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Dr. Fernando Ramos
Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra; REQUIMTE/LAQV. Portugal

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0 Food Security
0 One Health
0 Food analysis
0 drug residues

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Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
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The knowledge of the chemical composition of the Salicornia ramosissima halophyte is crucial to ascertain the value of this under-exploited resource. Hence, it is the purpose of this study to analyse the nutrient composition of S. ramosissima collected in the Mondego estuary, Portugal, in July and November of 2019. On a dry weight (dw) basis, S. ramosissima consisted of 47.4 % ash, 10.4 % crude fibre, 4.16 % protein and 0.450 % lipids. Given its importance, particular emphasis was placed on the mineral fraction, which was evaluated through a “green” method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction with water, followed by potentiometric and colorimetric determination using a chemical auto-analyser. The predominant minerals analysed and their respective content were sodium 159, magnesium 9.01, potassium 7.22 and calcium 2.99 mg/g dw. This clean methodology proved to be sound, achieving good results for recovery (80.5–108 %) and repeatability (% RSDr ≤ 4.81 %). Owing to its high fibre content and mineral richness, S. ramosissima showed remarkable potential as a functional ingredient.

ACS Style

Maria Lopes; Mário João Roque; Carlos Cavaleiro; Fernando Ramos. Nutrient value of Salicornia ramosissima—A green extraction process for mineral analysis. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2021, 104135 .

AMA Style

Maria Lopes, Mário João Roque, Carlos Cavaleiro, Fernando Ramos. Nutrient value of Salicornia ramosissima—A green extraction process for mineral analysis. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2021; ():104135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Lopes; Mário João Roque; Carlos Cavaleiro; Fernando Ramos. 2021. "Nutrient value of Salicornia ramosissima—A green extraction process for mineral analysis." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis , no. : 104135.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2021 in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
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Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that inhabit environments in which they are exposed to extreme stress, wherefore they exhibit conserved and divergent metabolic responses different from those of conventional plants. Thus, the synthesis and accumulation of metabolites, especially of those oxidative stress-related such as phenolic compounds, should be investigated. The potential of halophytes as a source of phenolics and their prospective industrial applications are evaluated based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the phenolic compounds of more than forty halophytes and their biological activities. Additionally, an overview of the analytical methodologies adopted for phenolics determination in halophytes is provided. Finally, the prospective uses and beneficial effects of the phenolic preparations from these plants are discussed. Halophytes are complex matrices, exhibiting a wide variety of phenolics in their composition, wherefore the results can be greatly affected depending on the organ plant under analysis and the extraction methodology, especially the extraction solvent used. High-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) or mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), are the most used technique. Halophytes biosynthesize phenolics in concentrations that justify the remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities shown, making them ideal sources of bioactive molecules to be employed in a multitude of sectors.

ACS Style

Maria Lopes; Ana Sanches-Silva; Maria Castilho; Carlos Cavaleiro; Fernando Ramos. Halophytes as source of bioactive phenolic compounds and their potential applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2021, 1 -24.

AMA Style

Maria Lopes, Ana Sanches-Silva, Maria Castilho, Carlos Cavaleiro, Fernando Ramos. Halophytes as source of bioactive phenolic compounds and their potential applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2021; ():1-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Lopes; Ana Sanches-Silva; Maria Castilho; Carlos Cavaleiro; Fernando Ramos. 2021. "Halophytes as source of bioactive phenolic compounds and their potential applications." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition , no. : 1-24.

Editorial
Published: 30 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Food systems are at the center of global environmental, social, and economic challenges such as resource scarcity, ecosystem degradation, and climate change

ACS Style

António Raposo; Fernando Ramos; Dele Raheem; Ariana Saraiva; Conrado Carrascosa. Food Safety, Security, Sustainability and Nutrition as Priority Objectives of the Food Sector. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8073 .

AMA Style

António Raposo, Fernando Ramos, Dele Raheem, Ariana Saraiva, Conrado Carrascosa. Food Safety, Security, Sustainability and Nutrition as Priority Objectives of the Food Sector. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):8073.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Raposo; Fernando Ramos; Dele Raheem; Ariana Saraiva; Conrado Carrascosa. 2021. "Food Safety, Security, Sustainability and Nutrition as Priority Objectives of the Food Sector." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8073.

Review
Published: 02 July 2021 in Biology
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(1) Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health concern worldwide and a key cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Accumulating evidence shows that several CVD forms are characterized by significant microcirculatory dysfunction, which may both cause and be caused by macrovascular disease, often preceding clinical manifestations by several years. Therefore, interest in exploring food supplements to prevent and restore microcirculation has grown. Given the continuous need to expand the available therapeutic arsenal for CVD, the food supplements market has recently grown and is expected to continue growing. (2) Methods: We provide an authoritative up-to-date comprehensive review of the impact of food supplementation on microcirculation by analyzing the European and American legal food supplements framework and the importance of food safety/food quality in this industry. We review the main literature about food bioactive compounds with a focus on microcirculation and some main food supplements with proven benefits. (3) Results: Despite a lack of scientific evidence, diet and microcirculatory function are clearly connected. The main food supplement examples in the literature with potential beneficial effects on microcirculation are: Ruscus aculeatus L., Centella asiatica L., Ginkgo biloba L., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Crataegus spp., Ginseng, Mangifera indica L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hamamelis virginiana L., and Vitis vinifera L. (4) Conclusions: Further clinical trials are necessary to better explore the effects of these food supplements.

ACS Style

António Raposo; Ariana Saraiva; Fernando Ramos; Conrado Carrascosa; Dele Raheem; Rita Bárbara; Henrique Silva. The Role of Food Supplementation in Microcirculation—A Comprehensive Review. Biology 2021, 10, 616 .

AMA Style

António Raposo, Ariana Saraiva, Fernando Ramos, Conrado Carrascosa, Dele Raheem, Rita Bárbara, Henrique Silva. The Role of Food Supplementation in Microcirculation—A Comprehensive Review. Biology. 2021; 10 (7):616.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Raposo; Ariana Saraiva; Fernando Ramos; Conrado Carrascosa; Dele Raheem; Rita Bárbara; Henrique Silva. 2021. "The Role of Food Supplementation in Microcirculation—A Comprehensive Review." Biology 10, no. 7: 616.

Review
Published: 28 June 2021 in Trends in Food Science & Technology
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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that colonize cereal crops and, consequently, contaminate them with these toxic compounds, either in the field or in post-harvest commodities. Maize (Zea mays L.), one of the most prominent crops worldwide, is a great example of infected cultivars with severe impacts mostly affecting farmer and livestock workers, with direct losses in crops, production profitability, animal health and product safety. This review aims at describing and evaluating published occurrence studies from 2005 to 2020, regarding the identification and quantification of regulated, masked, and emerging mycotoxins throughout the several stages of the complex food chain of maize. An overview of global occurrence surveys and small-scale studies in individual countries is performed, being the use of LC-MS/MS as the analytical approach for characterizing the mycotoxic profile a crucial selection factor. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are the most prevalent mycotoxins encountered at the primary level of the maize chain for both grain-maize and whole maize plants. Maize silage, a major component of dairy feed, is a main source of aflatoxin B1, and, also, of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Maize grains for feed or food, have the highest values of fumonisins, and, in certain worldwide regions, of aflatoxins. Emerging mycotoxins are highly present in the overall feed and food chain. Co-contamination patterns were very frequent in all studies, which presents itself as important data to re-evaluate the current legal maximum limits established.

ACS Style

Marta Leite; Andreia Freitas; Ana Sanches Silva; Jorge Barbosa; Fernando Ramos. Maize food chain and mycotoxins: A review on occurrence studies. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2021, 115, 307 -331.

AMA Style

Marta Leite, Andreia Freitas, Ana Sanches Silva, Jorge Barbosa, Fernando Ramos. Maize food chain and mycotoxins: A review on occurrence studies. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021; 115 ():307-331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Leite; Andreia Freitas; Ana Sanches Silva; Jorge Barbosa; Fernando Ramos. 2021. "Maize food chain and mycotoxins: A review on occurrence studies." Trends in Food Science & Technology 115, no. : 307-331.

Review
Published: 12 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Food texture is a major food quality parameter. The physicochemical properties of food changes when processed in households or industries, resulting in modified textures. A better understanding of these properties is important for the sensory and textural characteristics of foods that target consumers of all ages, from children to the elderly, especially when food product development is considered for dysphagia. Texture modifications in foods suitable for dysphagic patients will grow as the numbers of elderly citizens increase. Dysphagia management should ensure that texture-modified (TM) food is nutritious and easy to swallow. This review addresses how texture and rheology can be assessed in the food industry by placing particular emphasis on dysphagia. It also discusses how the structure of TM food depends not only on food ingredients, such as hydrocolloids, emulsifiers, and thickening and gelling agents, but also on the applied processing methods, including microencapsulation, microgels as delivery systems, and 3D printing. In addition, we address how to modify texture for individuals with dysphagia in all age groups, and highlight different strategies to develop appropriate food products for dysphagic patients.

ACS Style

Dele Raheem; Conrado Carrascosa; Fernando Ramos; Ariana Saraiva; António Raposo. Texture-Modified Food for Dysphagic Patients: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5125 .

AMA Style

Dele Raheem, Conrado Carrascosa, Fernando Ramos, Ariana Saraiva, António Raposo. Texture-Modified Food for Dysphagic Patients: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dele Raheem; Conrado Carrascosa; Fernando Ramos; Ariana Saraiva; António Raposo. 2021. "Texture-Modified Food for Dysphagic Patients: A Comprehensive Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5125.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Demographic aging of the population allied with the new family structures and societal dynamics is generating an increasing demand for institutions for older adults. Nutritional status is a key health determinant that impacts the quality of life among older adults. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and nutritional risk, functional capacity, and cognition in institutionalised Portuguese older adults by a cross-sectional study in 15 institutions. Nutritional status (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), nutritional risk (mini nutritional assessment (MNA)), degree of functional independence (Barthel index (BI)), and cognitive ability (mini mental state examination (MMSE)) were assessed. Of the 214 older adults evaluated, 28.0% were at risk of malnutrition, 69.6% were mildly functional dependent, and 39.3% presented minor cognitive impairment. The risk of malnutrition increased functional dependence and cognitive impairment. The MNA score, but not the BMI or WC, was related to disability and deficits in cognition. A differential interdependence was found between nutritional, cognitive, and functional status. Strategies to improve self-care and well-being in nursing homes should consider a correct diet and a closer evaluation of nutritional risk to preserve cognition, independence, and autonomy.

ACS Style

Catarina Caçador; Edite Teixeira-Lemos; Jorge Oliveira; João Pinheiro; Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo; Fernando Ramos. The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Functional Capacity: A Contribution Study in Institutionalised Portuguese Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3789 .

AMA Style

Catarina Caçador, Edite Teixeira-Lemos, Jorge Oliveira, João Pinheiro, Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo, Fernando Ramos. The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Functional Capacity: A Contribution Study in Institutionalised Portuguese Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3789.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Caçador; Edite Teixeira-Lemos; Jorge Oliveira; João Pinheiro; Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo; Fernando Ramos. 2021. "The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Functional Capacity: A Contribution Study in Institutionalised Portuguese Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3789.

Commentary
Published: 10 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The dietary guidelines as well as the organizations that establish the recommendations are not homogeneous across regions of the world. Each country utilizes specific icons to better describe to the public easy ways to follow specific recommendations, including the use of pyramids, plates, and other forms of presenting key information. All dietary guidelines are updated within certain periods to ensure that new findings or specific changes are communicated to the public. The purpose of this commentary is to describe the most updated information as well as some history on how these symbols are utilized in different countries or areas of the world. The updated Mediterranean pyramid as well as MyPlate and the Pyramids utilized in South Africa, Japan, and Argentina are discussed in this commentary.

ACS Style

Maria Fernandez; Dele Raheem; Fernando Ramos; Conrado Carrascosa; Ariana Saraiva; António Raposo. Highlights of Current Dietary Guidelines in Five Continents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2814 .

AMA Style

Maria Fernandez, Dele Raheem, Fernando Ramos, Conrado Carrascosa, Ariana Saraiva, António Raposo. Highlights of Current Dietary Guidelines in Five Continents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (6):2814.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Fernandez; Dele Raheem; Fernando Ramos; Conrado Carrascosa; Ariana Saraiva; António Raposo. 2021. "Highlights of Current Dietary Guidelines in Five Continents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2814.

Review
Published: 19 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross-contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspectives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, and identification methods. As biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreaks, they are also considered responsible for damage to food processing equipment. Hence the need to gain good knowledge about all of the factors favouring their development or growth, such as the attachment surface, food matrix components, environmental conditions, the bacterial cells involved, and electrostatic charging of surfaces. Overall, this review study shows the real threat of biofilms in the food industry due to the resistance of disinfectants and the mechanisms developed for their survival, including the intercellular signalling system, the cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and biofilm-associated proteins.

ACS Style

Conrado Carrascosa; Dele Raheem; Fernando Ramos; Ariana Saraiva; António Raposo. Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry—A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2014 .

AMA Style

Conrado Carrascosa, Dele Raheem, Fernando Ramos, Ariana Saraiva, António Raposo. Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry—A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):2014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Conrado Carrascosa; Dele Raheem; Fernando Ramos; Ariana Saraiva; António Raposo. 2021. "Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry—A Comprehensive Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 2014.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2021 in Coatings
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Algae and seaweeds are used in cookery since the beginnings of human civilization, particularly in several Asian cultures. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites produced by aquatic and terrestrial plants for their natural defense against external stimuli, which possess powerful antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that can be very important for the food industry. The main objective of this study was to develop a whey protein concentrate active coating, incorporated with a Fucus vesiculosus extract in order to delay the lipid oxidation of chicken breasts. Ten hydroethanolic extracts from F. vesiculosus were obtained and their antioxidant capacity was evaluated through two antioxidant activity assays: the DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching assay. The total content in phenolics compounds was also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The chosen extract was the one obtained from the freeze-dried F. vesiculosus using 75% (v/v) ethanol as extraction solvent. The extract was successfully incorporated into a whey protein film and successfully strengthened the thickness, tensile strength, and elastic modulus. The active film also was able to inhibit the chicken breasts lipid oxidation for 25 days of storage.

ACS Style

Mariana Andrade; Cássia Barbosa; Victor Souza; Isabel Coelhoso; João Reboleira; Susana Bernardino; Rui Ganhão; Susana Mendes; Ana Fernando; Fernanda Vilarinho; Ana Sanches Silva; Fernando Ramos. Novel Active Food Packaging Films Based on Whey Protein Incorporated with Seaweed Extract: Development, Characterization, and Application in Fresh Poultry Meat. Coatings 2021, 11, 229 .

AMA Style

Mariana Andrade, Cássia Barbosa, Victor Souza, Isabel Coelhoso, João Reboleira, Susana Bernardino, Rui Ganhão, Susana Mendes, Ana Fernando, Fernanda Vilarinho, Ana Sanches Silva, Fernando Ramos. Novel Active Food Packaging Films Based on Whey Protein Incorporated with Seaweed Extract: Development, Characterization, and Application in Fresh Poultry Meat. Coatings. 2021; 11 (2):229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariana Andrade; Cássia Barbosa; Victor Souza; Isabel Coelhoso; João Reboleira; Susana Bernardino; Rui Ganhão; Susana Mendes; Ana Fernando; Fernanda Vilarinho; Ana Sanches Silva; Fernando Ramos. 2021. "Novel Active Food Packaging Films Based on Whey Protein Incorporated with Seaweed Extract: Development, Characterization, and Application in Fresh Poultry Meat." Coatings 11, no. 2: 229.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2021 in Foods
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Fruit by-products have a low economic value and have proven biological activities, such as antioxidant capacity due to the presence of active compounds. The main objective of this study was to obtain and determine the antioxidant capacity, through DPPH radical assay and β-carotene bleaching assay, of three food grade extracts from apple, lemon, and orange industrial by-products. Furthermore, the extracts were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). LC with diode array detector (LC-DAD) was used for the quantification of the main polyphenols. Lemon extract presented the highest inhibition percentage of DPPH radical (51.7%) and the highest total phenolics content (43.4 mg GAE/g) from the by-products studied. Orange by-product was that with the higher number of polyphenols while lemon extract was that with the highest content of individual phenolics. The by-product obtained from the lemon was that with higher amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids (407 µg/g of by-product), mainly chlorogenic acid (386.7 µg/g), followed by the apple by-product (128.0 µg/g of by-product), which showed higher amounts of rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids. These industrial by-products have great potential as a source of natural antioxidants to be used directly as food additives or to be incorporated in packaging to produce active food packaging.

ACS Style

Cássia Barbosa; Mariana Andrade; Raquel Séndon; Ana Silva; Fernando Ramos; Fernanda Vilarinho; Khaoula Khwaldia; Letricia Barbosa-Pereira. Industrial Fruits By-Products and Their Antioxidant Profile: Can They Be Exploited for Industrial Food Applications? Foods 2021, 10, 272 .

AMA Style

Cássia Barbosa, Mariana Andrade, Raquel Séndon, Ana Silva, Fernando Ramos, Fernanda Vilarinho, Khaoula Khwaldia, Letricia Barbosa-Pereira. Industrial Fruits By-Products and Their Antioxidant Profile: Can They Be Exploited for Industrial Food Applications? Foods. 2021; 10 (2):272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cássia Barbosa; Mariana Andrade; Raquel Séndon; Ana Silva; Fernando Ramos; Fernanda Vilarinho; Khaoula Khwaldia; Letricia Barbosa-Pereira. 2021. "Industrial Fruits By-Products and Their Antioxidant Profile: Can They Be Exploited for Industrial Food Applications?" Foods 10, no. 2: 272.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Cv) of Asteraceae family is used as food and in traditional medicine. However there are no studies on its nutritional value, phenolic composition and biological activities. In the present work, a nutritional analysis of Cv leaves was performed and its phenolic content and biological properties evaluated. The nutritional profile was achieved by gas chromatography (GC). A 70% ethanolic extract was prepared and characterized by HLPC-PDA-ESI/MSn. The quantification of chicoric acid was determined by HPLC-PDA. Subsequently, it was evaluated its antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory activity and cellular viability was assessed in Raw 264.7 macrophages. On wet weight basis, carbohydrates were the most abundant macronutrients (9.99%), followed by minerals (2.74%) (mainly K, Ca and Na), protein (1.04%) and lipids (0.69%), with a low energetic contribution (175.19 KJ/100 g). The Cv extract is constituted essentially by phenolic acids as caffeic, ferulic and quinic acid derivatives being the major phenolic constituent chicoric acid (130.5 mg/g extract). The extract exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays and inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS (IC50 = 0.428 ± 0.007 mg/mL) without cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested. Conclusions: Given the nutritional and phenolic profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Cv could be a promising useful source of functional food ingredients.

ACS Style

Sónia Pedreiro; Sandrine Da Ressurreição; Maria Lopes; Maria Teresa Cruz; Teresa Batista; Artur Figueirinha; Fernando Ramos. Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia Leaves: Nutritional Profile, Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 151 .

AMA Style

Sónia Pedreiro, Sandrine Da Ressurreição, Maria Lopes, Maria Teresa Cruz, Teresa Batista, Artur Figueirinha, Fernando Ramos. Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia Leaves: Nutritional Profile, Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sónia Pedreiro; Sandrine Da Ressurreição; Maria Lopes; Maria Teresa Cruz; Teresa Batista; Artur Figueirinha; Fernando Ramos. 2020. "Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia Leaves: Nutritional Profile, Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 151.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in Food Control
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The use of antibiotics in livestock production has become a common practice. In the EU, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters is forbidden. However, the (mis)use of antibiotics may lead to antimicrobial resistance, which adversely affects humans, animals and the environment. Thus, the present study, using a previously validated multiclass and multi-residue UHPLC-ToF-MS methodology for the determination of 43 antibiotics, presents an assessment of data obtained from 60 piglets, using their livers and kidneys as samples. Eleven antimicrobials from different families were detected, which included ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, spiramycin, sulfisomidine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim. The obtained concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 438.7 μg kg−1, confirming that both kidney and liver matrices are relevant in monitoring drug residue control programs.

ACS Style

Carlota Gamboa-Cruz; Sílvia Barros; Ana Sofia Vila Pouca; Jorge Barbosa; Andreia Freitas; Fernando Ramos. Assessing antibiotic residues in piglet liver and kidney samples: How to manage the results obtained. Food Control 2020, 122, 107819 .

AMA Style

Carlota Gamboa-Cruz, Sílvia Barros, Ana Sofia Vila Pouca, Jorge Barbosa, Andreia Freitas, Fernando Ramos. Assessing antibiotic residues in piglet liver and kidney samples: How to manage the results obtained. Food Control. 2020; 122 ():107819.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlota Gamboa-Cruz; Sílvia Barros; Ana Sofia Vila Pouca; Jorge Barbosa; Andreia Freitas; Fernando Ramos. 2020. "Assessing antibiotic residues in piglet liver and kidney samples: How to manage the results obtained." Food Control 122, no. : 107819.

Article
Published: 23 November 2020 in Food Analytical Methods
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The combination of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToF-MS) is one of the most powerful analytical tools in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and speed. However, due to the gap on regulation and guidelines concerning the validation criteria for the use of ToF-MS methodology not only for screening but also for confirmatory and quantification purposes, this study presents, for the first time, an approach on how to use the referred methodology for confirmatory and quantification purposes. Thus, an UHPLC-ToF-MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 43 antibiotic residues from 7 different families (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, penicillins, macrolides, cephalosporins and trimethoprim) in piglet kidneys as a confirmatory method. A simple sample preparation consisting of extraction with a mixture of acetonitrile and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridge and finalized with a defatting step with n-hexane was used. The methodology was validated according the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, by defining suitable criteria for antibiotic identification, as well as by evaluating required parameters like selectivity, specificity and ruggedness that fulfil the required criteria. The calculated values of decision limit (CCα) and of detection capacity (CCβ) for antibiotics with established maximum residue limits (MRLs) fully complied with required criteria. For antibiotics for which no MRL was set, values ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 μg kg−1 and from 0.5 to 0.8 μg kg−1 were achieved for CCα and for CCβ, respectively. Linearity (all R2 > 0.95), recovery (81.4–110.0%) (lowest values of 4.6% and 7.1% were obtained for repeatability and for reproducibility, respectively), LODs (0.04–13.0 μg kg−1), LOQs (0.09–32.0 μg kg−1) and matrix effects (35.5–118.1 %) were also evaluated. After validation, the method was applied to analyse piglet kidney samples. Antibiotic residues were determined in 10 of the 15 analysed samples. However, all the antibiotics concentrations were below the MRLs.

ACS Style

Andreia Freitas; Ana Sofia Vila Pouca; Daniela Magalhães; Carlota Gamboa-Cruz; Sílvia Barros; Jorge Barbosa; Fernando Ramos. Development and Validation of a Multi-detection Confirmatory Method for Antibiotics Determination in Piglet Kidneys by UHPLC-TOF-MS According Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Food Analytical Methods 2020, 14, 430 -440.

AMA Style

Andreia Freitas, Ana Sofia Vila Pouca, Daniela Magalhães, Carlota Gamboa-Cruz, Sílvia Barros, Jorge Barbosa, Fernando Ramos. Development and Validation of a Multi-detection Confirmatory Method for Antibiotics Determination in Piglet Kidneys by UHPLC-TOF-MS According Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Food Analytical Methods. 2020; 14 (3):430-440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreia Freitas; Ana Sofia Vila Pouca; Daniela Magalhães; Carlota Gamboa-Cruz; Sílvia Barros; Jorge Barbosa; Fernando Ramos. 2020. "Development and Validation of a Multi-detection Confirmatory Method for Antibiotics Determination in Piglet Kidneys by UHPLC-TOF-MS According Commission Decision 2002/657/EC." Food Analytical Methods 14, no. 3: 430-440.

Review
Published: 28 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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At a moment when the population is increasingly aware and involved in what it eats, both consumers and the food sector are showing more interest in natural foods. This review work discusses, addresses and provides details of the most important aspects of consumer’s perceptions of and attitudes to natural foods and in-depth research into natural sweeteners. It also includes issues about their use and development as regards health impacts, food security and sustainability. In line with our main research outcome, we can assume that consumers are very keen on choosing foods with clean labelling, natural ingredients, preferably with other functional properties, without the loss of taste. In response to such a phenomenon, the food industry offers consumers alternative natural sweeteners with the advantage of added health benefits. It is noteworthy that Nature is a superb source of desirable substances, and many have a sweet taste, and many still need to be studied. Finally, we must stress that being natural does not necessarily guarantee market success.

ACS Style

Ariana Saraiva; Conrado Carrascosa; Dele Raheem; Fernando Ramos; António Raposo. Natural Sweeteners: The Relevance of Food Naturalness for Consumers, Food Security Aspects, Sustainability and Health Impacts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6285 .

AMA Style

Ariana Saraiva, Conrado Carrascosa, Dele Raheem, Fernando Ramos, António Raposo. Natural Sweeteners: The Relevance of Food Naturalness for Consumers, Food Security Aspects, Sustainability and Health Impacts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (17):6285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariana Saraiva; Conrado Carrascosa; Dele Raheem; Fernando Ramos; António Raposo. 2020. "Natural Sweeteners: The Relevance of Food Naturalness for Consumers, Food Security Aspects, Sustainability and Health Impacts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6285.

Original paper
Published: 27 July 2020 in European Food Research and Technology
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Many food formulations use fruits as their main component generating, in most cases, a large portion of fruits by-products which are generally considered as food waste. These by-products, due to its varied composition of active compounds, must be discarded in a responsible and ecological manner by the food industries, which can increase the final cost of the food formulation. The compounds present in this by-products can be useful to the food industry due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and, its reuse is important to establish a circular economy in the food industry. In this study, the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of fruit by-products was evaluated. Also, the principal phenolic compounds of these by-products were determined by HPLC–DAD and HPLC–ESI–MS/MS. The formulation 1 (F1) of juice by-products was composed by the by-products of the juice prepared with ginger and apple (50:50, w/w) and the formulation 2 (F2) of juice by-products was made up of the by-products of the juice prepared with apple, carrot, beet and ginger (50:29:20:1, w/w). The extracts obtained from the freeze-dried by-products presented higher antioxidant capacity and higher amounts of phenolic compounds, namely flavonoids, that the extracts obtained from the fresh by-products. Also, the extracts obtained from F1 presented a higher antioxidant capacity than the extracts from F2, mostly due to its high content in ginger. The obtained results from the different assays are in agreement among them and indicate that the F1 extract is the most suitable candidate to be applied to food applications and, active food packaging due to its high antioxidant capacity.

ACS Style

Mariana A. Andrade; Lucíllia Rabelo De Oliveira Torres; Ana Sanches Silva; Cássia H. Barbosa; Fernanda Vilarinho; Fernando Ramos; Ana Rodriguez Bernaldo De Quirós; Khaoula Khwaldia; Raquel Sendón. Industrial multi-fruits juices by-products: total antioxidant capacity and phenolics profile by LC–MS/MS to ascertain their reuse potential. European Food Research and Technology 2020, 246, 2271 -2282.

AMA Style

Mariana A. Andrade, Lucíllia Rabelo De Oliveira Torres, Ana Sanches Silva, Cássia H. Barbosa, Fernanda Vilarinho, Fernando Ramos, Ana Rodriguez Bernaldo De Quirós, Khaoula Khwaldia, Raquel Sendón. Industrial multi-fruits juices by-products: total antioxidant capacity and phenolics profile by LC–MS/MS to ascertain their reuse potential. European Food Research and Technology. 2020; 246 (11):2271-2282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariana A. Andrade; Lucíllia Rabelo De Oliveira Torres; Ana Sanches Silva; Cássia H. Barbosa; Fernanda Vilarinho; Fernando Ramos; Ana Rodriguez Bernaldo De Quirós; Khaoula Khwaldia; Raquel Sendón. 2020. "Industrial multi-fruits juices by-products: total antioxidant capacity and phenolics profile by LC–MS/MS to ascertain their reuse potential." European Food Research and Technology 246, no. 11: 2271-2282.

Review
Published: 20 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Bulk sweetener maltitol belongs to the polyols family and there have been several dietary applications in the past few years, during which the food industry has used it in many food products: bakery and dairy products, chocolate, sweets. This review paper addresses and discusses in detail the most relevant aspects concerning the analytical methods employed to determine maltitol’s food safety and industry applications, its metabolism and its impacts on human health. According to our main research outcome, we can assume that maltitol at lower doses poses little risk to humans and is a good alternative to using sucrose. However, it causes diarrhoea and foetus complications at high doses. Regarding its determination, high-performance liquid chromatography proved the primary method in various food matrices. The future role of maltitol in the food industry is likely to become more relevant as processors seek alternative sweeteners in product formulation without compromising health.

ACS Style

Ariana Saraiva; Conrado Carrascosa; Dele Raheem; Fernando Ramos; António Raposo. Maltitol: Analytical Determination Methods, Applications in the Food Industry, Metabolism and Health Impacts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5227 .

AMA Style

Ariana Saraiva, Conrado Carrascosa, Dele Raheem, Fernando Ramos, António Raposo. Maltitol: Analytical Determination Methods, Applications in the Food Industry, Metabolism and Health Impacts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (14):5227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariana Saraiva; Conrado Carrascosa; Dele Raheem; Fernando Ramos; António Raposo. 2020. "Maltitol: Analytical Determination Methods, Applications in the Food Industry, Metabolism and Health Impacts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5227.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2020 in Journal of Chromatography B
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Consumption of food containing antibiotic residues can cause direct toxic effects, such as allergic reactions, or indirect effects, like the possibility to contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. It is essential for consumer food safety, as well as for public health, to monitor antibiotics in foods of animal origin intended for human consumption, particularly in piglets, a highly consumed meat in Portugal. Concerning the lack of regulations regarding the validation criteria for the ToF-MS (time-of-flight mass spectrometry) drug residues determination, this study presents an approach for the use of UHPLC (ultra-high-pressure-liquid-chromatography)-ToF-MS not only for screening but also for confirmatory purposes of 45 antibiotics from 7 different classes. Thus, a method was optimized and validated in accordance with Decision 2002/657/EC by evaluating CCα, CCβ, specificity, selectivity, recovery, ruggedness, repeatability and reproducibility. For antibiotics with no MRL set, the lowest values achieved for CCα and CCβ were, respectively, of 0.1 μg kg−1 and 0.2 μg kg−1 for cinoxacin. Regarding precision, the CV values obtained ranged from 5% to 21% for repeatability and from 6% to 22% for reproducibility. Recoveries were calculated falling between 82% and 120%. After validation, the method was used to analyse piglet liver samples. Antibiotic residues were determined in 47% of the 21 analysed samples. Nevertheless, all the antibiotics were detected at concentrations below the MRLs.

ACS Style

Daniela Magalhães; Andreia Freitas; Ana Sofia Vila Pouca; Jorge Barbosa; Fernando Ramos. The use of ultra-high-pressure-liquid-chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a confirmatory method in drug residue analysis: Application to the determination of antibiotics in piglet liver. Journal of Chromatography B 2020, 1153, 122264 .

AMA Style

Daniela Magalhães, Andreia Freitas, Ana Sofia Vila Pouca, Jorge Barbosa, Fernando Ramos. The use of ultra-high-pressure-liquid-chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a confirmatory method in drug residue analysis: Application to the determination of antibiotics in piglet liver. Journal of Chromatography B. 2020; 1153 ():122264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Magalhães; Andreia Freitas; Ana Sofia Vila Pouca; Jorge Barbosa; Fernando Ramos. 2020. "The use of ultra-high-pressure-liquid-chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a confirmatory method in drug residue analysis: Application to the determination of antibiotics in piglet liver." Journal of Chromatography B 1153, no. : 122264.

Articles
Published: 27 March 2020 in Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B
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Salicornia spp. are traditionally used in Asia as food, forage and medicine. In the West, its popularity has been increasing as an alternative to salt. Nevertheless, the potential presence of contaminants needs to be considered. Hence this study, which aimed to investigate the presence of potentially mycotoxigenic fungi and the occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in Salicornia sampled in Portugal. Fungi isolation was performed by the direct plating technique in selective media. The mycotoxins contamination levels were determined by an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS). The results suggest that Salicornia is highly susceptible to fungi infestation, e.g. by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Relevant levels of AFB1 > 5 µg/Kg and total aflatoxins (sum of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) > 10 µg/Kg were found in various samples.

ACS Style

Maria Lopes; Maria Da Conceição Castilho; Ana Sanches-Silva; Andreia Freitas; Jorge Barbosa; Maria José Gonçalves; Carlos Cavaleiro; Fernando Ramos. Evaluation of the mycotoxins content of Salicornia spp .: a gourmet plant alternative to salt. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 2020, 13, 162 -170.

AMA Style

Maria Lopes, Maria Da Conceição Castilho, Ana Sanches-Silva, Andreia Freitas, Jorge Barbosa, Maria José Gonçalves, Carlos Cavaleiro, Fernando Ramos. Evaluation of the mycotoxins content of Salicornia spp .: a gourmet plant alternative to salt. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B. 2020; 13 (3):162-170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Lopes; Maria Da Conceição Castilho; Ana Sanches-Silva; Andreia Freitas; Jorge Barbosa; Maria José Gonçalves; Carlos Cavaleiro; Fernando Ramos. 2020. "Evaluation of the mycotoxins content of Salicornia spp .: a gourmet plant alternative to salt." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 13, no. 3: 162-170.

Review
Published: 26 March 2020 in Trends in Food Science & Technology
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Mycotoxins are natural contaminants produced by fungal species that colonize and contaminate crops, in special cereals, either in the field or in post-harvest commodities. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most valuable crops worldwide, and it is prone to be infected by mycotoxigenic fungi with severe impacts mostly affecting farmers and livestock workers. The constant change in the mycotoxic chart at a European level leads to the need of continuous monitoring, surveillance and control of this major global health and economic issue. The latest published studies based on the development of clean-up and extraction strategies with further analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry (LC-MS(/MS)) techniques for the determination of mycotoxins in maize matrices are discussed. Sampling design is also addressed. Sample preparation strategies include Solid-Liquid Extraction, Solid Phase Extraction, multifunctional and immunoaffinity columns, and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) technology. Validation parameters, including limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision and accuracy are compiled and compared among the different analytical methods. A vast number of analytical methodologies has been optimized and validated for mycotoxins determination in maize-based samples, but due to the chemical diversity of these toxins as well as the growing appearance of the so-called emerging mycotoxins, new methods continue to be developed and published. LC-MS/MS has become the golden method for the simultaneous multi-mycotoxin analysis, with different sample preparation approaches, due to the range of different physicochemical properties of these chemicals.

ACS Style

Marta Leite; Andreia Freitas; Ana Sanches Silva; Jorge Barbosa; Fernando Ramos. Maize (Zea mays L.) and mycotoxins: A review on optimization and validation of analytical methods by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2020, 99, 542 -565.

AMA Style

Marta Leite, Andreia Freitas, Ana Sanches Silva, Jorge Barbosa, Fernando Ramos. Maize (Zea mays L.) and mycotoxins: A review on optimization and validation of analytical methods by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2020; 99 ():542-565.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Leite; Andreia Freitas; Ana Sanches Silva; Jorge Barbosa; Fernando Ramos. 2020. "Maize (Zea mays L.) and mycotoxins: A review on optimization and validation of analytical methods by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry." Trends in Food Science & Technology 99, no. : 542-565.