This article focuses on the optimal gain selection for Proportional Integral (PI) controllers comprising a speed control scheme for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The gains calculation is performed by means of different algorithms inspired by nature, which allows improvement of the system performance in speed regulation tasks. For the tuning of the control parameters, five optimization algorithms are chosen: Bat Algorithm (BA), Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO), Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) and Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA). Finally, for purposes of efficiency assessment, two reference speed profiles are introduced, where an acceptable PMSM performance is attained by using the proposed PI controllers tuned by nature inspired algorithms.

This paper presents a design of a cruise control based on a fractional-order proportional and integral (PI) direct torque control applied to the traction system of an electric vehicle (EV). The paper also discusses the modeling, control design and simulation, resulting in a numerical simulator composed of detailed models of the main components: transmission system, induction motor, power electronics, control system, and vehicle dynamics. The simulation was developed in MATLAB/Simulink and will allow the estimation of the energy consumption of an EV under specific configurations. Simulation results show the efficiency of the designed control. These simulations were carried out using the velocity profiles given by the New Europe Drive Cycle (NEDC).

In this work, methods are implemented to improve two aspects of energy quality in a wind generation system. First, the harmonic reduction is achieved by applying a linear control technique in the Grid Side Converter; and second, the power factor of the wind generation system using a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is adjusted by injecting reactive power. The reduction of the harmonic content is performed with a digital resonant controller, which tracks the periodic signals corresponding to the current harmonics of the Grid Side Converter (GSC), which is part of a “back to back” converter in a wind generation system. This technique allows implementing a current controller of the GSC with a high level of rejection of current harmonics, of frequencies with orders (1 + 6k) and (1 − 6k) (where k is an integer), when executed in the synchronous reference frame (dq). The purpose of this work is to inject currents to the grid with very low harmonic distortion and provide a method for tuning the resonant controller for a simple L filter; also, the GSC is used to generate reactive power. These two improvements achieve a unity power factor, and this is necessary to comply with the new codes where a leading power factor helps regulate the grid voltage.

This paper addresses the need for advanced research facilities to investigate electric traction systems, particularly control strategies, in the context of the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). The lack of accessible laboratory tools that accurately emulate real-world vehicle dynamics represents a significant gap in current research capabilities. To bridge this gap, this work presents the development of a traction system emulator for an electric vehicle based on an electrodynamometer. The emulator replicates vehicle dynamics, where the electric machine must overcome resistance forces such as aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance, which are critical in EV operation. Given the limited rated torque of laboratory machines, a vehicle dynamics scaling method is proposed, demonstrating that only specific vehicle parameters require adjustment to replicate full vehicle dynamics accurately. The paper further details the permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) model, its control scheme, and the determination of Proportional-Integral (PI) gains using Nyquist’s stability criterion. Finally, simulation and experimental results validate the proposed emulator through the driving cycles SAE J227 and US06, contributing to a scalable and practical EV control system research approach.

A second order sliding-mode observer enhanced similar in structure and computational cost to a classical proportional-integral controller is proposed. This observer eliminates efficiently the chattering problem and preserves the robust properties of sliding mode. Owing to its advantages, the proposed observer is used for reconstructing the back electromotive force of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, it estimates the motor speed and position. These estimations are feedbacked in a vector control scheme, where the need for the mechanical position/speed sensor is eliminated. MATLAB™ simulations of the proposed observer demonstrate the accurate reconstruction and zero phase delay estimation of the back electromotive force. Experimental results of a sensorless speed control for a 7.46 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor validate the proposed observer. The advantages of the proposed observer are better compared to the sensorless control strategies LO and Q-SMO.

Actualmente la inversión en energías de renovables como la eólica, geotérmica o la solar fotovoltaica se presenta como el camino más confiable para la transición energética a fuentes energéticas de bajo impacto ambiental. Si bien los grandes parques eólicos y solares de generación han dado resultados favorables existen aún muchas áreas de oportunidad para mejorar el rendimiento de generación y minimizar aún más el impacto medioambiental, como es el caso de los sistemas híbridos de generación de energía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar el prototipo de un sistema híbrido de energía, eólica y fotovoltaica; que nos permita generar energía eléctrica mediante la utilización de energía fuentes renovables como materia prima y de manera más sustentable al reducir emisiones comparada con fuentes de generación tradicionales. Partiendo desde un dimensionamiento previo de las variables climáticas, el diseño del sistema, el armado y las pruebas de funcionamiento de un prototipo que en una misma estructura, contiene un módulo fotovoltaico, un rotor eólico tipo Savonius, un panel de control y sus respectivas unidades de almacenamiento (para este caso de generación fuera de la red local), en donde podemos esperar un menor desgaste en la saturación de la red eléctrica debido a que, al ser sistema híbrido, se utilizan múltiples fuentes, por lo que, si se llega a presentar intermitencia, no se pierde por completo la generación de energía.