A comparative study of the experimental results of the properties concrete with variable percentage of ratios natural fiber with Concrete. The Bamboo was used in structural element like supports, columns, roofs etc. and in the construction of the building. For the construction work concrete is used as the basic materials. The concrete is strong in compression but fragile in the tensile strength. It has become involved in making concrete using natural materials. Bamboo fibre with high tensile strength is expected to contribute significantly to quick growth, large growth distribution and low-cost earthquake-resistant construction and seismic retrofit skill. This thesis explores the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete made of bamboo fibre. In order to study the basic concrete properties such as compressive power, split tensile strength, this research was carried out to study the basic concrete properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and Flexural strength by adding in volume of concrete at 0%, 0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0% and 2.5% with concrete and finally the results were compared with conventional concrete and bamboo fiber concrete.

Fire presents a significant danger to the survival of the building and inhabitants, adverse effects at the structural level. In view of this, several researchers have measured the fire efficiency and behavioural characteristics of concrete under varying temperatures. Using indirect measures such, water permeability, as chloride ion permeability absorption and sorptivity, the resilience of concrete after fire exposure is assessed. In most previous literature, residual mechanical properties mentioned may be overvalued, where cooling was typically employed. Proper assessment of concrete fire resistance requires more experimental data found under different cooling environments, such as water spraying or water quenching. Design considerations and analytical methods are provided to determine the reaction of reinforced concrete structures to elevated-temperature settings. Related studies in which reinforced concrete structural components have being exposed to cyclic loading. The purpose of this review is to provide a description of the elevated temperature characteristics of the performance of concrete ingredients and structures. The impacts of high temperatures on high-strength concrete materials are observed and their quality is compared to standard concrete strength.

This study attempts a detailed assessment of the quality of groundwater in the coastal region of Trivandrum District, Kerala where groundwater is the main source of drinking water. Forty groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The collected samples were analyzed for physical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total hardness, along with chemical properties, including major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₃⁻). The analysis of groundwater quality reveals significant spatial and seasonal variations caused by both natural and manmade influences. Water Quality Index (WQI), hydrogeochemical plots, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to analyses the data. The results show that Vakkom, Kazhakottam, Veli-Attipara, and Pozhiyoor show significant deterioration, and areas such as Varkala, Ayroor, and Edava generally maintain good water quality. The Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment indicates that approximately 22.5% of the studied area falls under excellent quality, while 17.5% is classified as poor. The WHO standard and BSI standards were used to derive the WQI. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and total hardness as the primary factors affecting groundwater quality, explaining 65.17% and 61.03% of the total variance in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Hydrochemical plots collaborate these results, emphasize the influence of rock-water interactions as the main geochemical process, further compounded by pollution from agricultural runoff and urban development. These findings highlight the need for sustainable groundwater management strategies in coastal communities. Effective measures, including pollution mitigation, sustainable agricultural practice, proper waste management, and preservation of freshwater ecosystems, are essential for ensuring the sustainability of groundwater resources.

Sustainable building technology is a new approach adopted in built environment, which is focused on significantly reducing impact of the construction industry on the environment. Moreover, the world is largely driving development of sustainable and smart products to mitigate global pollution issues. In this study, assessment of the impacts of using alternative constituents such as crumb rubber, coconut shell, recycled aggregate, GGBS, human hair, banana fiber, industrial sludge, saw dust, rice husk, wood waste, textile, copper slag, textile, glass powder, plastic etc., on concrete strength development using case studies has been performed. The paper explores the research work carried out towards sustainable approach in replacement of basic composition of concrete. It focuses on various waste materials used as a substitute options in concrete and characteristic strength development along with potential challenges. Leading researches relating to sustainable materials were also explored. The results show that the alternative aggregates, mostly with minimally usage of about 20% increased the compressive strength properties of concrete. Usage of fibres to about increased the flexural property of concrete and the replacement of waste sludge didn’t show appreciable increased of compressive strength.

The growing population of the world demands the massive concrete production, which resonances the environmental impact by consuming a large number of natural resources. To reduce the let-downs occurring in the concrete, estimation of Strength of concrete is needed. The ratio and combination of mineral admixtures will find out the strength parameters of concrete such as tensile strength and compressive strength of the concrete revealed the Bayesian Regularized and Levenberg-Marquardt approach in Artificial Neural Networks. The comparison of these two ANN models for estimating the compressive and tensile strength of massive concrete is performed to show a novel approach. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm furnished the more accurate results among the two algorithms also the estimated values are very nearer to the predicted data.

Climate change is a significant threat to ecosystems and communities, and challenges global sustainability; therefore, more research on climate change adaptations should be conducted. This scientometric study presents databases on global trends in academic research, specific contributions, and thematic evolution of environmental adaptations to climate change. Using the Scopus database of publications, this study focuses on publications between 2009 (January) and 2024 (August), with an emphasis on the interpretation of primary research interests, authors, contributions from countries, and collaborative networks. According to the findings, there has been a shift in focus to more adaptive management in agricultural and biological diversity practices, with more emphasis on the integration of ecological, technological, and social science disciplines. This work also reveals that countries have gaps in regional research, especially in developing countries, and highlights the need to work collectively across the globe. Through citation analysis, thematic evolution, and future research recommendations, this study enriches the knowledge of the line of research on environmental adaptation and underlines its significance in addressing climate change effects.