Despite the long history of studying the influence of meteo- and heliogeophysical factors on the human body, the mechanisms of this influence remain unclear. The inability to influence weather conditions makes it necessary to develop new, experimental approaches to such research. To analyze the effect of the ambient air temperature, atmospheric pressure, moisture and other meteorological indices on the human body, and to identify the mechanisms of such impact, there is proposed a new approach using an appropriate experimental stand (weather experimental stand). The basis of such stand can be composed of a climatic chamber, the technical characteristics of which allow carrying out research with human participation. In such studies, various physiological and biochemical indices can be monitored, as well as psychological tests can be administered. Such studies are of particular relevance in relation to the intensive development of the Arctic since in high latitudes the influence of heliogeophysical and meteorological factors is very pronounced. The climate of the Arctic is characterized by a combination of significant temperature fluctuations, atmospheric pressure, low absolute and high relative humidity, strong winds, significant changes in the geomagnetic field and atmospheric electricity, a pronounced deficit of UV radiation and light aperiodicity. Features of the natural conditions of the North, apparently, cause a high incidence of the diseases of the circulatory and respiratory system in the alien population (in comparison with the indigenous one). In addition, the article draws attention to the fact that the only weather factor, whose mechanisms of influence are sufficiently well studied, is the change in ambient air temperature, and these mechanisms were studied through research done under experimental conditions.

This literature review summarizes the evidence on the effects of air pollution on health of the population living in the Arctic Region. The available evidence suggests that the extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic affect the health of the population not only directly but also increase negative impact of air pollution on population health. An oxidative stress induces dysfunction of the vascular endothelium and membranes of epithelial cells. Synergetic effects of cold and air pollution accelerate aging of the human body in high latitudes affecting to the greatest extent the incidence of diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems. This warrants development of special methods and tools for monitoring the state of the main target organs of such exposure for early detection of their dysfunction. These tools should be suitable for use in examining large groups of people working in the Arctic. Development of rehabilitation and treatment methods adapted to the conditions of the Arctic is also warranted.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of air pollution on the structure of reasons of death from major non communicable diseases in cities of the Russian Federation Material and methods. The study analyzed the mortality of people of working age (with stratification by gender and causes of death) in pairs of cities, with matching the cities of each pair by the climatic and socio-economic conditions, but the level of air pollution in one city significantly exceeded the level of pollution in another. The following pairs of cities were formed (“dirty” - “relatively clean”): Bratsk-Kirov; Nizhny Tagil-Kirov; Novokuznetsk-Tomsk; Chita-Tomsk; Magnitogorsk - Orenburg, Cherepovets-Vologda. The analysis included data on the mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and oncological diseases, since according to WHO, air pollution primarily affects mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Results. The mortality rate of people of working age from diseases of the circulatory system, primarily from cardiovascular diseases, is significantly higher in cities with a high level of pollution compared with cities with a lower level of pollution and similar climatic and socio-economic conditions. The mortality rate of men from cerebrovascular diseases in the group of dirty cities is higher than in compared cities in 4 out of 6 studied pairs. Moreover, differences in the mortality rate in women were less pronounced, they were revealed in 2 out of 6 compared pairs. The differences in mortality from oncological diseases were detected in 4 out of 6 comparison pairs for women and 2 out of 6 compared pairs for men. Conclusion. An analysis of the mortality used pairwise comparison of cities showed air pollution to most affect on the mortality from diseases of the circulatory system.