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Virender K. Sharma
Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., 1266, TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

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Journal article
Published: 17 August 2021 in Chemosphere
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The occurrence of phenoxy herbicides is a financial and regulatory concern for drinking water treatment plants. This paper presents a new method of quantification for nine phenoxy-acids and bentazon in different water samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method is based on an automated solid phase extraction (SPE) process that applied hydrophilic modified polystyrene and divinylbenzene cartridges at low pH (<2.0). Main advantages of the presented method include the reduced consumption of organic solvent in extraction and the fully automated sample pre-concentration. The method is thus more environmentally-friendly. In the quantification step, five stable isotopically labelled analogues were used as internal standards to account for the losses during sample preparation and to calibrate the ion source response under the mass spectrometric detection. The method was optimized in terms of sample preparation and subsequent LC-MS/MS separation to obtain reliable measurement of the analyte concentration during real sample analysis. The method quantification limit was between 1.5 and 10.0 ng/L for target compounds in surface water and groundwater samples. The method was validated at three fortification levels between 10.0 and 1000 ng/L, and the results showed fit-for-purpose recovery with appropriate precision at low concentration levels. The method was also utilized to analyse thirty-two actual water samples from different sources. Forty percent of the analysed samples contained detectable level of herbicides, ranging from 1.91 to 40.5 ng/L. The concentrations of targeted herbicides in our study were comparable to those found in water samples in other regions of world.

ACS Style

Ádám Tölgyesi; Gerda Korozs; Edgár Tóth; Mária Bálint; Xingmao Ma; Virender K. Sharma. Automation in quantifying phenoxy herbicides and bentazon in surface water and groundwater using novel solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 2021, 286, 131927 .

AMA Style

Ádám Tölgyesi, Gerda Korozs, Edgár Tóth, Mária Bálint, Xingmao Ma, Virender K. Sharma. Automation in quantifying phenoxy herbicides and bentazon in surface water and groundwater using novel solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere. 2021; 286 ():131927.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ádám Tölgyesi; Gerda Korozs; Edgár Tóth; Mária Bálint; Xingmao Ma; Virender K. Sharma. 2021. "Automation in quantifying phenoxy herbicides and bentazon in surface water and groundwater using novel solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry." Chemosphere 286, no. : 131927.

Review article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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This review is intended to evaluate the use of ferrate (Fe(VI)), being a green coagulant, sustainable and reactive oxidant, to remove micro pollutants especially pharmaceutical pollutants in contaminated water. After a brief description of advanced oxidation processes, fundamental dimensions regarding the nature, reactivity, and chemistry of this oxidant are summarized. The degradation of contaminants by Fe(VI) involves several mechanisms and reactive agents which are critically evaluated. The efficiency and chemistry of Fe(VI) oxidation differs according to the reaction conditions and activation agent, such as soluble Fe(VI) processes, which involve Fe(VI), UV light, and electro-Fe(VI) oxidation. Fe(VI) application methods (including single dose, multiple doses, chitosan coating etc), and Fe(VI) with activating agents (including sulfite, thiosulfate, and UV) are also described to degrade the micro pollutants. Besides, application of Fe(VI) to remove pharmaceuticals in wastewater are intensely studied. Electrochemical prepared Fe(VI) has more wide application than wet oxidation method. Meanwhile, we elaborated Fe(VI) performance, limitations, and proposed innovative aspects to improve its stability, such as the generation of Fe(III), synergetic effects, nanopores entrapment, and nanopores capsules. This study provides conclusive direction for synergetic oxidative technique to degrade the micro pollutants.

ACS Style

Afzal Ahmed Dar; Bao Pan; Jiani Qin; Qiuhui Zhu; Eric Lichtfouse; Muhammad Usman; Chuanyi Wang. Sustainable ferrate oxidation: Reaction chemistry, mechanisms and removal of pollutants in wastewater. Environmental Pollution 2021, 290, 117957 .

AMA Style

Afzal Ahmed Dar, Bao Pan, Jiani Qin, Qiuhui Zhu, Eric Lichtfouse, Muhammad Usman, Chuanyi Wang. Sustainable ferrate oxidation: Reaction chemistry, mechanisms and removal of pollutants in wastewater. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 290 ():117957.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Afzal Ahmed Dar; Bao Pan; Jiani Qin; Qiuhui Zhu; Eric Lichtfouse; Muhammad Usman; Chuanyi Wang. 2021. "Sustainable ferrate oxidation: Reaction chemistry, mechanisms and removal of pollutants in wastewater." Environmental Pollution 290, no. : 117957.

Review
Published: 10 August 2021 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy through semiconductor-based photocatalysis technology is an appealing strategy towards resolving the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues. However, the practical application of photocatalysis is impeded by its limited photocatalytic efficiency due to the intrinsic nature of photocatalysts, i.e., recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. To this end, non-centrosymmetric (NCS) based photocatalytic materials including piezoelectrics, pyroelectrics, ferroelectrics and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are attractive, which can not only convert mechanical energy and temperature fluctuation in the environment besides solar energy into secondary energy, but can also promote the separation of photogenerated charge carriers due to their built-in electric field resultant polarization, thus greatly improving their photocatalytic performance. Here, we first surveyed the recent advances in of NCS-based photocatalytic materials. Further, the correlation of their polarization-related physical properties with their photocatalytic activities and the strategies towards improving polarization of NCS materials were systematically summarized and highlighted, aiming to clarify the correlation of the improvement of polarization with the enhanced photocatalytic performance. Subsequently, the photocatalytic mechanism and multiple applications of photocatalysis in environmental remediation and energy conversion based on NCS materials were presented. Meanwhile, we discussed the remaining challenges for NCS materials and strategies for enhancing their photocatalytic efficiency. Finally, the development trend and future perspectives of NCS photocatalytic materials in environmental chemical engineering is presented.

ACS Style

Qiuhui Zhu; Ke Zhang; Danqing Li; Nan Li; Jingkun Xu; Detlef W. Bahnemann; Chuanyi Wang. Polarization-enhanced photocatalytic activity in non-centrosymmetric materials based photocatalysis: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 426, 131681 .

AMA Style

Qiuhui Zhu, Ke Zhang, Danqing Li, Nan Li, Jingkun Xu, Detlef W. Bahnemann, Chuanyi Wang. Polarization-enhanced photocatalytic activity in non-centrosymmetric materials based photocatalysis: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 426 ():131681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiuhui Zhu; Ke Zhang; Danqing Li; Nan Li; Jingkun Xu; Detlef W. Bahnemann; Chuanyi Wang. 2021. "Polarization-enhanced photocatalytic activity in non-centrosymmetric materials based photocatalysis: A review." Chemical Engineering Journal 426, no. : 131681.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
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Pt nanoparticle-loaded g-C3N4 (Pt/CN) that consisted of integrating Pt0 and Pt2+ species was prepared for selectively reducing CO2 to CH4 with H2O by thermal coupled photocatalysis. A strong electronic metal-support interaction was constructed between Pt nanoparticles and the g-C3N4 substrate, which limited the activity for CO evolution and improved the charge transfer from g-C3N4 to Pt for selective CH4 production. The formed Pt2+ species in the Pt nanoparticles completely suppress the side reaction of H2 production from reducing H2O. Moreover, a moderate heat input in the photocatalytic reaction facilitated the transfer of the photogenerated electrons from Pt nanoparticles to CO2, which further increased the photocatalytic activity for CH4 evolution. As a result, a significant enhancement of CO2 methanation performance (∼100 % selectivity, 14.8 μmol g−1 h−1) was realized on a 2 % Pt-loaded g-C3N4 photocatalyst under low intensity light-emitting diode (420 nm, on the order of solar intensity) irradiation at 125 °C.

ACS Style

Ning Sun; Yixin Zhu; Mengwei Li; Jun Zhang; Jiani Qin; Yingxuan Li; Chuanyi Wang. Thermal coupled photocatalysis over Pt/g-C3N4 for selectively reducing CO2 to CH4 via cooperation of the electronic metal–support interaction effect and the oxidation state of Pt. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2021, 298, 120565 .

AMA Style

Ning Sun, Yixin Zhu, Mengwei Li, Jun Zhang, Jiani Qin, Yingxuan Li, Chuanyi Wang. Thermal coupled photocatalysis over Pt/g-C3N4 for selectively reducing CO2 to CH4 via cooperation of the electronic metal–support interaction effect and the oxidation state of Pt. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2021; 298 ():120565.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Sun; Yixin Zhu; Mengwei Li; Jun Zhang; Jiani Qin; Yingxuan Li; Chuanyi Wang. 2021. "Thermal coupled photocatalysis over Pt/g-C3N4 for selectively reducing CO2 to CH4 via cooperation of the electronic metal–support interaction effect and the oxidation state of Pt." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 298, no. : 120565.

Research article
Published: 27 July 2021 in ACS ES&T Water
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Aliphatic amines are ubiquitously present in natural waters and constitute one of the major moieties in dissolved organic matter and water micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals. This paper presents aliphatic amine {monomethylamine (CH3NH2, MMA), dimethylamine [(CH3)2NH, DMA], and trimethylamine [(CH3)3N, TMA]}-enhanced oxidation of pharmaceuticals (trimethoprim, atenolol, carbamazepine, and sulfadiazine) by ferrate(VI) [FeVIO42–, Fe(VI)]. The magnitude of the enhancement varies with amines, and DMA shows the greatest potential to increase the level of oxidation of trimethoprim. The computational approach is applied to describe the trend of an increased level of oxidation by Fe(VI) in the presence of amines. The computation showed that an Fe(VI)/amine solution forms highly reactive FeIV species as intermediates that react with pharmaceuticals to yield enhanced oxidation. In the rate-determining step of Fe(VI) reactions with amines, TS1, the Fe(VI) is reduced and abstracts an H from N, followed by the transfer of an O atom to N to form a very stable intermediate involving a nitroxide radical. The abstracted H is then transferred back to the N-O group in TS2 to form an H-bonded product complex, which dissociates to the products. The difference in the reactivity of the FeIV species with the type of amine explains the trend seen experimentally in the enhanced oxidation of pharmaceuticals.

ACS Style

J. Clayton Baum; Mingbao Feng; Binglin Guo; Ching-Hua Huang; Virender K. Sharma. Generation of Iron(IV) in the Oxidation of Amines by Ferrate(VI): Theoretical Insight and Implications in Oxidizing Pharmaceuticals. ACS ES&T Water 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

J. Clayton Baum, Mingbao Feng, Binglin Guo, Ching-Hua Huang, Virender K. Sharma. Generation of Iron(IV) in the Oxidation of Amines by Ferrate(VI): Theoretical Insight and Implications in Oxidizing Pharmaceuticals. ACS ES&T Water. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Clayton Baum; Mingbao Feng; Binglin Guo; Ching-Hua Huang; Virender K. Sharma. 2021. "Generation of Iron(IV) in the Oxidation of Amines by Ferrate(VI): Theoretical Insight and Implications in Oxidizing Pharmaceuticals." ACS ES&T Water , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 23 July 2021 in Environmental Chemistry Letters
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Graphene-based nanomaterials are becoming common consumer products due to their outstanding charge carrier ability, high specific surface area, high thermal stability, and great potential for environmental decontamination. Properties of graphene-based materials can be enhanced by doping with elements. Boron and phosphorus are major dopants for graphene, graphene oxide, and graphene quantum dots. Phosphorous has higher electron-donating ability than carbon, which induces n-type conductivity to graphene, whereas boron doping results in p-type conductivity. Doping with boron and phosphorous enhances surface area and defects in graphene materials, this aids in tuning their properties. Doping creates a band gap in graphene that facilitates photocatalytic applications. This review presents emerging applications of boron- and phosphorous-doped graphene and graphene quantum dots as sensors, adsorbents, photocatalysts, and electrocatalysts for detecting and remediating contaminants.

ACS Style

Manpreet Kaur; Manpreet Kaur Ubhi; Jaspreet Kaur Grewal; Virender K. Sharma. Boron- and phosphorous-doped graphene nanosheets and quantum dots as sensors and catalysts in environmental applications: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Manpreet Kaur, Manpreet Kaur Ubhi, Jaspreet Kaur Grewal, Virender K. Sharma. Boron- and phosphorous-doped graphene nanosheets and quantum dots as sensors and catalysts in environmental applications: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manpreet Kaur; Manpreet Kaur Ubhi; Jaspreet Kaur Grewal; Virender K. Sharma. 2021. "Boron- and phosphorous-doped graphene nanosheets and quantum dots as sensors and catalysts in environmental applications: a review." Environmental Chemistry Letters , no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Radiation Physics and Chemistry
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Remediation technologies are urgently needed to degrade poly – and per fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater and soils. Since high energy electron beam (eBeam) technology involves rapid oxidation and reduction reactions it has the potential to breakdown PFAS. In this study, the technology was applied to PFAS-contaminated groundwater and soil samples to degrade PFOS and PFOA and other PFAS. An eBeam dose of 2000 kGy (kGy) reduced PFOS and PFOA concentrations in groundwater by 87.9% and 53.7% respectively. In soils with 10% moisture content, PFOS and PFOA concentrations were reduced by 99.9% and 86.5%, respectively. Out of 17 different PFAS that were detected in the soil sample, the 2000 kGy dose was able to degrade 10 PFAS to below detectable levels: PFNA (initially 19.4 ng/g), PFDA (3.9 ng/g), PFPeS (12.1 ng/g), PFHxS (365 ng/g), PFHpS (18.0 ng/g), PFNS (4.3 ng/g), 4:2 FTS (16.6 ng/g), 6:2 FTS (146.1 ng/g), 8:2 FTS (165.6 ng/g) and PFOSA (171.8 ng/g). Of the remaining 7 PFAS, the removal efficiency ranged between 49% and 99.9%. It appears that eBeam degradation of PFAS in soil is more effective at reduced soil moisture content.

ACS Style

John Lassalle; Ruilian Gao; Robert Rodi; Corinne Kowald; Mingbao Feng; Virender K. Sharma; Thomas Hoelen; Paul Bireta; Erika F. Houtz; David Staack; Suresh D. Pillai. Degradation of PFOS and PFOA in soil and groundwater samples by high dose Electron Beam Technology. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2021, 189, 109705 .

AMA Style

John Lassalle, Ruilian Gao, Robert Rodi, Corinne Kowald, Mingbao Feng, Virender K. Sharma, Thomas Hoelen, Paul Bireta, Erika F. Houtz, David Staack, Suresh D. Pillai. Degradation of PFOS and PFOA in soil and groundwater samples by high dose Electron Beam Technology. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2021; 189 ():109705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Lassalle; Ruilian Gao; Robert Rodi; Corinne Kowald; Mingbao Feng; Virender K. Sharma; Thomas Hoelen; Paul Bireta; Erika F. Houtz; David Staack; Suresh D. Pillai. 2021. "Degradation of PFOS and PFOA in soil and groundwater samples by high dose Electron Beam Technology." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 189, no. : 109705.

Research article
Published: 07 July 2021 in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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Constructing Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts is a prevalent strategy to prolong the lifetime of photoinduced charge carriers without reducing their redox potentials. Nevertheless, these photocatalysts were usually mingled with type-II heterojunction, leading to a decrease in the redox potentials of photoinduced charge carriers. Herein, based on the absolute electronegativity of semiconductors, a Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst of GaPO4/α-MoC/Ga2O3 was designed and successfully constructed, in which the formation of type-II heterojunction was prevented between GaPO4 and Ga2O3. In the GaPO4/α-MoC/Ga2O3 photocatalyst, the conduction band (CB) and valance band (VB) potentials and the Fermi level of Ga2O3 are higher than those of GaPO4, respectively. Under irradiation, photoinduced electrons on the CB of GaPO4 migrate to the electron mediator α-MoC and subsequently recombine with the photoinduced holes of Ga2O3, thereby retaining the photoinduced charge carriers with higher redox potentials. As a result, GaPO4/α-MoC/Ga2O3 exhibits a 4-fold enhancement of activity for CO2 photoreduction, compared to Ga2O3. Photocatalytic mechanism studies indicate that superoxide radicals might be an important intermediate for CO2 reduction to CO. The present work supplies a paradigm to construct a Z-scheme heterostructure without mingling type-II heterojunction via energy band engineering.

ACS Style

Xinxin Liang; Jie Zhao; Ting Wang; Zexing Zhang; Miao Qu; Chuanyi Wang. Constructing a Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst of GaPO4/α-MoC/Ga2O3 without Mingling Type-II Heterojunction for CO2 Reduction to CO. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13, 33034 -33044.

AMA Style

Xinxin Liang, Jie Zhao, Ting Wang, Zexing Zhang, Miao Qu, Chuanyi Wang. Constructing a Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst of GaPO4/α-MoC/Ga2O3 without Mingling Type-II Heterojunction for CO2 Reduction to CO. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2021; 13 (28):33034-33044.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xinxin Liang; Jie Zhao; Ting Wang; Zexing Zhang; Miao Qu; Chuanyi Wang. 2021. "Constructing a Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst of GaPO4/α-MoC/Ga2O3 without Mingling Type-II Heterojunction for CO2 Reduction to CO." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 28: 33034-33044.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Enclosed shrimp culturing ponds are breeding environments for the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the aquatic environment. This paper surveyed the presence of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs in aquaculture waters and demonstrated their removal by ferrate (Fe(VI), FeO42-). Tetracyclines were the most prevalent antibiotics, followed by quinolones and β-lactam. The bacterial resistance rates to three antibiotics were ordered as follows: amoxicillin (AMX) > oxytetracycline (OTC) > enrofloxacin (ENR). Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla, while sul1 and sul2 were the predominant ARGs. sul2 was positively correlated with Proteobacteria. Water quality parameters significantly influenced the dissemination of tetracycline resistance genes in aquacultures due to high organic waste accumulation. The removal efficiency of antibiotics by Fe(VI) depended on the structural moieties of antibiotics, with phenol-containing antibiotics more thoroughly oxidized (i.e., OTC) than amine-containing (ENR and AMX) antibiotics. Greater removal of antibiotics in aquaculture waters suggested that the constituents of farming water enhances the efficacy of antibiotics removal by Fe(VI). An acidic pH environment enhanced Fe(VI) inactivation of ARB over the circumneutral pH. The presented results are intended to improve aquaculture managing practices to minimize the antibiotic proliferation in aquaculture waters and the environment.

ACS Style

Bongkotrat Suyamud; Jenyuk Lohwacharin; Yuyi Yang; Virender K. Sharma. Antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in shrimp aquaculture water: Identification and removal by ferrate(VI). Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 420, 126572 .

AMA Style

Bongkotrat Suyamud, Jenyuk Lohwacharin, Yuyi Yang, Virender K. Sharma. Antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in shrimp aquaculture water: Identification and removal by ferrate(VI). Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 420 ():126572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bongkotrat Suyamud; Jenyuk Lohwacharin; Yuyi Yang; Virender K. Sharma. 2021. "Antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in shrimp aquaculture water: Identification and removal by ferrate(VI)." Journal of Hazardous Materials 420, no. : 126572.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2021 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Chlorine is commonly used in disinfection processes in wastewater treatment plants prior to discharge of the effluents into receiving waters. Effluent organic matter and humic substances constitute up to 90% of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in receiving water, which induces photogeneration of reactive species (RS) such as excited triplet state of DOM (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH). The RS plays an important role in the attenuation of trace pollutants. However, the effect of chlorine disinfection on the photoreactivity of the DOM has remained unclear. Here, we investigated the physicochemical properties and subsequent RS variation after chlorination of DOM. Solid-state 13C cross-polarization/magic angle-spinning NMR and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry verified that the aromaticity, electron-donating capacity (EDC), and average molecular weight of DOM decreased markedly after chlorination. It was found for the first time that the photoproduction of 3DOM*, 1O2, and •OH increased markedly after chlorination of DOM upon irradiation of simulated sunlight. The quantum yields of 3DOM*, 1O2, and •OH were positively correlated with E2/E3 (ratio of the absorbance at 254 to 365 nm) while negatively correlated with EDC before and after chlorination. These findings highlight the synergetic effect of chlorine disinfection on the photosensitization of DOM under irradiation of sunlight, which will promote the removal of trace pollutants in surface waters.

ACS Style

Dong Wan; Haiyue Wang; Virender K. Sharma; Steplinpaulselvin Selvinsimpson; Hongliang Dai; Fan Luo; Chengjun Wang; Yong Chen. Mechanistic Investigation of Enhanced Photoreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter after Chlorination. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Dong Wan, Haiyue Wang, Virender K. Sharma, Steplinpaulselvin Selvinsimpson, Hongliang Dai, Fan Luo, Chengjun Wang, Yong Chen. Mechanistic Investigation of Enhanced Photoreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter after Chlorination. Environmental Science & Technology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong Wan; Haiyue Wang; Virender K. Sharma; Steplinpaulselvin Selvinsimpson; Hongliang Dai; Fan Luo; Chengjun Wang; Yong Chen. 2021. "Mechanistic Investigation of Enhanced Photoreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter after Chlorination." Environmental Science & Technology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Environmental Science & Technology
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This paper presents an advanced oxidation process (AOP) of peracetic acid (PAA) and ruthenium(III) (Ru(III)) to oxidize micropollutants in water. Studies of PAA–Ru(III) oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a sulfonamide antibiotic, in 0.5–20.0 mM phosphate solution at different pH values (5.0–9.0) showed an optimum pH of 7.0 with a complete transformation of SMX in 2.0 min. At pH 7.0, other metal ions (i.e., Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Mn(III), Co(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II)) in 10 mM phosphate could activate PAA to oxidize SMX only up to 20%. The PAA–Ru(III) oxidation process was also unaffected by the presence of chloride and carbonate ions in solution. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and quenching experiments showed the dominant involvement of the acetyl(per)oxyl radicals (i.e., CH3C(O)O• and CH3C(O)OO•) for degrading SMX in the PAA–Ru(III) oxidation process. The transformation pathways of SMX by PAA–Ru(III) were proposed based on the identified intermediates. Tests with other pharmaceuticals demonstrated that the PAA–Ru(III) oxidation system could remove efficiently a wide range of pharmaceuticals (9 compounds) in the presence of phosphate ions in 2.0 min at neutral pH. The knowledge gained herein on the effective role of Ru(III) to activate PAA to oxidize micropollutants may aid in developing Ru(III)-containing catalysts for PAA-based AOPs.

ACS Style

Ruobai Li; Kyriakos Manoli; Juhee Kim; Mingbao Feng; Ching-Hua Huang; Virender K. Sharma. Peracetic Acid–Ruthenium(III) Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Micropollutants in Water. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55, 9150 -9160.

AMA Style

Ruobai Li, Kyriakos Manoli, Juhee Kim, Mingbao Feng, Ching-Hua Huang, Virender K. Sharma. Peracetic Acid–Ruthenium(III) Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Micropollutants in Water. Environmental Science & Technology. 2021; 55 (13):9150-9160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruobai Li; Kyriakos Manoli; Juhee Kim; Mingbao Feng; Ching-Hua Huang; Virender K. Sharma. 2021. "Peracetic Acid–Ruthenium(III) Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Micropollutants in Water." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 13: 9150-9160.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Nanomaterials
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This paper reports the successful synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite of calcium ferrite with nitrogen doped graphene oxide (CaFe2O4-NGO) for the effective removal of Pb(II) ions and photocatalytic degradation of congo red and p-nitrophenol. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) techniques confirmed the presence of NGO and CaFe2O4 in the nanocomposite. The Mössbauer studies depicted the presence of paramagnetic doublet and sextet due to presence of CaFe2O4 NPs in the nanocomposite. The higher BET surface area in case of CaFe2O4-NGO (52.86 m2/g) as compared to CaFe2O4 NPs (23.45 m2/g) was ascribed to the effective modulation of surface in the presence of NGO. Adsorption followed the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 780.5 mg/g for Pb(II) ions. Photoluminescence spectrum of nanocomposite displayed four-fold decrease in the intensity, as compared to ferrite NPs, thus confirming its high light capturing potential and enhanced photocatalytic activity. The presence of NGO in nanocomposite offered an excellent visible light driven photocatalytic performance. The quenching experiments supported OH and O2●− radicals as the main reactive species involved in carrying out the catalytic system. The presence of Pb(II) had synergistic effect on photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. This study highlights the synthesis of CaFe2O4-NGO nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent and photocatalyst for remediating pollutants.

ACS Style

Manmeet Kaur; Manpreet Kaur; Dhanwinder Singh; Aderbal Oliveira; Vijayendra Garg; Virender Sharma. Synthesis of CaFe2O4-NGO Nanocomposite for Effective Removal of Heavy Metal Ion and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1471 .

AMA Style

Manmeet Kaur, Manpreet Kaur, Dhanwinder Singh, Aderbal Oliveira, Vijayendra Garg, Virender Sharma. Synthesis of CaFe2O4-NGO Nanocomposite for Effective Removal of Heavy Metal Ion and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (6):1471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manmeet Kaur; Manpreet Kaur; Dhanwinder Singh; Aderbal Oliveira; Vijayendra Garg; Virender Sharma. 2021. "Synthesis of CaFe2O4-NGO Nanocomposite for Effective Removal of Heavy Metal Ion and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6: 1471.

Review article
Published: 15 May 2021 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Introducing cocatalyst is one of the effective strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of semiconductors. Noble metals are often used as cocatalysts for photocatalysis, while high cost significantly limits their commercial application on large scale. As novel transition metal carbides and nitrides, MXenes have emerged as a good alternate for improving photocatalytic performance in renewable energy and environmental remediation fields due to their high surface area, adjustability of elemental composition and suitable Fermi level. Many theoretical and experimental studies suggest that the performance of MXenes critically rely on their dimensions. Therefore, understanding the current state of art of different dimensional MXenes in photocatalysis is essential to clarifying the development of the prospects. This review summarizes the recent synthesis and applications of different dimensional MXene-based photocatalysts in the fields of hydrogen generation, CO2 conversion and pollutant degradation/removal. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of MXenes for photocatalysis are also discussed, which is expected to inspire rational engineering of different dimensional MXene-based photocatalysts toward target applications.

ACS Style

Ke Zhang; Danqing Li; Hongyang Cao; Quihui Zhu; Christos Trapalis; Pengfei Zhu; Xinhua Gao; Chuanyi Wang. Insights into different dimensional MXenes for photocatalysis. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 424, 130340 .

AMA Style

Ke Zhang, Danqing Li, Hongyang Cao, Quihui Zhu, Christos Trapalis, Pengfei Zhu, Xinhua Gao, Chuanyi Wang. Insights into different dimensional MXenes for photocatalysis. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 424 ():130340.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ke Zhang; Danqing Li; Hongyang Cao; Quihui Zhu; Christos Trapalis; Pengfei Zhu; Xinhua Gao; Chuanyi Wang. 2021. "Insights into different dimensional MXenes for photocatalysis." Chemical Engineering Journal 424, no. : 130340.

Review
Published: 12 May 2021 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The revolution in the arena of functional materials for the development of well advanced engineered photocatalyst can efficiently harness photon energy from a wide spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. These next-generation smart materials would be a spectacular approach in designing devices such as photovoltaic cells, photoelectrochemical cells, and photocatalytic fuel cells. Photocatalytic oxidation of water or wastewater for concurrent production of hydrogen and electric current has turned out as a principal concept for the construction of modern photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs). Such PFCs mimics reverse photosynthesis process where electrical energy is generated from organic pollutants. In recent years many reviews on focusing the design, fabrication, and theoretical efficiency of the PFCs have been published. Hence the present review is aimed to unveil the wall-to-wall information starting from fundamentals spanning to working principles, structural configuration, electrochemical degradation of pollutants and photoelectrochemical properties, electron transport, thermodynamic behavior and columbic efficiency of studied PFCs.

ACS Style

Priyanka Mishra; Pichiah Saravanan; Gopinath Packirisamy; Min Jang; Chuanyi Wang. A subtle review on the challenges of photocatalytic fuel cell for sustainable power production. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 22877 -22906.

AMA Style

Priyanka Mishra, Pichiah Saravanan, Gopinath Packirisamy, Min Jang, Chuanyi Wang. A subtle review on the challenges of photocatalytic fuel cell for sustainable power production. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021; 46 (44):22877-22906.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Priyanka Mishra; Pichiah Saravanan; Gopinath Packirisamy; Min Jang; Chuanyi Wang. 2021. "A subtle review on the challenges of photocatalytic fuel cell for sustainable power production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 44: 22877-22906.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2021 in Journal of CO2 Utilization
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Molybdenum carbides possess both platinum-like properties and a certain degree of semi-conductivity and are good candidates as photothermal CO2 hydrogenation catalysts. Herein, the crystal structure and photothermocatalytic synergistic effects on CO2 hydrogenation were explored. The catalysts of β-Mo2C, α-MoC, and their mixed phases were prepared by adjusting the carburization circumstances of the precursor, and their structural, surface, photothermal conversion and activity for CO2 hydrogenation under thermal and photothermal conditions were systematically investigated. It is found that the generated carbon vacancies of the α-MoC phase promote the adsorption of CO2, whereas H2 adsorption is facilitated over β-Mo2C. Consequently, α-MoC and β-Mo2C mixed phases are more favorable for CO2 hydrogenation at 130 °C. As compared to thermocatalysis, the activity of photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation increases by at least 45 % on the same catalysts, due to the light-promoted surface intermediate (formate species) dissociation. The present work supplies a new insight into photothermocatalytic synergistic effect.

ACS Style

Jie Zhao; Yujie Bai; Xinxin Liang; Ting Wang; Chuanyi Wang. Photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation over molybdenum carbides: Crystal structure and photothermocatalytic synergistic effects. Journal of CO2 Utilization 2021, 49, 101562 .

AMA Style

Jie Zhao, Yujie Bai, Xinxin Liang, Ting Wang, Chuanyi Wang. Photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation over molybdenum carbides: Crystal structure and photothermocatalytic synergistic effects. Journal of CO2 Utilization. 2021; 49 ():101562.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Zhao; Yujie Bai; Xinxin Liang; Ting Wang; Chuanyi Wang. 2021. "Photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation over molybdenum carbides: Crystal structure and photothermocatalytic synergistic effects." Journal of CO2 Utilization 49, no. : 101562.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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The emergence of antibiotics and their corresponding antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have posed great challenges to the public health. The paper demonstrates the removal of co-existing tetracycline (TC), its resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli), and ARGs (tetA and tetR) in a mixed system by applying ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42−, Fe(VI)) at pH 7.0. TC was efficiently degraded by Fe(VI), and the rapid inactivation of the resistant E. coli was found with the complete loss of culturability. The results of flow cytometry suggested that the damage of membrane integrity and respiratory activity were highly correlated with the Fe(VI) dosages. Moreover, high-dose Fe(VI) eliminates 6 log10 viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells and even breaks the cells into fragments. ARGs in extracellular form (e-ARGs) exhibited a high sensitivity of 4.44 log10 removal to Fe(VI). Comparatively, no removal of intracellular ARGs (i-ARGs) was observed due to the multi-protection of cellular structure and rapid decay of Fe(VI). The oxidized products of TC were assessed to be less toxic than the parent compound. Overall, this study demonstrated the superior efficiency and great promise of Fe(VI) on simultaneous removal of antibiotics and their related ARB and ARGs in water.

ACS Style

Yiting Zhang; Menglu Zhang; Chengsong Ye; Mingbao Feng; Kun Wan; Wenfang Lin; Virender K. Sharma; Xin Yu. Mechanistic insight of simultaneous removal of tetracycline and its related antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes by ferrate(VI). Science of The Total Environment 2021, 786, 147492 .

AMA Style

Yiting Zhang, Menglu Zhang, Chengsong Ye, Mingbao Feng, Kun Wan, Wenfang Lin, Virender K. Sharma, Xin Yu. Mechanistic insight of simultaneous removal of tetracycline and its related antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes by ferrate(VI). Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 786 ():147492.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiting Zhang; Menglu Zhang; Chengsong Ye; Mingbao Feng; Kun Wan; Wenfang Lin; Virender K. Sharma; Xin Yu. 2021. "Mechanistic insight of simultaneous removal of tetracycline and its related antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes by ferrate(VI)." Science of The Total Environment 786, no. : 147492.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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For accelerating the reaction kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and improving the efficiency of water electrolysis, it is essential to develop high-performance and robust OER electrocatalysts. Herein, heterostructured ruthenium-cobalt oxide hollow nanoboxes are developed for enabling a highly efficient OER electrocatalysis. Benefitting from the desirable structural and compositional merits of more exposure of surface active centers, modulated electronic structure, and interfacial synergy effect, the (Ru-Co)Ox hollow nanobox could exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance toward OER. Particularly, an extremely low overpotential of 265 mV is necessary for the optimized (Ru-Co)Ox-350 to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2, together with a small Tafel slope of 60 mV dec-1. More interestingly, by combing (Ru-Co)Ox-350 with Pt/C for driving alkaline water splitting, an ultralow cell voltage of merely 1.57 V is required.

ACS Style

Cheng Wang; Hongyuan Shang; Jie Li; Yuan Wang; Hui Xu; Chuanyi Wang; Jun Guo; Yukou Du. Ultralow Ru doping induced interface engineering in MOF derived ruthenium-cobalt oxide hollow nanobox for efficient water oxidation electrocatalysis. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 420, 129805 .

AMA Style

Cheng Wang, Hongyuan Shang, Jie Li, Yuan Wang, Hui Xu, Chuanyi Wang, Jun Guo, Yukou Du. Ultralow Ru doping induced interface engineering in MOF derived ruthenium-cobalt oxide hollow nanobox for efficient water oxidation electrocatalysis. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 420 ():129805.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng Wang; Hongyuan Shang; Jie Li; Yuan Wang; Hui Xu; Chuanyi Wang; Jun Guo; Yukou Du. 2021. "Ultralow Ru doping induced interface engineering in MOF derived ruthenium-cobalt oxide hollow nanobox for efficient water oxidation electrocatalysis." Chemical Engineering Journal 420, no. : 129805.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
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A ternary composite [email protected]3/BiOCl possessing homojunction-heterojunction interface with varied BiOCl concentration was obtained through a facile hydrothermal route. Ag deposition in [email protected]3 nano-belt was achieved through in-situ generation and deposition of Ag forming a homojunction. Whereas [email protected]3/BiOCl heterojunction was constructed through the surface doping. This unique two-way interaction and the interface formation were revealed through the electron microscope and crystallographic analysis. The localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag and the efficient orbital mixing with BiOCl of 1:1 B/[email protected] compound has imparted a remarkable light harvesting and photo switching ability in the ternary composite material. Conductive nature of the Ag nanoparticle has promoted light absorption in the visible region and reduced the charge transfer resistance. Reduction of width in space charge region along with the increase in the amount of surface charge carrier has resulted in an outstanding increment in photocurrent. The solar photocatalysis evaluated against the aqueous phase removal of methyl orange and Bisphenol A showed 100 % and 51 % removal in 50 and 240 min, respectively. Studies were extended to understand the sensitization effect of dye. Theoretical modelling of band structure drawn from charge trapping experiments showed the prevalence of Z-scheme mechanism with holes mediated catalytic degradation. Improved charge harvest, separation and transmission has inserted a higher quantum efficiency in the material. BPA removal was enhanced to 82 % after the peroxide activation.

ACS Style

Aneek Kuila; Pichiah Saravanan; Detlef Bahnemann; Chuanyi Wang. Novel Ag decorated, BiOCl surface doped AgVO3 nanobelt ternary composite with Z-scheme homojunction-heterojunction interface for high prolific photo switching, quantum efficiency and hole mediated photocatalysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2021, 293, 120224 .

AMA Style

Aneek Kuila, Pichiah Saravanan, Detlef Bahnemann, Chuanyi Wang. Novel Ag decorated, BiOCl surface doped AgVO3 nanobelt ternary composite with Z-scheme homojunction-heterojunction interface for high prolific photo switching, quantum efficiency and hole mediated photocatalysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2021; 293 ():120224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aneek Kuila; Pichiah Saravanan; Detlef Bahnemann; Chuanyi Wang. 2021. "Novel Ag decorated, BiOCl surface doped AgVO3 nanobelt ternary composite with Z-scheme homojunction-heterojunction interface for high prolific photo switching, quantum efficiency and hole mediated photocatalysis." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 293, no. : 120224.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Separation and Purification Technology
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This work demonstrates for the first time the potential application of a novel nonradical oxidation system consisting of N/S co-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (NS-CMK-3) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The results showed that the NS-CMK-3 catalyst effectively activated PMS to completely degrade pharmaceutical acetaminophen (ACT). The catalytic performance of NS-CMK-3 was ∼ 20 and 10 times better than that of pristine CMK-3 and single N-doped one (N-CMK-3), respectively. The oxidative system could also remove other pollutants (i.e., sulfathiazole, trans-ferulic acid, orange G, and phenol). A higher content of N (5.3 at.%) and a distribution of graphite-N (28.1%) were determined in NS-CMK-3 than in N-CMK-3. The synergistic effect of N/S co-doping (i.e., graphite-N and thiophene-S) resulted in the enhanced catalytic performance. The activation of PMS by NS-CMK-3 primarily followed two nonradical pathways (i.e., singlet oxygen and catalyst surface-bound reactive PMS complexes), supported by quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. The p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) and ACTdimer were main degradation products. The removal of total organic carbon (TOC) was ≈27%, suggesting nonradicals could mineralize ACT. The NS-CMK-3 not only demonstrated superior stability owing to a removal efficiency that was still as high as 98% in the fifth recycle run, but also significantly decreased the potential effects of water constituents (e.g., Cl−, NO3−, HCO3−, and humic acid) on the removal process. The NS-CMK-3/PMS oxidative system offers a novel strategy to carry out environmental remediation via nonradical processes.

ACS Style

Ping Sun; Hui Liu; Mingbao Feng; Xuesheng Zhang; Yingsen Fang; Zhicai Zhai; Virender K. Sharma. Dual nonradical degradation of acetaminophen by peroxymonosulfate activation with highly reusable and efficient N/S co-doped ordered mesoporous carbon. Separation and Purification Technology 2021, 268, 118697 .

AMA Style

Ping Sun, Hui Liu, Mingbao Feng, Xuesheng Zhang, Yingsen Fang, Zhicai Zhai, Virender K. Sharma. Dual nonradical degradation of acetaminophen by peroxymonosulfate activation with highly reusable and efficient N/S co-doped ordered mesoporous carbon. Separation and Purification Technology. 2021; 268 ():118697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping Sun; Hui Liu; Mingbao Feng; Xuesheng Zhang; Yingsen Fang; Zhicai Zhai; Virender K. Sharma. 2021. "Dual nonradical degradation of acetaminophen by peroxymonosulfate activation with highly reusable and efficient N/S co-doped ordered mesoporous carbon." Separation and Purification Technology 268, no. : 118697.

Review article
Published: 30 March 2021 in ACS ES&T Engineering
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Increasing demand for food due to rapid population growth has exerted unprecedented pressure on the global agricultural industry. Agrochemicals are widely used to ensure productivity, leading to the prevalence of legacy and emerging agricultural chemicals in the environment, most of which are toxic and persistent. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a group of novel photocatalytic materials with ultrahigh porosity and tunability have demonstrated high potential for efficient removal of these recalcitrant pollutants. This critical review aims to present the potential of MOF-catalyzed photodegradation of pesticides and antibiotics. Initially, the capabilities of different MOF-based composites to harvest visible light are compared. Examples include MOFs combined with bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) and graphite oxide (GO). Mechanisms involved in MOF-induced photocatalytic processes such as electron–hole (e–/h+) separation, generation of reactive species, and degradation pathways of representative pollutants as well as impacts of water chemistry are illustrated in detailed. Research on applying MOF-catalyzed processes is largely in progress, and many more studies with greater mechanistic evaluation are needed to fully assess the potential of such processes to depollute water.

ACS Style

Yinghao Wen; Mingbao Feng; Peng Zhang; Hong-Chai Zhou; Virender K. Sharma; Xingmao Ma. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Agricultural Pollutants in Water. ACS ES&T Engineering 2021, 1, 804 -826.

AMA Style

Yinghao Wen, Mingbao Feng, Peng Zhang, Hong-Chai Zhou, Virender K. Sharma, Xingmao Ma. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Agricultural Pollutants in Water. ACS ES&T Engineering. 2021; 1 (5):804-826.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yinghao Wen; Mingbao Feng; Peng Zhang; Hong-Chai Zhou; Virender K. Sharma; Xingmao Ma. 2021. "Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Agricultural Pollutants in Water." ACS ES&T Engineering 1, no. 5: 804-826.