This study is conducted to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and information asymmetry (IA), as well as the role of corporate governance (CG) as a moderating factor. This paper employs panel data regression analysis. The CSR disclosure scores are collected from the HX database by way of Hexun.com, while financial data are collected from the CSMAR database. The association between CSR and information asymmetry is examined using generalised least squares (GLS). The current evidence shows that CSR disclosure reduces information asymmetry. In addition, the findings illustrate that particular aspects of CG moderate the relationship between CSR and information asymmetry. More specifically, board size, CEO duality, and board independence positively affect the bid–ask spread. Moderation by the independence board positively affects the relationship between CSR disclosure and information asymmetry. Since the sample is derived from large Chinese companies, the results should be supported by samples obtained from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and, subsequently, comparisons with the entire stock market. In future studies, we recommend conducting research using other variables as proxies regarding information asymmetry. The current study extends existing research on CSR and IA by adding both board characteristics and ownership concentration variables as moderating variables.

The current paper aims to investigate the moderating role of liquidity in the relationship between accounting and advertising expenditures and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. Furthermore, the present paper highlights the importance of managing expenditures and improving financial performance. Since the performance of Jordanian SMEs is extremely critical, furthermore, the present paper explores the possibility of empowering these businesses in order to achieve profitability. This paper is based on descriptive statistics, regression, and correlation analysis in order to analyze the data, collecting secondary data from 200 SMEs. The results demonstrate that accounting expenditures are key factors for financial performance, especially in SMEs. Moreover, SMEs are more sensitive to liquidity challenges, which significantly impact their short-term expenditure and consequently influence their financial performance. It is evident that accounting expenditures moderated by liquidity have a positive effect on the financial performance of SMEs. However, our findings indicate a negative effect regarding the relationship between advertising expenditures and financial performance. According to the results of this study, regulators may offer new regulations and legislation in the future to the Ministry of Finance and the Amman Stock Exchange.

This study investigated the impact of IFRS on the relationship between risk management and financial disclosure in Jordanian banks in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study data were collected from Jordanian banks’ financial reports with the help of panel data to measure IFRS and risk management. The study depended on daily data, at a rate of (256) trading days from March 3, 2020 until April 29, 2021. Also, the study used questionnaires to measure financial disclosure in addition to interviews with eight Jordanian bank managers. Multiple regression was used to test hypotheses. The study found a positive statistically significant relationship between risk management and financial disclosure. The relationship was portrayed by a coefficient of 0.315. The result also showed the moderating role of IFRS in such a relationship, the effect reached 0.696. The conclusions have implications for both theory and practice. In fact, the findings elucidated the connection between risk management, IFRS, and financial disclosure. Finally, Jordanian banks should focus on IFRS and risk management, enhanced management, and employee skills as recommendations in this study. Thus, Jordanian banks pay particular attention to IFRS and risk management in order to achieve profitability through financial disclosure. AcknowledgmentThe publication of this research has been supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at Philadelphia University – Jordan.

This systematic review examines how sustainability is utilized by government institutions in reporting and tracking social and environmental impacts. As a result of the Prisma 2020 guidelines, we examined 84 papers published between 2009 and December 2024 and identified four key themes: sustainability reporting procedures, social re-management, incorporating sustainability into decision-making, and stakeholder engagement. The findings suggest significant reporting gaps in the public sector and the need for better systems and practices. This study emphasizes both theoretical and practical consequences, and it recommends strengthening transparency and responsibility, evolving the role of sustainability accounting in public institutions. It also identifies critical areas to address in future research, ensuring the alignment of public sector objectives. This study—by including difficulties in reporting and visualizing how accounting practices can be developed toward sustainability—contributes findings on sustainability can be used to improve governance and accountability in the public sector. However, a limitation is that this review only relies on the Web of Science (WoS) database, which can affect the comprehensiveness of our findings. Potential omissions of relevant databases, such as Scopus or Google Scholar, should be noted, and future research could be enhanced with the addition of a wider range of resources for more comprehensive analysis.

This study explores the way accounting systems evolve across society and human environments over time, examining significant themes and trends. Based on bibliometric tools such as Web of Science Core Collection, Biblioshiny R package, and VOSviewer, we conduct keyword co-occurrence analysis on 271 articles within the 2010–2024-time frame. From the evidence, we find that studies increase each year by 4.94% with the highest contribution being from the USA and the spread of international collaborations. Seven thematic categories suggest areas like predictive accounting, allocation of resources, managerial conduct, environmental concerns, and human–computer interaction. The research uses exclusively bibliometric analysis to uncover historical trends in the field, ushering in themes of emergent nature including technology adoption, sustainability, and human-oriented approaches. The findings inform future paths of research and application of novel practices in accounting systems. Socially, the research uncovers how accounting systems address global challenges and bridge gaps between individuals, technology, and sustainability. It adds to our understanding of how accounting systems react to changing societal needs and complexities.