Every year, a large quantity of vanadium-containing wastewater is discharged from industrial factories, resulting in severe environmental problems. In particular, V(V) is recognized as a potentially hazardous contaminant due to its high mobility and toxicity, and it has received considerable attention. In this study, a silica-supported primary amine resin (SiPAR) was prepared by in-situ polymerization, and the V(V) adsorption from the solution was examined. The as-prepared resin exhibited fast adsorption kinetics, and it could attain an equilibrium within 90 min for the V(V) solution concentration of 100 mg/L at an optimum pH of 4, whereas the commercial D302 resin required a treatment time of more than 3 h under the same conditions. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the resin under optimum conditions for V(V) was calculated to be 70.57 mg/g. In addition, the kinetics and isotherm data were satisfactorily elucidated with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Redlich–Peterson models, respectively. The silica-based resin exhibited an excellent selectivity for V(V), and the removal efficiency exceeded 97% in the presence of competitive anions at 100 mmol/L concentrations. The film mass-transfer coefficient (k_f) and V(V) pore diffusivity (D_p) onto the resins were estimated by mathematical modeling. In summary, this study provided a potential adsorbent for the efficient removal of V(V) from wastewater.

The lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) can be easily activated by neutron radiation to produce the radionuclide ²¹⁰Po. It is therefore necessary to establish an effective method to remove vaporized polonium in the cover gas to prevent its release into the air in scenarios of reactor maintenance and coolant leakage accidents. This paper presents a SiO₂ nanofiber membrane prepared based on the electrostatic spinning and calcination process. The SiO₂ nanofiber membrane had the advantages of good flexibility, high-temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. In the trapping experiments, the SiO₂ nanofiber membrane filters showed excellent filtration performance at 300~400 °C, and the filtration efficiencies for Te, Pb, and Bi could reach 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. Proper filtration temperature and gas flow rate are important to maintain high filtration efficiency. After five cycles, the SiO₂ nanofiber membrane filter still exhibited excellent cycle-use performance. In the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, PbPo and PbTe had strong interactions with amorphous SiO₂, having adhesion energies of −2.96 to −2.83 eV/molecule.