Under China’s distinct policy-driven agglomeration approach, the Chinese industrial park displays a low degree of industrial relevance and weak cooperation among enterprises in the park. The key to solving this problem lies in the guiding role of the park management committee. Accordingly, this study constructs a trilateral evolutionary game model of interenterprise cooperative innovation inside the industrial park under the supervision of the park management committee, leadership of the core enterprises, and with the participation of the small- and medium-sized enterprises. Through simulation analysis, this study explores the influencing factors behind the trilateral cooperative innovation strategy choices. Results show that (1) the park management committee, core enterprises, and small- and medium-sized enterprises have different degrees of influence on each other’s willingness to participate in cooperative innovation; (2) small- and medium-sized enterprises are sensitive to the management committee’s policy support, and core enterprises are sensitive to the management committee’s financial support; (3) core enterprises are more sensitive to penalties and income distribution than small- and medium-sized enterprises; (4) the degree of resource complementarity and trust among enterprises has a profound effect on core enterprises and small- and medium-sized enterprises’ willingness to participate in cooperative innovation.

Small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) establish asymmetric research and development (R&D) alliance with core enterprises to improve innovation efficiency. Unfortunately, the gap in the status and bargaining power between enterprises in such partnerships makes the intellectual property risk situation complicated. While gaining support and assistance from core enterprises, SMEs face the risk of exposing their core knowledge and key resources, which seriously affects the stability of R&D alliance and the sustainability of cooperative innovation. How to protect the intellectual property rights of SMEs in the asymmetric R&D alliance and improve the alliance’s stability is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the theory of resource dependence and transaction cost, this study uses 260 high‐tech companies participating in the asymmetric R&D alliance as a sample to conduct empirical research from the perspective of SMEs in a weak position. The purpose of this study is to sort out the types of intellectual property risks in the alliance and clarify the relationship between them and the stability of asymmetric R&D alliance. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating effects of contract governance mechanisms and relational contracts to explore effective governance mechanisms at the alliance level. Empirical results show that the intellectual property investment risk and the intellectual property loss risk have a significant negative impact on the stability of asymmetric R&D alliance. The contract governance mechanism negatively moderates the impact of intellectual property investment risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance. The relationship governance mechanism negatively moderates the impact of intellectual property loss risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance. The contract and relationship governance mechanism jointly negatively moderate the impact of intellectual property investment risk and loss risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance.

Tuckman's model describes the five stages of group development. Each stage has its own characteristics and it should be managed according to the features. The model has been widely used in various of organizations. We apply Tuckman's model to the community non-governmental organization with the specific situation of China. And then we obtain some better results and form the method of operation. This paper sums up the practical experience from using the model to the non-governmental organization in order to provide a reference for other community group development.

Industrial parks are an essential component of China’s reformation and opening, and they are the focus of sustainable economic and social development. However, in the process of further high-quality development, the relevant authorities have taken different approaches on whether to divest the social management functions of the parks, which introduces a dilemma of choice in reforming the management functions of these parks. This paper takes a comprehensive list of the hospitals providing public services in industrial parks as the representative subjects to clarify the factors influencing the selection of social management functions in industrial parks and the process in which they perform their roles. We also construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of the government, the industrial parks, and the hospitals and discuss the management functions of reform in industrial parks. The results show the following: (1) the selection of social management functions in industrial parks is an evolutionary game process of the government, park, and hospital under bounded rationality; (2) whether the government divests the park’s administrative authority over the hospital is affected by the cost of the government running the hospital and the additional benefits of the hospital’s participation in the business environment co-creation; (3) whether the industrial park provides high subsidies to the hospital is affected by its reputation benefit and subsidy cost; (4) whether the hospital participates in business environment co-creation is affected by additional benefits, subsidies, and its participation cost. When considering whether the local government should strip the social management function of the park over the hospital, it is not possible to simply “choose one of the two” or adopt a “one-size-fits-all” approach. Instead, attention should be paid to the factors influencing the choice of the main behaviors of all parties, the allocation of resources from the overall perspective of regional economic and social development, and jointly improving the business environment to achieve win–win results among all parties.

Based on the analysis of the importance of the soft environment, this paper divides the soft environment of the industrial park into four types which are industrial matching, life services, park wisdom and park culture according to its function and effect. Then the paper elaborates the connotation and features of each type of the soft environment. Finally, with the understanding of the problems of the soft environment, the paper provides some optimization strategies.