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Zhenbo Wang
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

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Journal article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Regional sustainable development is a complex process driven by multiple factors, such as the economy, society, and environment. China has made a series of major adjustments and devised plans, including the establishment of a pilot free-trade zone, to promote regional sustainable development. The pilot free-trade zone, characterized by free trade and the opening up of institutions, changes the path and mode of regional sustainable development to a certain extent. However, an effective empirical quantitative analysis to verify the impact of the pilot free-trade zone on regional sustainable development is lacking. This paper employs the system dynamics method to predict the social–economic–environmental development trends and key control factors of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration by considering the unique advantages of system dynamics. The construction of a pilot free-trade zone was set as a control variable to analyze its promoting effect on regional sustainable development. Next, the most suitable model for sustainable development for the future was determined. The results indicate that the construction of the pilot free-trade zone led to significant growth in indicators such as import and export trade, total economic volume, income, and labor force, all of which are conducive to regional sustainable development. Practically, the simulation results provide decision support for promoting the sustainable development of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration.

ACS Style

Xiaofei Liu; Zhenbo Wang; Xuegang Cui. Scenario Simulation of the Impact of China’s Free-Trade Zone Construction on Regional Sustainable Development: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8083 .

AMA Style

Xiaofei Liu, Zhenbo Wang, Xuegang Cui. Scenario Simulation of the Impact of China’s Free-Trade Zone Construction on Regional Sustainable Development: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8083.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaofei Liu; Zhenbo Wang; Xuegang Cui. 2021. "Scenario Simulation of the Impact of China’s Free-Trade Zone Construction on Regional Sustainable Development: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8083.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This paper systematically summarizes the hierarchical cross-regional multi-directional linkage in terms of air pollution control models implemented in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, including the hierarchical linkage structure of national-urban agglomeration-city, the cross-regional linkage governance of multiple provinces and municipalities, the multi-directional linkage mechanism mainly involving industry access, energy structure, green transportation, cross-regional assistance, monitoring and warning, consultation, and accountability. The concentration data of six air pollutants were used to analyze spatiotemporal characteristics. The concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO decreased, and the concentration of O3 increased from 2014 to 2017; the air pollution control has achieved good effect. The concentration of O3 was the highest in summer and lowest in winter, while those of other pollutants were the highest in winter and lowest in summer. The high pollution ranges of O3 diffused from south to north, and those of other pollutants decreased significantly from north to south. Finally, we suggest strengthening the traceability and process research of heavy pollution, increasing the traceability and process research of O3 pollution, promoting the joint legislation of different regions in urban agglomeration, create innovative pollution discharge supervision mechanisms, in order to provide significant reference for the joint prevention and control of air pollution in urban agglomerations.

ACS Style

Longwu Liang; Zhenbo Wang. Control Models and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Air Pollution in the Rapidly Developing Urban Agglomerations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6177 .

AMA Style

Longwu Liang, Zhenbo Wang. Control Models and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Air Pollution in the Rapidly Developing Urban Agglomerations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):6177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longwu Liang; Zhenbo Wang. 2021. "Control Models and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Air Pollution in the Rapidly Developing Urban Agglomerations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 6177.

Research article
Published: 05 June 2021 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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As the main form of new urbanization in China, urban agglomerations are an important platform to support national economic growth, promote coordinated regional development, and participate in international competition and cooperation. However, they have become core areas for air pollution. This study used PM2.5 data from NASA atmospheric remote sensing image inversion from 2000 to 2015 and spatial analysis including a spatial Durbin model to reveal the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and main factors controlling PM2.5 in China’s urban agglomerations. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2015, the PM2.5 concentrations of China’s urban agglomerations showed a growing trend with some volatility. In 2007, there was an inflection point. The number of low-concentration cities decreased, while the number of high-concentration cities increased. (2) The concentrations of PM2.5 in urban agglomerations were high in the west and low in the east, with the “Hu Line” as the boundary. The spatial differences were significant and increasing. The concentration of PM2.5 grew faster in urban agglomerations in the eastern and northeastern regions. (3) The urban agglomeration of PM2.5 had significant spatial concentrations. The hot spots were concentrated to the east of the Hu Line, and the number of hot-spot cities continued to rise. The cold spots were concentrated to the west of the Hu Line, and the number of cold-spot cities continued to decline. (4) There was a significant spatial spillover effect of PM2.5 pollution among cities within urban agglomerations. The main factors controlling PM2.5 pollution in different urban agglomerations had significant differences. Industrialization and energy consumption had a significant positive impact on PM2.5 pollution. Foreign direct investment had a significant negative impact on PM2.5 pollution in the southeast coastal and border urban agglomerations. Population density had a significant positive impact on PM2.5 pollution in a particular region, but this had the opposite effect in neighboring areas. Urbanization rate had a negative impact on PM2.5 pollution in national-level urban agglomerations, but this had the opposite effect in regional and local urban agglomerations. A high degree of industrial structure had a significant negative impact on PM2.5 pollution in a region, but this had an opposite effect in neighboring regions. Technical support level had a significant impact on PM2.5 pollution, but there were lag effects and rebound effects.

ACS Style

Zhenbo Wang; Longwu Liang; Xujing Wang. Spatiotemporal evolution of PM2.5 concentrations in urban agglomerations of China. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021, 31, 878 -898.

AMA Style

Zhenbo Wang, Longwu Liang, Xujing Wang. Spatiotemporal evolution of PM2.5 concentrations in urban agglomerations of China. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2021; 31 (6):878-898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenbo Wang; Longwu Liang; Xujing Wang. 2021. "Spatiotemporal evolution of PM2.5 concentrations in urban agglomerations of China." Journal of Geographical Sciences 31, no. 6: 878-898.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Ecological Indicators
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The rapid development of the economy and society in China has led to a series of environmental pollution problems. Exploring the interaction and coupling effects within the Economy–Society–Environment (ESE) system in urban agglomeration areas is conducive to promoting high-quality sustainable urban development. Based on systems theory, we constructed an ESE system with multiple elements, information and interaction flows. Taking the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) in the period from 2010 to 2018 as a research sample, we used the Entropy Method (EM) and the Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCDM) to synthetically evaluate the coupling coordination degree of the ESE system. The Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) was applied to explore the influencing factors of the ESE system’s coupling coordination degree considering the nonlinear relationship between the various indicators and the ESE system’s coupling coordination degree. The main results can be summarized as follows. (1) The coupling coordination degree of the ESE system and the comprehensive quality of its subsystems in the YRDUA showed trends of growth during 2010–2018. There were obvious spatial differences: Shanghai had the highest quality scores, Jiangsu and Zhejiang had medium values, and Anhui had the lowest scores. However, these disparities continued to decrease during the study period. The overall coupling coordination degree distribution presents a normal distribution shape, most of cities concentrated in the moderate coordination grade. (2) At present, the coupling coordination of the society-environment binary system makes a great contribution to the ESE ternary system. (3) The comprehensive quality of the economy provides strong support for sustainable social and environmental development. (4) Factors such as the urbanization rate, proportion of tertiary industry in GDP, per-capita retail sales of consumer goods are critical to the coordinated development of the ESE system.

ACS Style

Luo Dong; Liang Longwu; Wang Zhenbo; Chen Liangkan; Zhang Faming. Exploration of coupling effects in the Economy–Society–Environment system in urban areas: Case study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Ecological Indicators 2021, 128, 107858 .

AMA Style

Luo Dong, Liang Longwu, Wang Zhenbo, Chen Liangkan, Zhang Faming. Exploration of coupling effects in the Economy–Society–Environment system in urban areas: Case study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 128 ():107858.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luo Dong; Liang Longwu; Wang Zhenbo; Chen Liangkan; Zhang Faming. 2021. "Exploration of coupling effects in the Economy–Society–Environment system in urban areas: Case study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration." Ecological Indicators 128, no. : 107858.

Research articles
Published: 13 April 2021 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Understanding the driving forces of regional air pollution and its mechanism has gained much attention in academic research, which can provide scientific policy-making basis for economy-environment sustainability in China. Being an important energy and industrial base, the North China Plain region has been experiencing severe air pollution. Therefore, understanding the relationship between industrialization and air quality in this region is of great importance for air quality improvement. In this study, the average annual concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in 47 sample cities at and above the prefecture level in the North China Plain region from 2007 to 2016 were used to illustrate the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution within this region. Furthermore, panel data model, panel vector autoregression model, and impulse response function were used to explore the correlation and driving mechanism between energy-intensive industries and regional air quality. The results show that: first, overall air quality improved in the study area between 2007 and 2016, with a significant greater fall in concentration of SO2 than that of NO2 and PM10; second, provincial border areas suffered from severe air pollution and showed an apparent spatial agglomeration trend of pollution; and third, the test results from different models all proved that energy-intensive industries such as the chemical, non-metallic mineral production, electric and thermal power production and supply industries, had a significant positive correlation with concentrations of air pollutants, and indicated an obvious short-term impulse response effect. It concludes that upgradation of industrial structure, especially that of energy-intensive industries, plays a very important role in the improvement of regional air quality, which is recommended to be put in top priority for authorities. Therefore, policies as increasing investments in technological innovation in energy-intensive industries, deepening cooperation in environmental governance between different provinces and cities, and strengthening supervision and entry restrictions are suggested.

ACS Style

Xiaoping Zhang; Meihan Lin; Zhenbo Wang; Fengjun Jin. The impact of energy-intensive industries on air quality in China’s industrial agglomerations. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021, 31, 584 -602.

AMA Style

Xiaoping Zhang, Meihan Lin, Zhenbo Wang, Fengjun Jin. The impact of energy-intensive industries on air quality in China’s industrial agglomerations. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2021; 31 (4):584-602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoping Zhang; Meihan Lin; Zhenbo Wang; Fengjun Jin. 2021. "The impact of energy-intensive industries on air quality in China’s industrial agglomerations." Journal of Geographical Sciences 31, no. 4: 584-602.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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Economic development, resource utilization, and environmental protection have always presented clear dilemmas for many countries at the national level. It is clear that the related concepts of eco-efficiency and the evaluation index can help in evaluating these associated issues. Thus, based on the use of undesirable output super Slacks-Based Measure models, this study evaluated the eco-efficiency of 30 Chinese provinces during the period between 2005 and 2016. This evaluation was conducted by analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamics and key factors influencing these changes using a panel regression model. The results of this analysis reveal that eco-efficiency gradually increased over the course of the study period, peaking at different levels among the regions. We used the conventional CV evolutionary method to show that inequalities in eco-efficiency gradually decreased at the national level. Indeed, our estimations of the factors affecting this variable suggest that industrial structure, degree of openness, urbanization, technical innovation, and environmental governance all exert significant positive influences, while energy consumption and traffic exert negative effects. The extent of the impacts of these factors on eco-efficiency varied between the different regions.

ACS Style

Li Qiuying; Liang Longwu; Wang Zhenbo. Spatiotemporal Differentiation and the Factors Influencing Eco-Efficiency in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2021, 12, 155 -164.

AMA Style

Li Qiuying, Liang Longwu, Wang Zhenbo. Spatiotemporal Differentiation and the Factors Influencing Eco-Efficiency in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2021; 12 (2):155-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li Qiuying; Liang Longwu; Wang Zhenbo. 2021. "Spatiotemporal Differentiation and the Factors Influencing Eco-Efficiency in China." Journal of Resources and Ecology 12, no. 2: 155-164.

Article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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The cultivation and development of modern metropolitan areas with the aim of establishing new regional centers with competitive edge is a key objective for the new-type urbanization directions in China. The construction of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area is of great significance for the promotion of the South Asia Channel, the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative, the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, the Himalaya Economic Cooperation Zone, and for rapid development and long-term stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper examines the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area including Chengguanqu (Chengguan District), Doilungdeqen, Dagze, Lhunzhub, Damxung, Nyemo, Quxu, Maizhokunggar, Samzhubze Qu (Samzhubze District), Gyangze, Rinbung, Bainang, Nedong, Gonggar, and Zhanang using a spatial field energy model that combines nodality and accessibility indices and considers multiple indicators including traffic flow between cities. By combining factors such as the natural background, population agglomeration, the social economy, infrastructure construction, and the urban spatial structure of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area, it is proposed to build a bow-and-arrow-shaped urban system with ‘one core, two centers, one axis, and two wings’ along the valleys and the transportation trunk lines of the area. The study advocates the construction of a pure land industrial system comprising a green cultural and tourism-oriented plateau.

ACS Style

Zhenbo Wang; Jiaxin Li; Longwu Liang. Identifying the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area based on a spatial field energy model. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021, 31, 245 -264.

AMA Style

Zhenbo Wang, Jiaxin Li, Longwu Liang. Identifying the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area based on a spatial field energy model. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2021; 31 (2):245-264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenbo Wang; Jiaxin Li; Longwu Liang. 2021. "Identifying the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area based on a spatial field energy model." Journal of Geographical Sciences 31, no. 2: 245-264.

Ecosystems
Published: 28 September 2020 in PLOS ONE
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The green development of coastal urban agglomerations, which are strategic core areas of national economic growth in China, has become a major focus of both academics and government agencies. In this paper, China's coastal urban agglomeration is taken as the research area, aiming at the serious air pollution problem of coastal urban agglomeration, geographic information system (ArcGIS10.2) spatial analysis and the spatial Dubin model were applied to National Aeronautics and Space Administration atmospheric remote sensing image inversion fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data from 2010–2016 to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and Influence mechanism of PM2.5 in China's coastal urban agglomerations, with a view to providing a reference value for coordinating air pollution in the coastal cities of the world. From 2010–2016, the PM2.5 concentration in China's coastal urban agglomerations decreased as a whole, and large spatial differences in PM2.5 concentration were observed in China's coastal urban agglomerations; the core high-pollution areas were the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Shandong Peninsula, and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations. Large spatial differences in PM2.5 concentration were also observed within individual urban agglomerations, with higher PM2.5 concentrations found in the northern parts of the urban agglomerations. Significant spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity were observed among PM2.5-polluted cities in China's coastal urban agglomerations. The northern coastal urban agglomerations formed a relatively stable and continuous high-pollution zone. The spatial Dubin model was used to analyze the driving factors of PM2.5 pollution in coastal urban agglomerations. Together, meteorological, socioeconomic, pollution source, and ecological factors affected the spatial characteristics of PM2.5 pollution during the study period, and the overall effect was a mixed effect with significant spatial variation. Among them, meteorological factors were the greatest driver of PM2.5 pollution. In the short term, the rapid increase in population density, industrial emissions, industrial energy consumption, and total traffic emissions were the important driving factors of PM2.5 pollution in the coastal urban agglomerations of China.

ACS Style

Yongjie Shan; Xujing Wang; Zhenbo Wang; Longwu Liang; Jiaxin Li; Jingwen Sun. The pattern and mechanism of air pollution in developed coastal areas of China: From the perspective of urban agglomeration. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0237863 .

AMA Style

Yongjie Shan, Xujing Wang, Zhenbo Wang, Longwu Liang, Jiaxin Li, Jingwen Sun. The pattern and mechanism of air pollution in developed coastal areas of China: From the perspective of urban agglomeration. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (9):e0237863.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongjie Shan; Xujing Wang; Zhenbo Wang; Longwu Liang; Jiaxin Li; Jingwen Sun. 2020. "The pattern and mechanism of air pollution in developed coastal areas of China: From the perspective of urban agglomeration." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9: e0237863.

Research article
Published: 17 September 2020 in Complexity
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This paper reinvestigated the climate-crop yield relationship with the statistical model at crops’ growing stage scale. Compared to previous studies, our model introduced monthly climate variables in the production function of crops, which enables separating the yield changes induced by climate change and those caused by inputs variation and technique progress, as well as examining different climate effects during each growing stage of crops. By applying the fixed effect regression model with province-level panel data of crop yields, agricultural inputs, and the monthly climate variables of temperature and precipitation from 1985 to 2015, we found that the effects of temperature generally are negative and those of precipitation generally are positive, but they vary among different growth stages for each crop. Specifically, GDDs (i.e., growing degree days) have negative effects on spring maize’s yield except for the sowing and ripening stages; the effects of precipitation are negative in September for summer maize. Precipitation in December and the next April is significantly harmful to the yield of winter wheat; while, for the spring wheat, GDDs have positive effects during April and May, and precipitation has negative effects during the ripening period. In addition, we computed climate-induced losses based on the climate-crop yield relationship, which demonstrated a strong tendency for increasing yield losses for all crops, with large interannual fluctuations. Comparatively, the long-term climate effects on yields of spring maize, summer maize, and spring wheat are more noticeable than those of winter wheat.

ACS Style

Yongbin Zhu; Yajuan Shi; Changxin Liu; Bing Lyu; Zhenbo Wang. Reinspecting the Climate-Crop Yields Relationship at a Finer Scale and the Climate Damage Evaluation: Evidence from China. Complexity 2020, 2020, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Yongbin Zhu, Yajuan Shi, Changxin Liu, Bing Lyu, Zhenbo Wang. Reinspecting the Climate-Crop Yields Relationship at a Finer Scale and the Climate Damage Evaluation: Evidence from China. Complexity. 2020; 2020 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongbin Zhu; Yajuan Shi; Changxin Liu; Bing Lyu; Zhenbo Wang. 2020. "Reinspecting the Climate-Crop Yields Relationship at a Finer Scale and the Climate Damage Evaluation: Evidence from China." Complexity 2020, no. : 1-8.

Research article
Published: 20 May 2020 in PLOS ONE
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The Chinese government adheres to the innovation driven strategy and emphasizes that technological innovation is the strategic support for improving social productivity and comprehensive national strength. This paper discusses the mechanism of technological innovation and regional economic co-evolution, and constructs an index system to assess them based on the principles of synergy and systematics. The authors use a dynamic coupling model to study the law of the cooperative evolution of composite systems and geo-detector methods to reveal the main factors controlling the degree of coordination among them. The results show that the total factor productivity of China’s high-tech industry showed a "W"-type trend of change from 2006 to 2016, and the other indices exhibited a volatile trend. The total factor productivity, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and technological progress increased by 37%, 13.3%, 3.9%, 9%, and 20.8%, respectively. There was a significant spatial difference in changes in total factor productivity, forming a core-edge spatial pattern with the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the center of concentration. Most of China’s technological innovation and regional economic complex systems were in a state of interactive development from 2007 to 2016, except in the three northeastern provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai, and the western part of the country. The degree of coupling of the other provinces showed an increasing trend, and the overall degree of coupling exhibited the spatial pattern of Central > Eastern > Western > Northeastern. The three most influential factors for the degree of coupling of China’s provincial complex system were the gross domestic product, efficiency of technological innovation, and expenditure on research and development, whereas the three most important factors affecting the degree of coupling of complex systems were the efficiency of technological innovation, gross domestic product, and number of high-tech enterprises as well as research and development personnel, respectively, in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions. Finally, the paper puts forward the suggestions of regional innovation driven coordinated development, technology innovation and regional economic coordinated development, in order to provide reference for the high-quality economic development of developing countries.

ACS Style

Longwu Liang; Zhen Bo Wang; Dong Luo; Ying Wei; Jingwen Sun. Synergy effects and it’s influencing factors of China’s high technological innovation and regional economy. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0231335 .

AMA Style

Longwu Liang, Zhen Bo Wang, Dong Luo, Ying Wei, Jingwen Sun. Synergy effects and it’s influencing factors of China’s high technological innovation and regional economy. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0231335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Longwu Liang; Zhen Bo Wang; Dong Luo; Ying Wei; Jingwen Sun. 2020. "Synergy effects and it’s influencing factors of China’s high technological innovation and regional economy." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5: e0231335.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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A range of previous studies have suggested that early-life conditions (ELCs) are associated with various health problems throughout life in Western societies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and how, early-life conditions predicted the level and trajectory of cognitive function in middle- and old-aged Chinese adults. Data were obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study which comprised 16,258 adults at baseline. Cognitive function was assessed using mental intactness and episodic memory and ELCs were measured by early parental death, childhood socioeconomic status (SES), food deprivation, and childhood health. Growth curve modeling was used to examine the trajectory of cognitive function (three waves in a 6-year period)with particular attention paid to the effects of ELCs on cognition. The results show that early maternal death is associated with the baseline cognitive level among middle- and old-aged Chinese adults (β range between −0.44 and −0.35, p < 0.05), but that this association is also largely attenuated by adulthood education. Higher childhood SES predicts an enhanced level of baseline cognition in both age groups (β range between 0.08 and 1.27, p < 0.001), but only protects against cognitive decline at baseline in middle-aged adults. Participants who were less healthy during childhood tended to have lower cognitive performance than those who had enjoyed good health (β range between −0.36 and −0.14, p < 0.05). The results of this study highlight the detrimental impact of deleterious ELCs on cognitive function throughout later life.

ACS Style

Lei Yang; Zhenbo Wang. Early-Life Conditions and Cognitive Function in Middle-and Old-Aged Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3451 .

AMA Style

Lei Yang, Zhenbo Wang. Early-Life Conditions and Cognitive Function in Middle-and Old-Aged Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Yang; Zhenbo Wang. 2020. "Early-Life Conditions and Cognitive Function in Middle-and Old-Aged Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3451.

Article
Published: 11 April 2020 in Journal of Mountain Science
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As a reflection of the relationship between human and mountainous environment, urban planning has an impact on the mountainous environment by changing the topography, landform and spatial layout. A good urban planning can mitigate and adapt to the mountainous environmental impact. Urban master planning involves the interrelationships and interactions of various components of urban complex systems. Planning Support System (PSS), as a technical means to assist planning decision-making, is mostly based on the construction mode of “user (stakeholder) - system”. Its strong professional characteristics are not conducive to the consensus of diverse stakeholders on urban planning. The aim of this paper is therefore to build an augmented planning support system framework that is based on complex adaptive system theory, this framework is ontology-driven, and thus will enable the generation of a planning support prototype system for mountainous urban master planning founded on this framework. The framework fuses the urban planning ontology and the planning support system together, which helps different urban agents to reach a consensus based on a common understanding of urban planning. The defect is that the construction of the urban planning ontology is still manually constructed. The approach advocated here will enable a common understanding of mountainous urban master planning, support efficient and flexible decision in this area, and provide reference framework for future mountainous urban master PSS developments and application. The PSS prototype developed based on augmented planning support system framework has been applied to the urban master planning of Changting County in Fujian Province, China. Through the application of multiscenario analysis, urban agents can deepen their understanding of the current situation and future development of the city, and ultimately helps to promote urban planning decisions and implementation.

ACS Style

Xiao-Tao Sun; Jian-Gang Xu; Zhen-Bo Wang. Augmented planning support system framework for mountainous urban master planning. Journal of Mountain Science 2020, 17, 973 -991.

AMA Style

Xiao-Tao Sun, Jian-Gang Xu, Zhen-Bo Wang. Augmented planning support system framework for mountainous urban master planning. Journal of Mountain Science. 2020; 17 (4):973-991.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao-Tao Sun; Jian-Gang Xu; Zhen-Bo Wang. 2020. "Augmented planning support system framework for mountainous urban master planning." Journal of Mountain Science 17, no. 4: 973-991.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2019 in Sustainability
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Coordinating ecosystem service supply and demand equilibrium and utilizing machine learning to dynamically construct an ecological security pattern (ESP) can help better understand the impact of urban development on ecological processes, which can be used as a theoretical reference in coupling economic growth and environmental protection. Here, the ESP of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan urban agglomeration was constructed, which made use of the Bayesian network model to dynamically identify the ecological sources. The ecological corridor and ecological strategy points were identified using the minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory. The ESP was constructed by combining seven ecological sources, “two horizontal and three vertical” ecological corridors, and 37 ecological strategy points. Our results found spatial decoupling between the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES) and the degradation in areas with high demand for ES. The ecological sources and ecological corridors of the urban agglomeration were mainly situated in forestlands and water areas. The terrestrial ecological corridor was distributed along the outer periphery of the urban agglomeration, while the aquatic ecological corridor ran from north to south throughout the entire region. The ecological strategic points were mainly concentrated along the boundaries of the built-up area and the intersection between construction land and ecological land. Finally, the ecological sources were found primarily on existing ecological protection zones, which supports the usefulness of machine learning in predicting ecological sources and may provide new insights in developing urban ESP.

ACS Style

Xiao Ouyang; Zhenbo Wang; Xiang Zhu. Construction of the Ecological Security Pattern of Urban Agglomeration under the Framework of Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services Using Bayesian Network Machine Learning: Case Study of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6416 .

AMA Style

Xiao Ouyang, Zhenbo Wang, Xiang Zhu. Construction of the Ecological Security Pattern of Urban Agglomeration under the Framework of Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services Using Bayesian Network Machine Learning: Case Study of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao Ouyang; Zhenbo Wang; Xiang Zhu. 2019. "Construction of the Ecological Security Pattern of Urban Agglomeration under the Framework of Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services Using Bayesian Network Machine Learning: Case Study of the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration, China." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6416.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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China's rapid urbanization has produced problems of excessive resource use and environmental pollution, threatening the country's sustainable development. Previous studies mainly focused on empirical observation of the interactions between urbanization and the eco-environment, mainly using econometric models which lacked detailed explanations of the coupling mechanisms between various elements. No quantitative models have been developed to describe the complex nonlinear relationships between various elements, so our understanding of urbanization and eco-environment coupling is vague, and therefore not conducive to coordinating the relationship between them. Coupling urbanization with the eco-environment allows us to simulate interactions between them and enables us to explore the most suitable scenarios for sustainable development. We designed and developed the Urbanization and Eco-environment Coupler (UEC) using system dynamics to simulate regional urbanization and eco-environment coupling and to compare different sustainable development scenarios. UEC integrates human and natural elements. It includes four urbanization submodels (the economy, society, population and construction land) and five eco-environment submodels (water, arable land, ecology, pollution and energy). UEC can fully represent the nonlinear interactions between these submodels by identifying feedback linkages. This allows us to identify an optimal sustainable regional development pattern. We chose the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as a case study research area and obtained the following results: (1) prioritizing urbanization will accelerate economic growth and increase pollution emissions whereas prioritizing the eco-environment will negatively affect both total population and arable land; (2) when sufficient policy and technical support is directed to a particular area, urbanization may not further degrade the eco-environment; and (3) simulation results for various scenarios show that the key to guaranteeing sustainable development is improving technical and political support rather than further restricting urbanization. The UEC model is a significant aid to improving sustainable regional planning.

ACS Style

Chuanglin Fang; Xuegang Cui; Guangdong Li; Chao Bao; Zhenbo Wang; Haitao Ma; Siao Sun; Haimeng Liu; Kui Luo; Yufei Ren. Modeling regional sustainable development scenarios using the Urbanization and Eco-environment Coupler: Case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 689, 820 -830.

AMA Style

Chuanglin Fang, Xuegang Cui, Guangdong Li, Chao Bao, Zhenbo Wang, Haitao Ma, Siao Sun, Haimeng Liu, Kui Luo, Yufei Ren. Modeling regional sustainable development scenarios using the Urbanization and Eco-environment Coupler: Case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 689 ():820-830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuanglin Fang; Xuegang Cui; Guangdong Li; Chao Bao; Zhenbo Wang; Haitao Ma; Siao Sun; Haimeng Liu; Kui Luo; Yufei Ren. 2019. "Modeling regional sustainable development scenarios using the Urbanization and Eco-environment Coupler: Case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China." Science of The Total Environment 689, no. : 820-830.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2019 in Environmental Pollution
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Ozone has become a major atmospheric pollutant in China as the pattern of urban energy usage has changed and the number of motor vehicles has grown rapidly. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, also known as the Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration (hereafter, JJJUA), with a precarious balance between protecting the ecological environment and sustaining economic development, is challenged by high levels of ozone pollution. Based on ozone observation data from 13 cities in the JJJUA from 2014 to 2017, the spatio-temporal trends in the evolution of ozone pollution and its associated influencing factors were analyzed using Moran’s I Index, hot-spot analysis, and Geodetector using ArcGIS and SPSS software. Five key results were obtained. 1) There was an increase in the annual average ozone concentration, for the period 2014–2017. Comparing the 13 prefecture-level cities, ozone pollution in Chengde and Hengshui decreased, while it worsened in the remaining 11 cities. 2) Ozone pollution was worse in spring and summer than in autumn and winter; the peak ozone pollution season was from May to September; the average ozone concentration on workdays was higher than that on non-workdays, showing a counter-weekend effect. 3) Annual average concentrations were high in the central and southern parts of the study region but low in the north. 4) Prominent positive spatial correlations were observed in ozone concentration, with the best correlations shown in summer and autumn; concentrations were high in Baoding and Xingtai but low in Beijing and Chengde. 5) Concentrations of PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and PM2.5, as well as average wind speed, sunshine duration, evaporation, precipitation, and temperature, all had significant effects on ozone pollution, and interactions between these influencing factors increased it.

ACS Style

Zhen-Bo Wang; Jia-Xin Li; Long-Wu Liang. Spatio-temporal evolution of ozone pollution and its influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration. Environmental Pollution 2019, 256, 113419 .

AMA Style

Zhen-Bo Wang, Jia-Xin Li, Long-Wu Liang. Spatio-temporal evolution of ozone pollution and its influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 256 ():113419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhen-Bo Wang; Jia-Xin Li; Long-Wu Liang. 2019. "Spatio-temporal evolution of ozone pollution and its influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration." Environmental Pollution 256, no. : 113419.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2019 in Sustainability
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The digital divide has loomed as a sustainable development issue for over two decades and there has been much research in terms of efforts to measure the digital divide from different dimensions and scales. Drawing on spatial agglomeration analysis and multiple linear regression, this paper aims to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of the prefectural digital divide in China and its determinants. The results show that there is a significant prefectural digital divide in China that is characterized by a decline of ICT development index (IDI) values from the east to the west as well as from core cities to more peripheral ones. Cities with high IDI values are mainly concentrated in large metropolitan areas in eastern China, whereas cities with low values tend to concentrate in poverty stricken regions in central and western China. However, the digital divide has been characterized by a reduction from 2001 to 2015. The results also show that both economic and educational factors have significant influences on the prefectural digital divide in China. During the early stages, the percentage of university students, urban residential income, and the urbanization rate were key factors. However, after 2010, the adult literacy rate and rural residential income determined the digital divide.

ACS Style

Zhouying Song; Tao Song; Yu Yang; Zhenbo Wang. Spatial–Temporal Characteristics and Determinants of Digital Divide in China: A Multivariate Spatial Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4529 .

AMA Style

Zhouying Song, Tao Song, Yu Yang, Zhenbo Wang. Spatial–Temporal Characteristics and Determinants of Digital Divide in China: A Multivariate Spatial Analysis. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4529.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhouying Song; Tao Song; Yu Yang; Zhenbo Wang. 2019. "Spatial–Temporal Characteristics and Determinants of Digital Divide in China: A Multivariate Spatial Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4529.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Numerous environmental problems have been seen due to the "high energy consumption, high pollution, high emissions" economic model in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA). The coupling coordination degree model is applied to provide a coordination of urbanization and ecological environment composite system (CUECS) value while a geographic detector is applied to explore the dominant factors controlling it. This study reached the following conclusions. (1)The CUECS types are mainly low coordination, but which generally exhibit positive evolutionary trend. The change trends can be characterized as urbanization lags followed by system equilibrium followed by ecological environmental lags. (2)The CUECS conforms to a core-edge distributional pattern that comprises plain high mountain low, inland high coastal low. Industrialization played a key role in the development of BTHUA, the landform type was the important factor controlling CUECS. (3) Social consumer goods, gross domestic product, the disposable income of urban residents (all per capita) are the core factors controlling CUECS within different spatial units. Urbanization rate, per capita social consumer goods, the proportion of tertiary industrial population are the core factors controlling CUECS during different urbanization development stages. (4)The relative impacts of urbanization and ecological environmental subsystems on CUECS are (in decreasing order of importance) population urbanization, economic urbanization, social urbanization, ecological environment subsystem. Therefore, green urbanization remains the primary path for sustainable development within the urban agglomeration. It is unsuitable for rapid urbanization development model in the mountainous areas that encapsulate ecological and environmental security as their main functions, so the government urgently needs to amend its 'one size fits all' policy system.

ACS Style

Zhenbo Wang; Longwu Liang; Zhan Sun; Xinming Wang. Spatiotemporal differentiation and the factors influencing urbanization and ecological environment synergistic effects within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 243, 227 -239.

AMA Style

Zhenbo Wang, Longwu Liang, Zhan Sun, Xinming Wang. Spatiotemporal differentiation and the factors influencing urbanization and ecological environment synergistic effects within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 243 ():227-239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenbo Wang; Longwu Liang; Zhan Sun; Xinming Wang. 2019. "Spatiotemporal differentiation and the factors influencing urbanization and ecological environment synergistic effects within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration." Journal of Environmental Management 243, no. : 227-239.

Articles
Published: 02 January 2019 in Ecosystem Health and Sustainability
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Based on economic-social-resource-environment perspective which people’s welfare was considered compared with the traditional perspective, using the Super-SBM-Undesirable and projection pursuit model which effectively avoid the value error caused by weight difference, Coefficient of variation, Moran index, spatial econometric model to measure, analysis the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of green economy efficiency(GRE) of 26 Cities in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration from 2005 to 2015.The results show the following: Corrected GRE is markedly lower than conventional efficiency, Conventional green economic efficiency exaggerates the achievements of green development. GRE has changed in clear stages overall, falling continuously between 2005 and 2010, while tending to remain stable and showing signs of picking up slightly between 2010 and 2015. An overall spatial pattern has emerged of lower efficiency in the east and higher efficiency in the west, and exist clear signs of spatial agglomeration. The spatial Dubin model has a better fitting effect. Influencing factors ranked according to the intensity of their direct effect on local green economic efficiency are as follows: proportion of tertiary industry > level of urbanization > level of education > scientific and technological innovation > degree of economic openness > government administration. Influencing factors ranked according to their spatial spillover effects on nearby areas are as follows: proportion of tertiary industry > level of education > scientific and technological innovation > degree of economic openness. The impact of the level of economic development and the proportion of the secondary industry structure is not significant.

ACS Style

Zhenbo Wang; Xinming Wang; Longwu Liang. Green economic efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta: spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2019, 5, 20 -35.

AMA Style

Zhenbo Wang, Xinming Wang, Longwu Liang. Green economic efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta: spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. 2019; 5 (1):20-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenbo Wang; Xinming Wang; Longwu Liang. 2019. "Green economic efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta: spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 5, no. 1: 20-35.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2018 in Sustainability
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The Chinese government is undergoing a major reform. The current core task of new Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) is to establish a national territorial spatial planning system (NTSPS). Urban agglomeration has become a main body in NTSPS. China’s new urbanization strategy identified 19 key development areas of urban agglomerations (UA), but the land development path is not clear. Due to the lack of research on the land development intensity evaluation (LDIE) of urban agglomerations, this study applied a GIS-based, multi-criteria method for LDIE to the Shandong Peninsular urban agglomeration (SPUA). Evaluation indices were determined for three factors (development intensity, supporting capacity, and utilization efficiency) that comprise the discriminant model of the three-dimensional matrix method, which was used to establish the method for this topic and demonstrate the accuracy of the land spatial development intensity. This empirical study on the SPUA indicated that, overall, the average indices for development intensity, supporting capacity, and utilization efficiency in the study area are 0.40, 0.34, and 0.55, respectively. Using the three-dimensional matrix discrimination model, three zones of development intensity were identified: key, stable, and restricted development zones. The threshold values for construction land growth in the eight cities of the SPUA were obtained. The findings provide a theoretical reference and guide for the practical application of LDIE as well as a scientific basis for sustainable land development and utilization.

ACS Style

Zhenbo Wang. Land Spatial Development Based on Carrying Capacity, Land Development Potential, and Efficiency of Urban Agglomerations in China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4701 .

AMA Style

Zhenbo Wang. Land Spatial Development Based on Carrying Capacity, Land Development Potential, and Efficiency of Urban Agglomerations in China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenbo Wang. 2018. "Land Spatial Development Based on Carrying Capacity, Land Development Potential, and Efficiency of Urban Agglomerations in China." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4701.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2018 in Catalysts
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Cyanobacterial blooms can cause serious damage to aquatic ecosystems. However, we have demonstrated that typical algae-blooming species Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) combined with photocatalysts could synergistically facilitate the photodecontamination of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and Cr(VI). In this study, for the first time, harmful algae were successfully converted into photoreactive bionano hybrid materials by immobilizing M. aeruginosa cells onto polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-TiO2/Ag hybrid nanofibers, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated. The addition of M. aeruginosa significantly improved the photodecontamination, and the reaction rate constant (k) values of TC and Cr(VI) degradation by M. aeruginosa-PAN/TiO2/Ag nanofiber mats were 2.4 and 1.5-fold higher than that of bare PAN/TiO2/Ag nanofiber. Photoreaction caused damage to algae cells, but no microcystin was found that had been photodegraded simultaneously. The effects of various active species were also investigated, and the photodegradation mechanism was proposed. Recycling tests revealed that this flexible M. aeruginosa-PAN/TiO2/Ag hybrid mat had potential application in the removal of mixed organic and inorganic pollutants with high efficiency and without secondary pollutants. Thus, harmful algae blooms could serve as an efficient materials to remove toxic pollutants in a sustainable way under visible light irradiation.

ACS Style

Lei Wang; Changbo Zhang; Rong Cheng; Jafar Ali; Zhenbo Wang; Gilles Mailhot; Gang Pan. Microcystis aeruginosa Synergistically Facilitate the Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Cr(VI) on PAN/TiO2/Ag Nanofiber Mats. Catalysts 2018, 8, 628 .

AMA Style

Lei Wang, Changbo Zhang, Rong Cheng, Jafar Ali, Zhenbo Wang, Gilles Mailhot, Gang Pan. Microcystis aeruginosa Synergistically Facilitate the Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Cr(VI) on PAN/TiO2/Ag Nanofiber Mats. Catalysts. 2018; 8 (12):628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Wang; Changbo Zhang; Rong Cheng; Jafar Ali; Zhenbo Wang; Gilles Mailhot; Gang Pan. 2018. "Microcystis aeruginosa Synergistically Facilitate the Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Cr(VI) on PAN/TiO2/Ag Nanofiber Mats." Catalysts 8, no. 12: 628.