathogen impacting the health and conservation of cetaceans worldwide, has shown in recent years an increased tendency to cross “interspecies barriers”, thereby giving rise to disease and mortality outbreaks in free-ranging dolphins and whales. This "Personal View" deals with the evolutionary “trajectories” of this viral pathogen, likely originating from Rinderpest Virus, along with its "journey" from land to sea (and viceversa), mimicking that of cetaceans' terrestrial ancestors.
Giovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol. Cetacean morbillivirus, a journey from land to sea and viceversa. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Di Guardo, Sandro Mazzariol. Cetacean morbillivirus, a journey from land to sea and viceversa. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Di Guardo; Sandro Mazzariol. 2019. "Cetacean morbillivirus, a journey from land to sea and viceversa." , no. : 1.