The proposed schematic mechanism via which 5-fluorouracil-loaded gold nanoparticles conjugated with CD133 antibody target colorectal cancer stem cells.

Diabetic wounds affect millions of people globally, posing significant clinical and socioeconomic challenges due to their prolonged healing times and risk of complications. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the pathophysiology underlying delayed wound healing in patients with diabetes, focusing on key mechanisms such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, vascular insufficiency, and chronic inflammation. Impairments in angiogenesis, growth factor signaling, and tissue regeneration create a complex therapeutic landscape that demands multifaceted approaches. Accordingly, this review critically examines current clinical interventions such as topical growth factors, antioxidant therapies, and hyperbaric oxygen. Furthermore, it explores innovative solutions, such as advanced wound dressings, bioengineered materials, and stem cell therapy, which offer enhanced wound healing outcomes. We provided a comprehensive analysis of innovative platforms, such as nanoparticle‐loaded hydrogels and 3D printing, shedding light on their transformative potential to revolutionize wound care through personalized multifunctional therapies. This review concludes by identifying critical gaps and proposing a roadmap for future research and clinical innovations to enhance diabetic wound management and improve patient outcomes.

Nanoparticles have tremendous therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer as they increase drug delivery, attenuate drug toxicity, and protect drugs from rapid clearance. Since Doxil®, the first FDA-approved nanomedicine, several other cancer nanomedicines have been approved and have successfully increased the efficacy over their free drug counterparts. Although their mechanisms of action are well established, their effects towards our immune system, particularly in the tumor microenvironment (TME), still warrant further investigation. Herein, we review the interactions between an approved cancer nanomedicine with TME immunology. We also discuss the challenges that need to be addressed for the full clinical potential of ongoing cancer nanomedicines despite the encouraging preclinical data.

Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented growth in the research area of nanomedicine. There is an increasing optimism that nanotechnology applied to medicine will bring significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), a type of neoplasm affecting cells in the colon or the rectum. Recent findings suggest that the role of microbiota is crucial in the development of CRC and its progression. Dysbiosis is a condition that disturbs the normal microbial environment in the gut and is often observed in CRC patients. In order to detect and treat precancerous lesions, new tools such as nanotechnology-based theranostics, provide a promising option for targeted marker detection or therapy for CRC. Because the presence of gut microbiota influences the route of biomarker detection and the route of the interaction of nanoparticle/drug complexes with target cells, the development of nanoparticles with appropriate sizes, morphologies, chemical compositions and concentrations might overcome this fundamental barrier. Metallic particles are good candidates for nanoparticle-induced intestinal dysbiosis, but this aspect has been poorly explored to date. Herein, we focus on reviewing and discussing nanotechnologies with potential applications in CRC through the involvement of gut microbiota and highlight the clinical areas that would benefit from these new medical technologies.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun causes skin damage, leading to conditions from premature ageing to skin cancer. Concern over skin protection against UVR has driven research into enhancing its efficacy. Sunscreens, formulated with UVR absorbers, mitigate these harmful effects by providing protection against UVR. Recent discoveries in photoprotection have emphasized cyclodextrins’ (CDs) potential role due to their capacity to create inclusion complexes with UVR absorbers, enhancing sun protection factor (SPF) properties. CDs can encapsulate UVR absorbers, improving photostability, solubility, and controlled release. These are critical factors in effective sunscreen formulations, as UVR absorbers should have maximum stability and longevity for adequate protection. This chapter discusses CD interactions with various UVR absorbers like oxybenzone, avobenzone, titanium dioxide, etc. It highlights that modified CDs further optimize UV protection. It considers the implications for commercial sunscreen products and future innovations in sun protection, offering a resource for researchers and formulators developing more effective sun protection solutions. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->