A COF-based multifunctional reusable face mask, which exhibits solar-powered self-sanitizing ability with excellent antibacterial and antiviral performance via a triple-modal synergistic treatment, is reported.

Probiotics can improve animal health by regulating intestinal flora balance, improving the structure of the intestinal mucosa, and enhancing intestinal barrier function. At present, the use of probiotics has been a research hotspot in prevention and treatment of different diseases at home and abroad. This review has summarized the researchers and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases, and elaborated the relevant mechanisms of probiotics, which aims to provide a reference for probiotics better applications to the prevention and treatment of swine diseases.

Background: Little information is known about viral distribution and transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in species other than swine. It is still a debated topic whether the PCV2 could be infected and caused clinical lesions. Our study is aimed to estimate the susceptibility of Kunming mouse to PCV2. Forty-eight, 6-week-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group A (C1-C12) was inoculated with PK-15 cell culture as a control group. Group B (sPCV1-12) was inoculated orally and intramuscularly with PCV2 (10^6.2TCID₅₀/ml). Group C (mPCV1-12) was inoculated orally and intramuscularly with PCV2 (10^6.2TCID₅₀/ml) and a booster inoculation at days 14 and 28 after the first inoculation. Group D (MixPCV1-12) was unvaccinated but released into Group C. Each group was sacrificed at 7, 14, 28, and 42 days post-inoculation, respectively. Necropsy was checked on every mouse. Sera samples were collected for the test of PCV2 specific antibody. Tissues were collected for histopathology study and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The results showed that viral replication, seroconversion, and microscopic lesions were found in inoculated mice. Continuous existence of PCV2 viruses in lymph nodes have been confirmed by PCR, which took at least seven days for the virus to be transferred into other organs from the primary interface, and the diffusion to thymus had been retarded for seven days. Special PCV2 antibody could be found in PCV2 inoculation mice and was significantly higher than that in the control. Further more, microscopic lesions and the main target of PCV2 focused in the lymph nodes with a characteristic depletion and occasional necrosis of lymphocytes in the cortex and paracortex were found in inoculated mice. Conclusions: The Kunming mouse could be infected by PCV2 virus and used as a PCV2 infected experimental model.

The health of humans and the growth of the agriculture industry are seriously threatened by the emerging zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis (S. suis). In the last decades, evolutionary studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of S. suis. Currently, S. suis is widespread across numerous countries, in which it displays diverse serotypes and complex population structures. The widespread use of antibiotics across the globe has resulted in significant multi-drug resistance among clinical isolates of S. suis, creating a serious challenge in treating infections and presenting a considerable risk to public health and safety. This article briefly describes the transmission routes and infection symptoms of S. suis between different species, particularly in pigs and humans. The epidemiological situation and differences of S. suis in humans and pigs are further analyzed from three aspects of serotype, MLST, and WGS. Finally, the latest research progress on drug resistance mechanism of S. suis was reviewed. A deep understanding of the epidemiological situation and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of S. suis is crucial for crucial for mitigating the emergence of superbugs and for innovating new molecules or combinations of antimicrobials.