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Socio-spatial concerns are gaining increasing attention in the design of interventions for urban mobility. This is especially true in contexts traditionally characterized by structural inequality and high levels of poverty, in which transport can be a decisive contributor to development thanks to its contribution to a higher social inclusion. Amongst them, Latin America has emerged as a significant laboratory for urban and transport policy due not only to its socioeconomic conditions but also to the implementation of different mobility strategies based on the construction of traditional and innovative infrastructures such as subways and bus rapid transit (BRT) systems. These two transport systems can be complementary or alternative to each other: this depends not only on their transport capacity, their economic sustainability, and to their levels of public acceptability but also on social, political, and spatial features of the setting they serve. This paper intends to discuss the socio-spatial consequences that interventions based on different transport systems can generate, examining them in the city of Quito, Ecuador. The discussion is based on the implementation of the existing BRT network and of a subway line under construction. Reconstructing two contrasting transport policies developed in the city in the last 25 years, this paper proposes an overview of the socio-spatial concerns that influenced and were influenced by urban mobility planning in Quito. To do so, this paper reviews and compares the socio-spatial concerns related to BRT and subway corridors, considering their accessibility, the wider urban transformations they promote, their economic sustainability, and the overall public acceptability, estimating to what extent these have influenced the decision to implement a certain transport policy.
Giovanni Vecchio; Riccardo Porreca; Daniela Jácome Rivera. Socio-Spatial Concerns in Urban Mobility Planning: Insights from Competing Policies in Quito. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2923 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Vecchio, Riccardo Porreca, Daniela Jácome Rivera. Socio-Spatial Concerns in Urban Mobility Planning: Insights from Competing Policies in Quito. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Vecchio; Riccardo Porreca; Daniela Jácome Rivera. 2020. "Socio-Spatial Concerns in Urban Mobility Planning: Insights from Competing Policies in Quito." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2923.
Good mental health is related to mental and psychological well-being, and there is growing interest in the potential role of the built environment on mental health, yet the evidence base underpinning the direct or indirect effects of the built environment is not fully clear. The aim of this overview is to assess the effect of the built environment on mental health-related outcomes. Methods. This study provides an overview of published systematic reviews (SRs) that assess the effect of the built environment on mental health. We reported the overview according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases searched until November 2019 included the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE (OVID 1946 to present), LILACS, and PsycINFO. Two authors independently selected reviews, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included reviews using the Assessing Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2). Results. In total, 357 records were identified from a structured search of five databases combined with the references of the included studies, and eleven SRs were included in the narrative synthesis. Outcomes included mental health and well-being, depression and stress, and psychological distress. According to AMSTAR-2 scores, the quality assessment of the included SRs was categorized as "high" in two SRs and as "critically low" in nine SRs. According to the conclusions of the SRs reported by the authors, only one SR reported a "beneficial" effect on mental health and well-being outcomes. Conclusion. There was insufficient evidence to make firm conclusions on the effects of built environment interventions on mental health outcomes (well-being, depression and stress, and psychological distress). The evidence collected reported high heterogeneity (outcomes and measures) and a moderate- to low-quality assessment among the included SRs.
Solange Núñez-González; J. Andrés Delgado-Ron; Christopher Gault; Adriana Lara-Vinueza; Denisse Calle-Celi; Riccardo Porreca; Daniel Simancas-Racines. Overview of "Systematic Reviews" of the Built Environment's Effects on Mental Health. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020, 2020, 9523127 -10.
AMA StyleSolange Núñez-González, J. Andrés Delgado-Ron, Christopher Gault, Adriana Lara-Vinueza, Denisse Calle-Celi, Riccardo Porreca, Daniel Simancas-Racines. Overview of "Systematic Reviews" of the Built Environment's Effects on Mental Health. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2020; 2020 ():9523127-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSolange Núñez-González; J. Andrés Delgado-Ron; Christopher Gault; Adriana Lara-Vinueza; Denisse Calle-Celi; Riccardo Porreca; Daniel Simancas-Racines. 2020. "Overview of "Systematic Reviews" of the Built Environment's Effects on Mental Health." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020, no. : 9523127-10.