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Prof. Wafaa Saleh
Transport Engineering, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4DY, UK

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0 Environmental Engineering
0 Road Safety
0 travel behaviour
0 Transport Engineering
0 Transportation sustainability

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Journal article
Published: 28 August 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The study results serve as a reminder for parents, children, and drivers to be alert to the danger of traffic crashes on Halloween. The aim of this study was to examine whether Halloween is associated with a higher incidence of traffic injuries and whether traffic injuries sustained on Halloween are more severe than those sustained on other days. The U.K. STATS19 database, including the data of all road traffic crashes occurring from 1990 to 2017, was employed. A total of 73,587 pediatric traffic casualties (involving pedestrians, cyclists, and moped riders) were included. Between 17:00 and 19:00 (17:00~18:59) on Halloween, the number of casualties was higher than that on other public holidays and usual days. The logistic regression model revealed that, between 17:00 and 18:00 (17:00~17:59), the risk of being killed or seriously injured on Halloween was 34.2% higher (odds ratio = 1.342; 95% CI = 1.065–1.692) than that on other days. Pediatric crashes occurring on Halloween are associated with a higher number of injuries and increased injury severity.

ACS Style

Li-Min Hsu; Bayu Satria Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai. Pediatric Traffic Injuries on Halloween in the United Kingdom: Prevalence and Injury Severity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 9093 .

AMA Style

Li-Min Hsu, Bayu Satria Wiratama, Ping-Ling Chen, Wafaa Saleh, Hui-An Lin, Chih-Wei Pai. Pediatric Traffic Injuries on Halloween in the United Kingdom: Prevalence and Injury Severity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (17):9093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li-Min Hsu; Bayu Satria Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai. 2021. "Pediatric Traffic Injuries on Halloween in the United Kingdom: Prevalence and Injury Severity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 9093.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Recycling
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This paper investigates the mechanical properties of two different types of recycled concrete, which use wood and rubber, relative to those characteristics of pure concrete, in terms of maximum load and natural frequencies. This paper contributes to the state of the art in this area in a number of ways. Firstly, the paper provides furtherance to the progressively growing literature in the field of recycled concrete and mechanical properties of materials. Secondly, the paper investigates the mechanical properties of two different types of recycled concrete by means of investigating the natural frequency of the samples, which is a new contribution. Lastly, the results from predicting the natural frequencies of concrete using fuzzy logic have been effectively assessed and compared with the analytical results. Results from the study show that the pure concrete samples produced maximum natural frequency, then concrete samples with wood, and lastly, concrete samples with rubber. The tolerance between the lab test results and fuzzy logic is approximately 5%. These results could have significant implications for furthering recycled concrete research and for designing machine foundations. Evidence of the applicability of fuzzy logic as a predictive and analysis tool for the mechanical properties of recycled concrete are discussed.

ACS Style

Maha Lashin; Aamir Khokhar; Fadwa Alrowais; Areej Malibari; Wafaa Saleh. Using Artificial Intelligence for Optimizing Natural Frequency of Recycled Concrete for Mechanical Machine Foundation. Recycling 2021, 6, 43 .

AMA Style

Maha Lashin, Aamir Khokhar, Fadwa Alrowais, Areej Malibari, Wafaa Saleh. Using Artificial Intelligence for Optimizing Natural Frequency of Recycled Concrete for Mechanical Machine Foundation. Recycling. 2021; 6 (3):43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maha Lashin; Aamir Khokhar; Fadwa Alrowais; Areej Malibari; Wafaa Saleh. 2021. "Using Artificial Intelligence for Optimizing Natural Frequency of Recycled Concrete for Mechanical Machine Foundation." Recycling 6, no. 3: 43.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Within the objectives of the H2020 DIAMOND project, the paper investigates women’s needs and expectations as users of the bike-sharing service managed by Syndicat Mixte Autolib et Velib Métropole in the territory of Paris Region-Petite Couronne (France). The paper presents a thematic literature review focused on gender inclusion in bike-sharing schemes. The proposed methodological approach is based on (i) Geographic Information Systems for the analysis of geolocated open datasets related to land, sociodemographic and mobility characteristics of the areas surrounding each docking stations. This was aimed at identifying a short list of suitable bike-sharing docking stations, which were further characterized through: (ii) structured proprietary data focused on travel demand; (iii) onsite observations focused on universal design indicators; (iv) survey questionnaires focused on women’s concerns, needs and expectations; and (v) social media data from Twitter focused on the opinion of the end-users. Results showed that women use the VELIB’s bike-sharing service much less than men (about 30% of the total number of users), since they are more concerned about the following issues: accessibility (e.g., availability of bikes at the docking stations, distance to the nearest station, type and quality of the cycle paths); safety and security (e.g., perception of danger and insecurity while cycling and using the current bicycle infrastructures); social constraints (e.g., perceptions and cultural stigmatization associated with cycling and bike-sharing); weather and topography (e.g., impact of weather and the urban terrain on cycling and bike-sharing). The final aim of the H2020 DIAMOND project is to support the definition of guidelines and policies for the inclusion of women’s needs in the design of future bike-sharing services.

ACS Style

Andrea Gorrini; Rawad Choubassi; Federico Messa; Wafaa Saleh; Augustus Ababio-Donkor; Maria Leva; Lorraine D’Arcy; Francesco Fabbri; David Laniado; Pablo Aragón. Unveiling Women’s Needs and Expectations as Users of Bike Sharing Services: The H2020 DIAMOND Project. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5241 .

AMA Style

Andrea Gorrini, Rawad Choubassi, Federico Messa, Wafaa Saleh, Augustus Ababio-Donkor, Maria Leva, Lorraine D’Arcy, Francesco Fabbri, David Laniado, Pablo Aragón. Unveiling Women’s Needs and Expectations as Users of Bike Sharing Services: The H2020 DIAMOND Project. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Gorrini; Rawad Choubassi; Federico Messa; Wafaa Saleh; Augustus Ababio-Donkor; Maria Leva; Lorraine D’Arcy; Francesco Fabbri; David Laniado; Pablo Aragón. 2021. "Unveiling Women’s Needs and Expectations as Users of Bike Sharing Services: The H2020 DIAMOND Project." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5241.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: Studies have suggested that trauma centre-related risk factors, such as distance to the nearest trauma hospital, are strong predictors of fatal injuries among motorists. Few studies have used a national dataset to study the effect of trauma centre-related risk factors on fatal injuries among motorists and motorcyclists in a country where traffic is dominated by motorcycles. This study investigated the effect of distance from the nearest trauma hospital on fatal injuries from two-vehicle crashes in Taiwan from 2017 to 2019. Methods: A crash dataset and hospital location dataset were combined. The crash dataset was extracted from the National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset from 1 January 2017 through 31 December 2019. The primary exposure in this study was distance to the nearest trauma hospital. This study performed a multiple logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for fatal injuries. Results: The multivariate logistic regression models indicated that motorcyclists involved in crashes located ≥5 km from the nearest trauma hospital and in Eastern Taiwan were approximately five times more likely to sustain fatal injuries (AOR = 5.26; 95% CI: 3.69–7.49). Conclusions: Distance to, level of, and region of the nearest trauma centre are critical risk factors for fatal injuries among motorcyclists but not motorists. To reduce the mortality rate of trauma cases among motorcyclists, interventions should focus on improving access to trauma hospitals.

ACS Style

Bayu Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Chung-Jen Chao; Ming-Heng Wang; Wafaa Saleh; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai. Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2998 .

AMA Style

Bayu Wiratama, Ping-Ling Chen, Chung-Jen Chao, Ming-Heng Wang, Wafaa Saleh, Hui-An Lin, Chih-Wei Pai. Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (6):2998.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayu Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Chung-Jen Chao; Ming-Heng Wang; Wafaa Saleh; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai. 2021. "Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2998.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: Research suggests that drivers tend to engage in risk-taking behaviours on public holidays. Studies that examined the association between holidays (or other special days) and fatal injuries are inconsistent. This study used UK STATS19 data to investigate the associations of nine public holidays on road crash casualties. Methods: This retrospective study assessed UK STATS19 crash data for 1990–2017. All casualties from two vehicle crashes were initially considered; subsequently, casualties with missing data were excluded. Multiple logistic regression was estimated to explore the associations of potential risk factors with the likelihood of killed or seriously injured (KSI) casualties and to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs). Results: In total, 3,751,998 casualties from traffic accidents in the United Kingdom during 1990–2017 were included in the final data set; among these, 410,299 (10.9%) were KSI casualties, and 3,341,699 (89.1%) were slight injuries. Crashes on public holidays were 16% (AOR = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13–1.19) more likely to involve KSI casualties than were crashes on non-holidays. With other factors controlled for, crashes during the Queen’s 2002 Golden Jubilee and on New Year’s Day were 48% (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.06–2.07) and 36% (AOR = 1.36; 1.26–1.48) more likely to lead to KSIs, respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of crashes resulting in KSI casualties on public holidays was higher than that on non-holidays. Furthermore, crashes during the Queen’s 2002 Golden Jubilee had the highest risk of KSI casualties followed by New Year’s Day.

ACS Style

Bayu Satria Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Liang-Hao Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Shang-Ku Chen; Hui-Tsai Chen; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai. Evaluating the Effects of Holidays on Road Crash Injuries in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 280 .

AMA Style

Bayu Satria Wiratama, Ping-Ling Chen, Liang-Hao Chen, Wafaa Saleh, Shang-Ku Chen, Hui-Tsai Chen, Hui-An Lin, Chih-Wei Pai. Evaluating the Effects of Holidays on Road Crash Injuries in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (1):280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayu Satria Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Liang-Hao Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Shang-Ku Chen; Hui-Tsai Chen; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai. 2021. "Evaluating the Effects of Holidays on Road Crash Injuries in the United Kingdom." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 280.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The study investigates the behaviour of pedestrians crossing a road with a refuge island in an urban area to assess whether refuge islands deliver their expected benefit. This type of pedestrian crossings aim at providing a half-way shelter and protection while pedestrians are crossing a road with two-traffic streams. Data has been collected using two video cameras from an urban location in Edinburgh on gaps in traffic flow, rejected and accepted gaps, and critical gaps of pedestrians while crossing from the curb or the median. Data have also been examined to estimate and assess vehicle and pedestrians’ speeds, vehicle type, waiting time, group size and other demographic characteristics of pedestrians. The statistical modelling techniques used include Multiple Linear Regression and Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE). The results show that the critical gap for crossing from the median to the curb is much shorter than that from the curb to the median. Pedestrians appear to be less cautious when crossing from the median to the curb as they are more likely to accept a shorter gap in traffic. This could indicate a shortfall in the design and/or operation of this type of crossing. Further considerations and investigations of what measures could be implemented to enhance safety and reduce risky behaviour at this type of crossing are recommended and certainly encouraged.

ACS Style

Wafaa Saleh; Monika Grigorova; Samia Elattar. Pedestrian Road Crossing at Uncontrolled Mid-Block Locations: Does the Refuge Island Increase Risk? Sustainability 2020, 12, 4891 .

AMA Style

Wafaa Saleh, Monika Grigorova, Samia Elattar. Pedestrian Road Crossing at Uncontrolled Mid-Block Locations: Does the Refuge Island Increase Risk? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):4891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wafaa Saleh; Monika Grigorova; Samia Elattar. 2020. "Pedestrian Road Crossing at Uncontrolled Mid-Block Locations: Does the Refuge Island Increase Risk?" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 4891.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2020 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Alcohol-involved riders tend to engage in other risk-taking behaviours such as un-helmeted riding which could further increases injury severity. The combined effect of alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riding on fatal injuries is rarely investigated. This study investigated the interaction effect between blood alcohol concentration and helmet use on fatal injuries. This study used the National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset for the period from 2011 to 2015. Data on road crashes involving a motorcycle and an automobile were extracted and analysed. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). We calculated an interaction effect for blood alcohol concentration and helmet use based on STROBE guidelines. There were a total of 669,292 motorcyclist casualties; among these casualties, 3459 (0.5 %) motorcyclists sustained fatal injuries. Alcohol-involved riders were 9.47 times (AOR = 9.47; 95 % CI = 8.75–10.25) more likely than sober ones to sustain fatal injuries. Alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riders were approximately 18 times (AOR = 18.1; CI: 15.9–20.4) more likely to sustain fatal injuries than sober and helmeted riders. Riders involved in head-on crashes and approach-turn motorcycle crashes had an increased probability of sustaining fatal injuries by 240 % (AOR = 3.4; 95 % CI = 2.91–4.09) and 132 % (AOR = 2.3; 95 % CI = 2.016–2.67), respectively. This study found that alcohol-involved riding acts synergistically with un-helmeted riding to increase motorcyclist injury severity.

ACS Style

Bayu Satria Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Shiao-Tzu Ma; Yi-Hua Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai. Evaluating the combined effect of alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riding on motorcyclist fatalities in Taiwan. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2020, 143, 105594 .

AMA Style

Bayu Satria Wiratama, Ping-Ling Chen, Shiao-Tzu Ma, Yi-Hua Chen, Wafaa Saleh, Hui-An Lin, Chih-Wei Pai. Evaluating the combined effect of alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riding on motorcyclist fatalities in Taiwan. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2020; 143 ():105594.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayu Satria Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Shiao-Tzu Ma; Yi-Hua Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai. 2020. "Evaluating the combined effect of alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riding on motorcyclist fatalities in Taiwan." Accident Analysis & Prevention 143, no. : 105594.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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This paper assesses pedestrian crossing behavior and critical gaps at a two-way midblock crossing location. A critical gap is the shortest gap that a pedestrian accepts when crossing a road. A dataset was collected in 2017 in Edinburgh (UK). The analysis was performed using the fuzzy logic system. The adopted membership function of the fuzzy logic system is of a triangular form since it has a simple and convenient structure. The input variables that are used in the analysis are the number and length of rejected gaps and length of accepted gaps at the crossing location. The output variables are the critical gaps. The results show that assessing critical gap estimation of pedestrians crossing using fuzzy logic is achievable and produces reasonable values that are comparable to values that are reported in the literature. This outcome improves the understanding of pedestrian crossing behavior and could therefore have implications for transport infrastructure design. Further analysis using additional parameters including waiting time and demographic characteristics and alternative forms for membership functions are strongly encouraged.

ACS Style

Wafaa Shoukry Saleh; Maha M A Lashin. Investigation of Critical Gap for Pedestrian Crossing Using Fuzzy Logic System. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3653 .

AMA Style

Wafaa Shoukry Saleh, Maha M A Lashin. Investigation of Critical Gap for Pedestrian Crossing Using Fuzzy Logic System. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (10):3653.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wafaa Shoukry Saleh; Maha M A Lashin. 2020. "Investigation of Critical Gap for Pedestrian Crossing Using Fuzzy Logic System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3653.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2020 in BMC Public Health
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Background Motorcycle full-coverage helmet use may reduce fatalities and head injuries. Methods This retrospective cohort study extracted injury data from eight level-I trauma centres in Taiwan and performed a questionnaire survey to investigate injuries sustained by motorcyclists for the period between January 2015 and June 2017. Results As many as 725 patients participated in the questionnaire survey and reported their helmet types or phone use during crashes. The results of multivariate logistic models demonstrated that nonstandard helmet (half or open-face helmet) use was associated with an increased risk of head injuries and more severe injuries (injury severity score ≥ 8). Drunk riding and phone use appeared to be two important risk factors for head injuries and increased injury severity. Anaemia was also found to be a determinant of head injuries.” Conclusions Compared to full-coverage helmets, nonstandard provide less protection against head injuries and increased injury severity among motorcyclists.

ACS Style

Carlos Lam; Bayu Wiratama; Wen-Han Chang; Ping-Ling Chen; Wen-Ta Chiu; Wafaa Saleh; Chih-Wei Pai. Effect of motorcycle helmet types on head injuries: evidence from eight level-I trauma centres in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2020, 20, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Carlos Lam, Bayu Wiratama, Wen-Han Chang, Ping-Ling Chen, Wen-Ta Chiu, Wafaa Saleh, Chih-Wei Pai. Effect of motorcycle helmet types on head injuries: evidence from eight level-I trauma centres in Taiwan. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Lam; Bayu Wiratama; Wen-Han Chang; Ping-Ling Chen; Wen-Ta Chiu; Wafaa Saleh; Chih-Wei Pai. 2020. "Effect of motorcycle helmet types on head injuries: evidence from eight level-I trauma centres in Taiwan." BMC Public Health 20, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2019 in Sustainability
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At non-signalized marked crosswalks, pedestrian priority is neither well-defined nor well acknowledged by drivers. This paper presents the findings of an investigation on both driver and pedestrian behavior at non-signalized marked crosswalks located on channelized right-turn lanes at intersections in the State of Qatar. Five crosswalks in Doha city were video recorded from discrete locations on a typical working day. The results from the data analysis of 1620 pedestrians’ behavior indicated that waiting behavior, gap acceptance, and crossing speed are complex phenomena and depend upon both pedestrians’ characteristics as well as their crossing characteristics. The drivers’ yielding behavior was mainly linked to pedestrians’ gender and adjacent land use. Low driver yielding rates indicated that significant improvements are required to enhance pedestrian safety. Among pedestrian attributes, gender had the most significant effect on crossing behavior followed by distractions, crossing in a group or alone, and dressing style. Findings of this research will be useful for planners when designing crosswalks at new intersections and during simulations of pedestrian and driver behavior at marked crosswalks on exclusive right-turn lanes. The results of this study will also be directly applicable to the Arabian Gulf countries as they exhibit similar conditions as the State of Qatar.

ACS Style

Deepti Muley; Mohamed Kharbeche; Lucy Downey; Wafaa Saleh; Mohammed Al-Salem. Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5699 .

AMA Style

Deepti Muley, Mohamed Kharbeche, Lucy Downey, Wafaa Saleh, Mohammed Al-Salem. Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deepti Muley; Mohamed Kharbeche; Lucy Downey; Wafaa Saleh; Mohammed Al-Salem. 2019. "Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5699.

Review articles
Published: 02 October 2016 in Behaviour & Information Technology
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The paper investigates the effects of phone use (talking, texting, and listening to music) on the street-crossing behaviours of pedestrians and their inattentional blindness in Taiwan. Recent handsets with touchscreens, as well as more advanced features including multimedia, and mobile applications (apps), exacerbate problems relating to cognitive distraction and reduced situation awareness. A controlled field study using video cameras was conducted for observing pedestrians’ crossing behaviours (e.g. crossing time, sudden stops, looking both ways before crossing, and disobeying traffic signals). Pedestrians were classified into two groups: experimental group (talking, texting, and listening to music) and control group (no phone use). Pedestrians’ inattentional blindness was examined by evaluating whether they saw and heard an unusual object (i.e. a clown) nearby. The results indicate that the proportions of unsafe crossing behaviours (e.g. sudden stops, disobeying traffic signals, and not looking both ways before crossing) were higher among distracted individuals and more pronounced among those using instant-messaging apps. These instant-message app users were the least likely to see the clown, and music listeners were the least likely to hear the horn that the clown was honking. Contributing factors to unsafe behaviours include being a student, having a phone screen of 5 inches or larger, and having unlimited 3G Internet access. Texting message via apps was the leading factor on unsafe crossing behaviours of pedestrians and their inattentional blindness.

ACS Style

Ping-Ling Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Chih-Wei Pai. Texting and walking: a controlled field study of crossing behaviours and inattentional blindness in Taiwan. Behaviour & Information Technology 2016, 36, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Ping-Ling Chen, Wafaa Saleh, Chih-Wei Pai. Texting and walking: a controlled field study of crossing behaviours and inattentional blindness in Taiwan. Behaviour & Information Technology. 2016; 36 (4):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping-Ling Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Chih-Wei Pai. 2016. "Texting and walking: a controlled field study of crossing behaviours and inattentional blindness in Taiwan." Behaviour & Information Technology 36, no. 4: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Literature has suggested that angle/rear-end collisions would arise from the reality that motorists and motorcyclists tended to accelerate aggressively in response to the remaining seconds of green signal countdown device (GSCD). One safety concern, while GSCD has gradually been removed for safety in Taiwan, is pedestrian green signal countdown device (PGSCD) that is used by approaching motorists and motorcyclists that may adopt the information to travel aggressively - an unintended consequence that is detrimental to safety. Research has reported that there appeared no negative effect of PGSCD on motorist behaviours but the effect on motorcyclists' behaviours has been rarely investigated. Using video/speed cameras, the current research investigates motorcyclists' RLV (red-light violation) behaviours. The descriptive analyses indicate that the percentage of RLV at PGSCD intersection is higher than that at typical intersection, and the violating motorcycles appear to have higher travelling speeds at PGSCD intersection. Several interaction terms were examined with the binary logit framework, and the results reveal that several factors are associated with RLV, notably male/young riders, moped/large motorcycle users, higher approaching speeds of motorcycles, those with tropical helmets, and lower traffic volume. Similar determinants of early-start behaviours (for those waiting at reds and could view the PGSCDs for the crossing pedestrians at the same time) were identified. Implications of the research findings, the concluding remarks, and recommendations for future research are finally provided.

ACS Style

Ping-Ling Chen; Chih-Wei Pai; Rong-Chang Jou; Wafaa Saleh; Ming-Shin Kuo. Exploring motorcycle red-light violation in response to pedestrian green signal countdown device. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2015, 75, 128 -136.

AMA Style

Ping-Ling Chen, Chih-Wei Pai, Rong-Chang Jou, Wafaa Saleh, Ming-Shin Kuo. Exploring motorcycle red-light violation in response to pedestrian green signal countdown device. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2015; 75 ():128-136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ping-Ling Chen; Chih-Wei Pai; Rong-Chang Jou; Wafaa Saleh; Ming-Shin Kuo. 2015. "Exploring motorcycle red-light violation in response to pedestrian green signal countdown device." Accident Analysis & Prevention 75, no. : 128-136.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2008 in Safety Science
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ACS Style

Chih-Wei Pai; Wafaa Saleh. Modelling motorcyclist injury severity by various crash types at T-junctions in the UK. Safety Science 2008, 46, 1234 -1247.

AMA Style

Chih-Wei Pai, Wafaa Saleh. Modelling motorcyclist injury severity by various crash types at T-junctions in the UK. Safety Science. 2008; 46 (8):1234-1247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chih-Wei Pai; Wafaa Saleh. 2008. "Modelling motorcyclist injury severity by various crash types at T-junctions in the UK." Safety Science 46, no. 8: 1234-1247.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2008 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Research has suggested that motorcyclists involved in approach-turn crashes were much more injurious than any other crash-type. This paper investigates the determinants of motorcyclist injury severity resulting from such crash types that occurred at T-junctions, with emphasis on the effects of driver's failure to give way and various junction control measures. The ordered probit models of motorcyclist injury severity were estimated using the data extracted from the STATS19 accident injury database (1991-2004). Approach-turn collisions are categorised into two sub-crashes based on the manoeuvres motorcycles and vehicles were making prior to the collisions. The modelling results uncover several important determinants of injury severity: for example, injuries appeared to be greatest when an approaching motorcycle collided with a turning-right vehicle, and such effect was found to exacerbate injury severity when stop, give-way signs and markings controlled the junction. A turning-right driver that was identified to fail to yield to an approaching motorcyclist was also found to severely injure the motorcyclist. The findings of this study may offer guidelines for further research and provide some important preliminary evidence for the development of countermeasures that may help prevent the specific hazards from occurring.

ACS Style

Chih-Wei Pai; Wafaa Saleh. Exploring motorcyclist injury severity in approach-turn collisions at T-junctions: Focusing on the effects of driver's failure to yield and junction control measures. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2008, 40, 479 -486.

AMA Style

Chih-Wei Pai, Wafaa Saleh. Exploring motorcyclist injury severity in approach-turn collisions at T-junctions: Focusing on the effects of driver's failure to yield and junction control measures. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2008; 40 (2):479-486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chih-Wei Pai; Wafaa Saleh. 2008. "Exploring motorcyclist injury severity in approach-turn collisions at T-junctions: Focusing on the effects of driver's failure to yield and junction control measures." Accident Analysis & Prevention 40, no. 2: 479-486.

Original articles
Published: 21 January 2008 in International Journal of Crashworthiness
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Sideswipe collisions between motorcycles and other motorised vehicles are one of the frequently occurring types of crashes at junctions in the United Kingdom and such collisions can be injurious to motorcyclists due to their vulnerability to injuries in nature. Research focusing on vehicle–bicycle sideswipe crashes has suggested that vehicles shunting/passing bicycles from behind were particularly likely to result in severe injuries to bicyclists. There seems to be a relative dearth of studies in literature exploring the determinants of motorcyclist injury severity resulting from sideswipe collisions. Using the data extracted from the UK STATS19 accident injury database (1991–2004), this article estimates the statistical models to identify whether a specific manoeuvre by motorcycle or vehicle (e.g., overtaking or changing lanes) is more hazardous to motorcyclists in sideswipe collisions at T-junctions. The modelling results show that injuries to motorcyclists were greatest when an overtaking motorcycle collided with a turning vehicle and such effect appeared to be more severe at unsignalised junctions. The findings of this study may offer guidelines for further research and provide some important preliminary evidence for the development of countermeasures that could help prevent the most hazardous condition(s) from occurring.

ACS Style

Chih-Wei Pai; Wafaa Saleh. Modelling motorcyclist injury severity resulting from sideswipe collisions at T-junctions in the United Kingdom: new insights into the effects of manoeuvres. International Journal of Crashworthiness 2008, 13, 89 -98.

AMA Style

Chih-Wei Pai, Wafaa Saleh. Modelling motorcyclist injury severity resulting from sideswipe collisions at T-junctions in the United Kingdom: new insights into the effects of manoeuvres. International Journal of Crashworthiness. 2008; 13 (1):89-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chih-Wei Pai; Wafaa Saleh. 2008. "Modelling motorcyclist injury severity resulting from sideswipe collisions at T-junctions in the United Kingdom: new insights into the effects of manoeuvres." International Journal of Crashworthiness 13, no. 1: 89-98.

Editorial
Published: 05 December 2006 in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
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ACS Style

Wafaa Saleh. Success and failure of travel demand management: Is congestion charging the way forward? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2006, 41, 611 -614.

AMA Style

Wafaa Saleh. Success and failure of travel demand management: Is congestion charging the way forward? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2006; 41 (7):611-614.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wafaa Saleh. 2006. "Success and failure of travel demand management: Is congestion charging the way forward?" Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 41, no. 7: 611-614.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2006 in Safety Science
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The effects various junction control measures have on accident frequencies among vehicles have been investigated by previous studies through the use of statistical modelling techniques but such effects on motorcyclist injury severity, given that a junction-type accident has occurred, have received little attention in literature. This paper attempts to estimate econometric models of motorcyclist injury severity under different control measures at three-legged junctions in the UK, as a function of demographic, vehicle and environmental factors. Separate ordered probit models were estimated for unsignalised and signalised junctions, using the data extracted from the STATS19 accident injury database (1999–2004). Also examined in the models are collision partners’ aggressiveness toward motorcyclists and the impacts various crash configurations have on injury severity. The modelling results uncover several combined factors that were deadly to motorcyclists: for example, injuries tended to be much more severe while motorcyclists involving in approach-turn collisions at signalised junctions than at unsignalised junctions. This study ultimately offers insights into potential countermeasures that could be undertaken to help lessen motorcyclist injury severity at three-legged junctions in the UK.

ACS Style

Chih-Wei Pai; Wafaa Saleh. An analysis of motorcyclist injury severity under various traffic control measures at three-legged junctions in the UK. Safety Science 2006, 45, 832 -847.

AMA Style

Chih-Wei Pai, Wafaa Saleh. An analysis of motorcyclist injury severity under various traffic control measures at three-legged junctions in the UK. Safety Science. 2006; 45 (8):832-847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chih-Wei Pai; Wafaa Saleh. 2006. "An analysis of motorcyclist injury severity under various traffic control measures at three-legged junctions in the UK." Safety Science 45, no. 8: 832-847.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2005 in Transport Policy
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This paper presents an investigation into the impacts of the introduction of congestion charges on shopping trips in Edinburgh. Other transport policies such as parking costs, public transport costs and petrol fees have also been investigated, using logistic regression analysis. The results indicate a potential reduction in car shopping trips to the City Centre as a result of introducing congestion charging and a possible increase in shopping trips by other modes. Traffic congestion does not seem to be the main barrier for people to shop at the City Centre; rather access to and availability of parking spaces most affect the accessibility of the City Centre. Moreover, the introduction of congestion charges may result in the improvement of accessibility of public transport as well as reductions in traffic congestion allowing better access into the City Centre.

ACS Style

Shucheng Hu; Wafaa Saleh. Impacts of congestion charging on shopping trips in Edinburgh. Transport Policy 2005, 12, 443 -450.

AMA Style

Shucheng Hu, Wafaa Saleh. Impacts of congestion charging on shopping trips in Edinburgh. Transport Policy. 2005; 12 (5):443-450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shucheng Hu; Wafaa Saleh. 2005. "Impacts of congestion charging on shopping trips in Edinburgh." Transport Policy 12, no. 5: 443-450.