To study the disparity of river hydrochemical characteristics and water quality in different regions of the city, this paper took the Tuo River in the center of Suzhou, Northern Anhui, China and the Bian River on the edge of the urban area as the research objects, used Piper trigram, Gibbs diagram, and hydrogen and oxygen isotope content characteristics to analyze the geochemical characteristics of surface water in the study area, and then the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the water quality. The results showed that the hydrochemical types of the two rivers were SO₄-Cl-Na type, and the contents of Na⁺, K⁺, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺, total phosphorus (TP) in the Bian River at the edge of the city were much higher than those in the Tuo River at the center of the city (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Gibbs diagram showed that the ion composition of the two rivers was mainly affected by rock weathering. The results of correlation analysis and water quality evaluation showed that Bian River was greatly affected by agricultural non-point source pollution, and its water quality was poor, class IV and class V water account for 95%, while, for Tuo River, due to the strong artificial protection, class II and class III accounted for 40.74% and 59.26%, respectively, and the overall water quality was better than that of Bian River. The evaluation results of irrigation water quality showed that the samples from Tuo River were high in salt and low in alkali, which could be used for irrigation when the soil leaching conditions were good, while Bian River water samples were high in salt and medium in alkali, which was suitable for irrigation of plants with strong salt tolerance.

This study analyzed the content characteristics, ecological risks, vertical migration characteristics and sources of soil heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) in affected areas of Luning Coal Mine. Results showed that the average contents of Cr, Pb, Cu, As and Cd exceeded the surface soil background values of Anhui Province, but the risk of soil ecological environment was low. Cd had the largest single factor pollution index, As followed, and Cd in 14 sampling points reached the warning limit, 95% of the samples were in moderate hazard, 5% of the samples were in strong hazard, but the potential ecological hazard index of many kind of heavy metals was 81.81~121.41, which was low ecological hazard. The difficulty of vertical migration of heavy metals in soil was from easy to difficult: Cr>Ni&Cu>As>Zn>Cd&Pb; Cu, Zn and Pb were related to automobile exhaust emissions and transportation dust, Cd and Ni were mainly caused by natural geological processes, leaching of coal gangue hill and the discharge of industrial pollutants, As was mainly caused by agricultural activities, and Cr was closely related to coal combustion.

In order to master the environmental geochemical characteristics of heavy metals in the sediment of urban scenic areas, in this study the water area of the delta Park in Suzhou City (Anhui Province, China) as an example, the contents of Pb, U, V, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn in sediment were tested. On this basis, using the Kriging spatial interpolation, self-organizing map (SOM) and positive matrix factorization model (PMF) to explore the spatial distribution, pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in the study area. The results showed that the heavy metal content of the sampling points in the estuary area was higher than that in the park; the potential ecological risk index and the geoaccumulation index evaluation results showed that the sediment of water area of the delta park was in a light pollution state; three pollution factors, including agricultural, industrial and natural sources, were analyzed by the positive matrix factorizing model, with contribution rates of 42.13%, 35.39% and 22.48% respectively, of which agricultural and industrial sources were the main sources of heavy metals in the sediments of the study area.

Although urbanization has significant effects on the landscape around the rivers, there are few studies on the fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in watersheds under different landscape models. Therefore, in this study the optical properties of DOM in the same river under different environmental impact zones as the research object, by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) combine with the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) method and mathematical statistics to research the tourist, residential and agricultural impact. The results show that agriculture has a significant effect on the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the surface water; terrestrial humic-like and two protein-like component were derived using the PARAFAC modeling on sample fluorescence spectra, and significant differences fluorescent components in a river under different environmental impact zones. Fluorescence index analysis showed that autochthonous was the main sources of DOM. Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to assess the relationships of fluorescent components, fluorescent indices, and water quality parameters. It revealed agricultural non-point source and the impact of human activities on the watershed.

In recent years, the impact of the excrement from large-scale poultry farms on the quality of shallow groundwater has attracted widespread attention. In the present study, the hydrogeochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater around poultry farming sites in the town of Zhuxianzhuang in Suzhou, Northern Anhui, China, were investigated using various statistical techniques, a Piper trilinear diagram, ion combination ratios, correlation analysis, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that the shallow groundwater in the area is dominantly of the HCO3–Ca type. The relative abundances of the major cations and anions in the groundwater are in the order Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+ >K+ and HCO3 − >Cl−>SO4 2−>NO3 −> F−, respectively. According to the concentrations and distribution of tri-nitrogen in the groundwater, pollution is mainly associated with domestic wastewater, followed by poultry farm waste. The most severe pollution involves NO2–N, and this adversely impacts the potability of the shallow groundwater. The leaching of rocks and silicate weathering are the principal processes responsible for the ionic composition of the shallow groundwater in the study area. Class I, II, and III waters account for 9.52%, 28.57%, and 61.90%, respectively, of the groundwater in the area. The shallow groundwater is suitable for high salinity-tolerant plants or soils associated with good leaching conditions. Future water management in the poultry farming area should prioritize the control of shallow groundwater nitrite pollution.