Climate action is only truly possible by incorporating gender-specific vulnerabilities and adaptation measures. National Action Plans for Climate Change (NAPCC) and State Action Plans for Climate Change (SAPCCs) seek to mainstream vulnerable communities, such as women, at the national and state levels. It is uncertain how these plans incorporate gender-specific vulnerabilities and equip women with adequate measures to deal with climate impacts. This paper employs content analysis method to analyze a total of 33 action plans for climate change (APCC); out of 33 APCCs, 28 are SAPCCs, five are union territories action plans for climate change mainly through three themes- gendered vulnerability, gender-disaggregated data, gender capacity-building policies, and adaptation measures. The research delves into the nexus of gender-focused climate action and adaptation policy within India’s climate policy. Based on the findings, the study classifies states as highly gender-responsive, moderately gender-responsive, and gender-blind. The gender responsiveness of the state is different due to differences in women’s agricultural participation, political commitment to gender equality, and cultural norms regarding gender roles. The research identifies a necessity of enhancing gender mainstreaming in climate policy to ensure that women’s vulnerability is effectively addressed.

Understanding the application and format of climate information services (CIS) can enhance forecast application skills. With the help of the systematic review method of 112 papers, the study assesses the format of forecast delivery to farmers, the anticipated values for farmers, and the integration of CIS into adaptation strategies. A significant surge in studies has emerged since 2010 and has been primarily driven by increased climate funding commitments in the developed world since 2009. The study explored adaptation strategies predominantly in Africa and developed nations, with Asian nations following suit. While the value of CIS is evident in increasing yields and aiding decision-making, challenges such as the interpretation of forecasts and the adoption of anticipatory adaptation techniques remain. The research underscores the importance of understanding farmers' adaptation strategies and the need for targeted interventions to enhance resilience in agricultural systems facing climate-change impacts.

The prioritisation of military objectives by governments can always bring risks in terms of causing permanent damage to sources of water, farmlands, and populations. The dilemma in the case has pos...