Development and population growth have made using shallow buried pipes in urban areas, highways, and subways inevitable. In this study, the performance and behavior of shallow unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes buried in sand reinforced with PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles produced by the end consumer filled with soil under static loads were investigated. The bottle reinforcement mattress filled with soil was vertically installed above the buried uPVC pipe inside the soil bed at the required depth; after that, backfilling was performed. The effects of the relative density of soil, placement depth, and the width of the soil-filled bottle-reinforced block were examined. The increase in relative density has shown a noticeable decrease in footing surface settlement and load transferred to the buried pipe. The test results have shown significant improvement in the ultimate bearing capacity of bottle-reinforced soil with a reduction in surface settlement. The backfill reinforced with soil-filled bottle block has shown a 71% improvement in ultimate bearing capacity. Additionally, the improvement in bearing capacity increases as the placement depth decreases and width increases. The optimum depth of placement and width of the bottle-reinforced mattress were 0.50 and 2.08 B. The proposed soil reinforcement method may be a good and relatively inexpensive alternative to traditional geosynthetic reinforcement while providing geotechnical and environmental benefits.

As one of the solutions for proper disposal of the huge quantities that resulted from the war against ISIS in the city of Mosul, the possibility of recycling rubble and demolition and construction waste was tested to be used in road applications as sub-base layers (earthworks) and sub-base applications. It is possible to use these materials after crushing and sieving into different sizes as sub-base layers, in accordance with the Iraqi specifications for the work of the sub-base layer. The obtained results also proved the possibility of using the reproduced materials in the sub-base layers of classes A, B, and C after adding 7% cement to improve the density and gradation of fine particles.

The research extracted from the master’s thesis of the student of studies in the research phase aims to obtain the best percentage of addition of Iraqi fly ash treated and exported from the Musayyib power plant after the success of the experiment conducted on the model. Heat it at a temperature of 200 ° C. After improving its properties with sulfonic acid, the successful model was at room temperature and at a concentration of 5% sulfonic acid and a time of four hours with a special device for the experiment. The ratio was between (28-30)%, where the results of compression test and torsion test were the highest in these two ratios and the highest pozzolani ratio after comparing it with 20% for treated Iraqi fly ash and Turkish fly ash.

Wars produce millions of tons of rubble that negatively affect the environment, the economy, and society. In Mosul city, Iraq, the war with ISIS left nearly 11

The present work concern with treating fly ash from AL-Musiab power station using sulfonic acid at different concentration (2%, 5% and 10%) and different mixing time (1, 2 and 4 hr). The results would be compared with the specification of Turkish fly ash. Two groups of experimental studied were conducted, group1: Fly ash without burning (FA) and group 2: burned fly ash (BFA) at 200°C for 1 hour (BFA). The X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were used to measure chemical characteristics of treated fly ash. The results observed that BFA gave results that could be applied in industrial fields when it compared to Turkish fly ash.