Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been carboxylated and then immobilized with glucose oxidase (GOx) by amine coupling through EDC-NHS chemistry. These functionalized MWCNTs have been introduced into polyaniline matrix by electrochemical method. The different involved steps have been characterized with molecular and electronic spectroscopy. Prepared thin films preserved the enzymatic activity of GOx and their average electrical conductivity was measured as 3.78 × 10⁻¹ S cm⁻¹. Observed response time was 5 s and a linear pattern of current vs. concentration was recorded for 0.5–22 mM glucose.

Chemically synthesized poly(aniline-co-fluoroaniline) [poly(An-FAn)] powder were deposited on platinum substrates using thermal evaporation technique [poly(An-FAn)/vac]. These films were characterized using spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Electrical conductivity and molecular weight of copolymer have been measured. Results revealed that the structure of poly(An-FAn) is maintained during thermal evaporation. The response of poly(An-FAn)/vac films in terms of change in resistance with different concentration of ammonia shows its utility as a sensor material. The films show good response for ammonia. The sensing of 50 ppm of ammonia was achieved with response and recovery time of 13 and 80 seconds, respectively.