The outdoor wind environment is one of the most important factors influencing the biological environment and human comfort. The campus of China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing) (CUMTB) is the case study for this research. PHOENICS simulation software was used to carry out a numerical simulation study of the outdoor wind environment. The pedestrian‐level wind (PLW) environments for both winter and summer were investigated. Based on the numerical simulation results, the overall evaluation and subregional analysis of the campus’ current outdoor wind environment were carried out. Then, according to the results and problems of wind environment assessment, improvement measures and strategies of outdoor wind environment in universities are proposed from the aspects of campus planning, single building form, and greening configuration. The main goal is to further improve the outdoor space and environment of universities in Beijing and provide general guidelines to improve the quality of the universities’ wind environment effectively. The strategies can provide a reference for the same type of campus on wind environment renovation and improvement. This study can also provide data support and reference significance for outdoor thermal environment/pedestrian environment research.

This study examined a representative college activity centre in China’s cold regions and conducted a field measurement study and questionnaire analysis on the indoor thermal environment in winter. Data fitting and comparative analysis were performed on the predicted mean vote (PMV) calculated from measured environmental parameters and the seven-point vote value actual mean vote (AMV) based on the questionnaire. According to the least square method, the corresponding human adaptive coefficient λ _m in the motion state and λ _s in the stationary state were obtained. Based on the research, the thermal comfort survey results were reported for the two states for recreational spaces of colleges and universities. These results suggest that the AMV and PMV do not coincide in the two states. The actual thermal sensation is less sensitive than predicted through the sensitivity analysis for the two states. The respondents’ actual thermal sensation is less sensitive when exercising than stationary state. Moreover, both PMV and AMV in motion state are higher than those in stationary state, illustrating that the state of motion has a greater influence on thermal sensation. This research provides a theoretical basis and data reference for the low energy design of recreational spaces of colleges and universities.

The public teaching buildings of universities have a large flow of people, high lighting requirements, and large energy consumption, which present significant potential for energy saving. The greatest opportunity for integrating “green” architectural design strategies lies in the design phase, especially the early stage of architectural design. However, current designers often rely on experience or qualitative judgment for decision-making. Thus, there is a pressing need for rational and quantitative green architectural design theories and techniques to guide and support decision-making for the design parameters of teaching buildings. This study, based on field surveys of 40 teaching buildings, constructs building archetypes regarding energy consumption including 28 typical values. Based on the “Rectangle”, “L”, “U”, and “Courtyard” archetypes, through batch energy consumption simulation and multiple regression methods, the influence mechanisms of nine energy consumption influencing factors on four types of building energy consumptions were explored, and energy consumption prediction models were derived. The findings of this research can serve as factor evaluation and selection in the early stage of architectural design for public teaching buildings at universities, and the prediction model can assist in the early estimation of energy consumption. This aims to enrich and supplement green architectural design methods by supporting the design of green public teaching buildings and providing reference and application for relevant engineering practices.

Evacuation is an important research topic in building safety, urban public safety, and emergency management. Evacuation speed is a core parameter determining evacuation time and therefore has important scientific value. To reveal the variation patterns of gait parameters during staircase evacuation, this study conducted individual evacuation experiments on a staircase with a vertical height of 51.1 m. Each volunteer performed two consecutive evacuation phases with a 2 min rest between the phases, resulting in a cumulative evacuation height of more than 100 m. The evacuation speed, step length, and step time of 25 males and 25 females were measured under upward and downward evacuation conditions. The variation patterns of gait parameters under different evacuation directions were systematically compared, and the effects of resting at a similar height on the refuge floor were further analyzed in terms of evacuation speed and gait parameters. The results showed that the average evacuation speeds of both males and females exhibited an overall decreasing trend characterized by “faster decrease early and slower decrease later” during both upward and downward evacuation, while the decreasing trend was more gradual during downward evacuation. Although the variation patterns of gait parameters differed between upward and downward evacuation, the increase in step time was consistently the primary factor contributing to the decrease in evacuation speed. Specifically, during upward evacuation, the initial decrease in evacuation speed was jointly influenced by step time variation (65–80%) and step length variation (20–35%). As the evacuation process progressed, the relative contribution of step time variation further increased (>80%). In contrast, downward evacuation was relatively consistently dominated by step time variation (>90%). The rest promoted a certain degree of recovery; however, its recovery effect on step length during downward evacuation was not significant. This study revealed the characteristic differences and adjustment patterns of gait parameters during upward and downward evacuation from the perspective of gait parameters, thereby extending the microscopic perspective of staircase evacuation behavior research. The findings provide a scientific basis for high-precision evacuation process prediction, potential risk identification, and optimization of emergency management strategies for similar staircase evacuation scenarios.