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The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT) has been widely used since its creation in 1974. The WAT involves performing a 30 s “all-out” cycling test. The test is currently applied with some modifications, partly due to the evolution of the material used to perform it. The purpose of this text is to act as a guide for the correct use and application of the test, as well as to highlight the importance of controlling many of the variables that may influence its results. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PUBMED/MEDLINE and Web of Science with different combinations of keywords all related to the WAT to obtain a search of 113 papers. Results and discussion: It was observed that variables such as the duration of the test or the resistance used in the cycle ergometer must be adjusted according to the objective and the population evaluated, while others such as the warm-up or the supplementation of different substances can improve performance on the WAT. Conclusions: In order to apply the WAT correctly, variables such as duration, resistance used or warm-up time and intensity must be adjusted according to the evaluated subjects and the aim of the study. Other variables such as position on the bike or equipment used should also be controlled if we want to guarantee its replicability.
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro. The Wingate Anaerobic Test, a Narrative Review of the Protocol Variables That Affect the Results Obtained. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7417 .
AMA StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro. The Wingate Anaerobic Test, a Narrative Review of the Protocol Variables That Affect the Results Obtained. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (16):7417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro. 2021. "The Wingate Anaerobic Test, a Narrative Review of the Protocol Variables That Affect the Results Obtained." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16: 7417.
Due to the high metabolic and physical demands in single-stage one-day ultra-trail (SOUT) races, athletes should be properly prepared in both physical and nutritional aspects in order to delay fatigue and avoid associated difficulties. However, high carbohydrate (CHO) intake would seem to increase gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The main purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate CHO intake during SOUT events as well as its relationship with fatigue (in terms of internal exercise load, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and post-exercise recovery) and GI problems. A structured search was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in the following: Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases up to 16 March 2021. After conducting the search and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, eight articles in total were included in this systematic review, in all of which CHO intake involved gels, energy bars and sports drinks. Two studies associated higher CHO consumption (120 g/h) with an improvement in internal exercise load. Likewise, these studies observed that SOUT runners whose intake was 120 g/h could benefit by limiting the EIMD observed by CK (creatine kinase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and GOT (aspartate aminotransferase), and also improve recovery of high intensity running capacity 24 h after a trail marathon. In six studies, athletes had GI symptoms between 65–82%. In summary, most of the runners did not meet CHO intake standard recommendations for SOUT events (90 g/h), while athletes who consumed more CHO experienced a reduction in internal exercise load, limited EIMD and improvement in post-exercise recovery. Conversely, the GI symptoms were recurrent in SOUT athletes depending on altitude, environmental conditions and running speed. Therefore, a high CHO intake during SOUT events is important to delay fatigue and avoid GI complications, and to ensure high intake, it is necessary to implement intestinal training protocols.
Soledad Arribalzaga; Aitor Viribay; Julio Calleja-González; Diego Fernández-Lázaro; Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5737 .
AMA StyleSoledad Arribalzaga, Aitor Viribay, Julio Calleja-González, Diego Fernández-Lázaro, Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5737.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoledad Arribalzaga; Aitor Viribay; Julio Calleja-González; Diego Fernández-Lázaro; Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. 2021. "Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5737.
Stand-up paddleboarding (SUP) is an increasingly popular sport but, as in other sports, there is an injury ratio associated with practicing it. In other types of sport, some factors have been linked to the likelihood of suffering an injury, among which stretching, core training and resistance training may be considered the most significant. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the training factors that could influence injuries suffered by participants in international SUP competitions. Ninety-seven questionnaires were collected from paddlers who participated in an international SUP circuit, with epidemiological data being gathered about injuries and different questions related to the training undertaken. A multi-factor ANOVA test was used to identify the factors which influence the state of injury. Results showed that almost 60% of injuries occurred in the arms or in the upper thoracic region, around 65% of which were in tendons or muscles and, in almost half of cases, were related to overuse. Likewise, the results showed that athletes with injury performed fewer resistance training sessions per week (p = 0.028), over fewer months per year (p = 0.001), more weekly training sessions (p = 0.004) and, lastly, a greater volume of weekly training (p = 0.003) than athletes without injury. Moreover, the most important training factors that reduce the likelihood of suffering an injury were taken into account-in. particular, resistance training alone (p = 0.011) or together with CORE training (p = 0.006) or stretching (p = 0.012), and the dominant side of paddling (p = 0.032). In conclusion, resistance training would seem to reduce the likelihood of injury among SUP practitioners, and such benefits could be obtained by resistance training alone or in combination with CORE training or stretching.
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Julio Calleja-González; Aitor Viribay; Diego Fernández-Lázaro; Patxi León-Guereño; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. Relationship Between Training Factors and Injuries in Stand-Up Paddleboarding Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 880 .
AMA StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Julio Calleja-González, Aitor Viribay, Diego Fernández-Lázaro, Patxi León-Guereño, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. Relationship Between Training Factors and Injuries in Stand-Up Paddleboarding Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Julio Calleja-González; Aitor Viribay; Diego Fernández-Lázaro; Patxi León-Guereño; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. 2021. "Relationship Between Training Factors and Injuries in Stand-Up Paddleboarding Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 880.
Background: The lockdown and social distancing caused by COVID-19 may influence common health behavior. The unprecedent worldwide confinement, in which Spain has been one of the most affected—with severe rules governing confinement—may have changed physical activity (PA) and sedentary habits due to prolonged stays at home. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate how self-reported PA and sedentary time (ST) have changed during confinement in the Spanish population. Methods: 3800 healthy adults (age 18–64 years) residing in Spain answered the international physical activity questionnaire short (IPAQ-S) twice between 23 March and 1 April (confinement). Data analysis was carried out taking into consideration meeting general PA recommendations before confinement, age and gender. Results: Self-reported PA decreased significantly during confinement in our sample. Vigorous physical activities (VPA) and walking time decreased by 16.8% (p < 0.001) and 58.2% (p < 0.001), respectively, whereas ST increased by 23.8% (p < 0.001). The percent of people fulfilling the 75 min/week of VPA recommendation decreased by 10.7% (p < 0.001) while the percent of people who reached 150 min/week of moderate activity barely changed (1.4%). The group that performed the most VPA before confinement showed the greatest decrease (30.5%, p < 0.001). Men reduced time in VPA more than women (21% vs 9%, respectively) who even increased time in moderate PA by 11% (p < 0.05) and reported less increase in ST than men (35% vs 25.3%, respectively). Conclusion: The Spanish adult population, especially young people, students and very active men, decreased daily self-reported PA and increased ST during COVID-19 confinement.
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri; Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría; Aitor Coca. Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6878 .
AMA StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri, Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría, Aitor Coca. Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6878.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri; Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría; Aitor Coca. 2020. "Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6878.
The market for mass sports events geared towards adults is already saturated, while more new initiatives are exclusively targeting children and adolescents. Mass sports events for amateur athletes can be a great way to encourage young people to exercise regularly, such as in cases where physical education classes do not fully play this role. A lot of research has already been conducted on the subject of adult motivation for participating in amateur sports events, i.e., marathons, ultramarathons, duathlons or triathlons. However, the research niche is children and adolescents’ motivation. The aim of this study is to recognize motivation among children aged 12 for participating in children’s running events in Poland. The study was conducted via a diagnostic survey using the Motives for Physical Activity Measure–Revised (MPAM-R) scale to determine what motivation is most important for young athletes and whether there are any differences in terms of gender. The highest values were obtained by motivation related to fun and enjoyment during sporting events, while the lowest values were obtained by motivation related to social affiliation. Aspects associated with good fun should be promoted during activities related to the marketing of sporting events for young people. This article contains the results obtained from the Poznan Half Marathon pilot study and recommendations for future lines of research. Such results will allow us to understand the motivation behind modern young amateur athletes and to better manage mass sports events that target children and adolescents.
Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Patxi León Guereño. On the Way to the Marathon—Motivation for Participating in Mass Running Events Among Children and Adolescents: Results of the Poznan Half Marathon Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5098 .
AMA StyleEwa Malchrowicz-Mośko, Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Patxi León Guereño. On the Way to the Marathon—Motivation for Participating in Mass Running Events Among Children and Adolescents: Results of the Poznan Half Marathon Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (14):5098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Malchrowicz-Mośko; Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Patxi León Guereño. 2020. "On the Way to the Marathon—Motivation for Participating in Mass Running Events Among Children and Adolescents: Results of the Poznan Half Marathon Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5098.
Background: Current carbohydrate (CHO) intake recommendations for ultra-trail activities lasting more than 2.5 h is 90 g/h. However, the benefits of ingesting 120 g/h during a mountain marathon in terms of post-exercise muscle damage have been recently demonstrated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of 120 g/h CHO intake with the recommendations (90 g/h) and the usual intake for ultra-endurance athletes (60 g/h) during a mountain marathon on internal exercise load, and post-exercise neuromuscular function and recovery of high intensity run capacity. Methods: Twenty-six elite trail-runners were randomly distributed into three groups: LOW (60 g/h), MED (90 g/h) and HIGH (120 g/h), according to CHO intake during a 4000-m cumulative slope mountain marathon. Runners were measured using the Abalakov Jump test, a maximum a half-squat test and an aerobic power-capacity test at baseline (T1) and 24 h after completing the race (T2). Results: Changes in Abalakov jump time (ABKJT), Abalakov jump height (ABKH), half-squat test 1 repetition maximum (HST1RM) between T1 and T2 showed significant differences by Wilcoxon signed rank test only in LOW and MED (p < 0.05), but not in the HIGH group (p > 0.05). Internal load was significantly lower in the HIGH group (p = 0.017) regarding LOW and MED by Mann Whitney u test. A significantly lower change during the study in ABKJT (p = 0.038), ABKH (p = 0.038) HST1RM (p = 0.041) and in terms of fatigue (p = 0.018) and lactate (p = 0.012) within the aerobic power-capacity test was presented in HIGH relative to LOW and MED. Conclusions: 120 g/h CHO intake during a mountain marathon might limit neuromuscular fatigue and improve recovery of high intensity run capacity 24 h after a physiologically challenging event when compared to 90 g/h and 60 g/h.
Aritz Urdampilleta; Soledad Arribalzaga; Aitor Viribay; Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Jesús Seco-Calvo; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. Effects of 120 vs. 60 and 90 g/h Carbohydrate Intake during a Trail Marathon on Neuromuscular Function and High Intensity Run Capacity Recovery. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2094 .
AMA StyleAritz Urdampilleta, Soledad Arribalzaga, Aitor Viribay, Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Jesús Seco-Calvo, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. Effects of 120 vs. 60 and 90 g/h Carbohydrate Intake during a Trail Marathon on Neuromuscular Function and High Intensity Run Capacity Recovery. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (7):2094.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAritz Urdampilleta; Soledad Arribalzaga; Aitor Viribay; Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Jesús Seco-Calvo; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. 2020. "Effects of 120 vs. 60 and 90 g/h Carbohydrate Intake during a Trail Marathon on Neuromuscular Function and High Intensity Run Capacity Recovery." Nutrients 12, no. 7: 2094.
Background: Due to the importance of energy efficiency and economy in endurance performance, it is important to know the influence of different paddling cadences on these variables in the stand-up paddleboarding (SUP). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of paddling at different cadences on the energy efficiency, economy, and physiological variables of international SUP race competitors. Methods: Ten male paddlers (age 28.8 ± 11.0 years; height 175.4 ± 5.1 m; body mass 74.2 ± 9.4 kg) participating in international tests carried out two test sessions. In the first one, an incremental exercise test was conducted to assess maximal oxygen uptake and peak power output (PPO). On the second day, they underwent 3 trials of 8 min each at 75% of PPO reached in the first test session. Three cadences were carried out in different trials randomly assigned between 45–55 and 65 strokes-min−1 (spm). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate, perceived sense of exertion (RPE), gross efficiency, economy, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured in the middle (4-min) and the end (8-min) of each trial. Results: Economy (45.3 ± 5.7 KJ·l−1 at 45 spm vs. 38.1 ± 5.3 KJ·l−1 at 65 spm; p = 0.010) and gross efficiency (13.4 ± 2.3% at 45 spm vs. 11.0 ± 1.6% at 65 spm; p = 0.012) was higher during de 45 spm condition than 65 spm in the 8-min. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) presented a lower value at 4-min than at 8-min in 55 spm (4-min, 0.950 ± 0.065 vs. 8-min, 0.964 ± 0.053) and 65 spm cadences (4-min, 0.951 ± 0.030 vs. 8-min, 0.992 ± 0.047; p < 0.05). VO2, HR, lactate, and RPE were lower (p < 0.05) at 45 spm (VO2, 34.4 ± 6.0 mL·kg−1·min−1; HR, 161.2 ± 16.4 beats·min−1; lactate, 3.5 ± 1.0 mmol·l−1; RPE, 6.0 ± 2.1) than at 55 spm (VO2, 38.6 ± 5.2 mL·kg−1·min−1; HR, 168.1 ± 15.1 beats·min−1; lactate, 4.2 ± 1.2 mmol·l−1; RPE, 6.9 ± 1.4) and 65 spm (VO2, 38.7 ± 5.9 mL·kg−1·min−1; HR, 170.7 ± 13.0 beats·min−1; 5.3 ± 1.8 mmol·l−1; RPE, 7.6 ± 1.4) at 8-min. Moreover, lactate and RPE at 65 spm was greater than 55 spm (p < 0.05) at 8-min. Conclusion: International male SUP paddlers were most efficient and economical when paddling at 45 spm vs. 55 or 65 spm, confirmed by lower RPE values, which may likely translate to faster paddling speed and greater endurance.
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Jordan Santos-Concejero; Aitor Viribay; Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. The Effect of Different Cadence on Paddling Gross Efficiency and Economy in Stand-Up Paddle Boarding. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4893 .
AMA StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Jordan Santos-Concejero, Aitor Viribay, Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. The Effect of Different Cadence on Paddling Gross Efficiency and Economy in Stand-Up Paddle Boarding. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (13):4893.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Jordan Santos-Concejero; Aitor Viribay; Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. 2020. "The Effect of Different Cadence on Paddling Gross Efficiency and Economy in Stand-Up Paddle Boarding." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13: 4893.
Background: There are many athletes who like to listen to music while making a high intensity effort. However, research into the effects of listening to music on athletic performance has provided controversial results, and it is suggested that the timing and type of music might affect the anaerobic performance response. Purpose: The main aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects while listening to music tasks via the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) on absolute performance and relative peak power (APP and RPP), absolute and relative mean power (AMP and RMP), and fatigue index (FI). Methods: PRISMA guidelines were used as a basis for conducting this systematic review, with inclusion criteria being set out according to the PICOS model. Computer-based literature research was undertaken until 10 March 2020 using the following online databases: PubMed/Medline, WOS, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The literature was reviewed with regard to the effects of listening to music on the WAnT using several music variables on: APP, RPP, AMP, RMP and FI. Hedges’ g formula was used to calculate both standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, in order to establish continuous outcomes. Furthermore, the I2 statistic evaluated systematic differences (heterogeneity) together with a random effect meta-analysis model. Results: This systematic review included nine articles that researched into the effects of music on WAnT performance (six studies describe improvements in APP and/or RPP, four in AMP and/or RMP and three in FI). The random effects model was used to undertake a final meta-analysis, with standardized mean differences (SMD) and magnitude of standardized mean differences (MSMD) (Hedges’ g) being pooled accordingly. The resulting meta-analysis incorporated eight studies that had been previously published, with results showing that there were no apparent beneficial effects on APP (p = 0.09), AMP (p = 0.33) and FI (p = 0.46) as a consequence of listening to music. However, listening to music showed beneficial effects on RPP (SMD: 0.65; 95%: CI 0.35 to 0.96; MSMD: moderate; I2, 0%; p < 0.001) and RMP (SMD: 1.03; 95%: CI, 0.63 to 1.42; MSMD: trivial; I2, 0%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that listening to music during the WAnT might physiologically enhance relative anaerobic exercise performance, although reasons remain speculative.
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Diego Marqués-Jiménez; Julio Calleja-González; Aitor Viribay; Patxi León-Guereño; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4564 .
AMA StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Diego Marqués-Jiménez, Julio Calleja-González, Aitor Viribay, Patxi León-Guereño, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):4564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Diego Marqués-Jiménez; Julio Calleja-González; Aitor Viribay; Patxi León-Guereño; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. 2020. "Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4564.
Background—exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and internal exercise load are increased after competing in ultraendurance events such as mountain marathons. Adequate carbohydrate (CHO) intake during exercise optimizes athletic performance and could limit EIMD, reduce internal exercise load and, thus, improve recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to research into and compare the effects of high CHO intake (120 g/h) in terms of CHO intake recommendation (90 g/h) and regular CHO intake performed by ultraendurance athletes (60 g/h) during a mountain marathon, on exercise load and EIMD markers (creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), urea and creatinine). Materials and Methods—a randomized trial was carried out on 20 male elite runners who had previously undertaken nutritional and gut training, and who consumed different CHO dosages according to experimental (EXP—120 g/h), control (CON—90 g/h) and low CHO intake (LOW—60 g/h) groups during a ~4000 m cumulative slope mountain marathon. EIMD markers were analyzed before the race and 24 h afterwards. Internal exercise load was calculated based on rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during and after the marathon event. Results—internal exercise load during the mountain marathon was significantly lower (p = 0.019; η2p = 0.471) in EXP (3805 ± 281 AU) compared to LOW (4688 ± 705 AU) and CON (4692 ± 716 AU). Moreover, results revealed that the EXP group evidenced significantly lower CK (p = 0.019; η2p = 0.373), LDH (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.615) and GOT (p = 0.003; η2p = 0.500) values 24 h after the mountain marathon race compared to LOW and CON. Along these lines, EIMD and exercise load evidenced a close correlation (R = 0.742; p < 0.001). Conclusion: High CHO intake (120 g/h) during a mountain marathon could limit the EIMD observed by CK, LDH and GOT and internal exercise load compared to CHO ingestion of 60 and 90 g/h.
Aitor Viribay; Soledad Arribalzaga; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso; Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Jesús Seco-Calvo; Aritz Urdampilleta. Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1367 .
AMA StyleAitor Viribay, Soledad Arribalzaga, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Jesús Seco-Calvo, Aritz Urdampilleta. Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (5):1367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAitor Viribay; Soledad Arribalzaga; Juan Mielgo-Ayuso; Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Jesús Seco-Calvo; Aritz Urdampilleta. 2020. "Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners." Nutrients 12, no. 5: 1367.
Background The lockdown and social distancing caused by COVID-19 may influence common healthy behaviour. Due to the unprecedent worldwide confinement in which Spain has been one of the most affected with severe rules governing confinement, physical activity and sedentarism may change due to prolonged stays at home. The aim of this study is to evaluate how physical activity and sedentary time have changed during confinement in the Spanish population. Methods 3800 healthy adults (age ≥ 18 - ≤64 years) residing in Spain were asked during confinement. Sociodemographic data and self-reported physical activity data were collected twice by an International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short (IPAQ-S) between 23rd March and 1st April, and the analysis was carried out considering the achievement of general physical activity recommendations, different age ranges and baseline physical activity levels. Results Physical activity decreased significantly during confinement in all population. Vigorous activities and walking time decreased by 16.8% (p-value > 0.001) and 58.2% (p-value > 0.001) respectively, whereas sedentary time increased by 23.8% (p-value > 0.001). The fulfilment of 75 min/week of vigorous activity recommendation decreased by 10.7% (p-value < 0.001) while the amount of people who reached to 150 min/week of moderate activity barely changed (1.4%, (p-value 0.117)). The group that performed more vigorous physical activities before confinement showed the greatest decrease (30.5%, p-value > 0.001). Men reduced more the time in vigorous activity than women (21% vs 9%, respectively) who even increased time in moderate physical activity by 11% (p-value < 0.05) and showed less increase in sitting time than men (35% vs 25.3%, respectively). Young people and students showed the highest decrease in all physical activities. Conclusions The Spanish adult population, especially young people, students and very active men, decreased daily physical activity and increased sedentary time during COVID-19 confinement.
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri; Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaria; Aitor Coca. Impact of COVID-19 confinement on the time and intensity of physical activity in the Spanish population. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri, Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaria, Aitor Coca. Impact of COVID-19 confinement on the time and intensity of physical activity in the Spanish population. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArkaitz Castañeda-Babarro; Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri; Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaria; Aitor Coca. 2020. "Impact of COVID-19 confinement on the time and intensity of physical activity in the Spanish population." , no. : 1.