This paper presents the dynamic analysis of a permanent magnet DC motor using a buck converter controlled by zero average dynamics (ZADs) and fixed-point inducting control (FPIC). Initially, the steady-state behavior of the closed-loop system was observed and then transient behavior analyzed while maintaining a fixed ZAD control parameter and changing the FPIC parameter. Other behaviors were studied when the value of the ZAD control parameter changed and the FPIC parameter was maintained at the initial value. Besides, bifurcation diagrams were built with one and two delay periods by changing the control parameter of the FPIC and maintaining fixed ZAD parameters while some disturbances were carried out in the electric source. The results show that the ZAD-FPIC controller allowed good regulation of the speed for different reference values. The ZAD-FPIC control technique is effective for controlling the buck converter with the motor, even with two delay periods. The robustness of the system was checked by changing the voltage of the source. It was shown that the system used a fixed switching frequency because the duty cycle was not saturated for certain ranges of the control parameters shown in the research. This technique can be used for higher order systems with experimental phenomena such as quantization effects, time delays, and variations in the input signal.

This paper presents the use of the buck converter with Zero Average Dynamics to control the speed of a permanent magnet direct current motor. For this objective, we consider a fourth-order nonlinear model that describes the system’s dynamics and tests different scenarios to determine how the direct current motor responds. The results show a robust speed tracking performance of the direct current motor under the reference signal and controller parameter changes and disturbances in the load torque. A non-saturated duty cycle with fixed commutation frequency is obtained in the power supply of the DC motor, and a low steady-state value of the speed tracking error is achieved in both experimental and simulation results. In summary, the effectiveness of the Zero Average Dynamics control strategy for high order systems was experimentally proved.

Uno de los métodos utilizados para analizar impactos ambientales ocurridos a través del tiempo, es conocer la evolución de los ecosistemas mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica-SIG; así que en este artículo, se presenta un análisis multitemporal de una zona con influencia de dos sistemas productivos principalmente: la ganadería y la minería y sobre la cual se presentan impactos ambientales significativos. La metodología partió de la utilización y digitalización de fotografías aéreas de los años 1998 y 2010 y una imagen tomada de Google Earth del año 2015 debidamente georreferenciada, se trabajó con una escala 1:25000; así mismo, se utilizó el programa ArcGIS para el procesamiento de la información. En el análisis se estableció como han sido las variaciones en las coberturas vegetales en el tiempo, la influencia de los sistemas productivos sobre las áreas boscosas, las áreas que han tenido procesos de recuperación y otras que con el tiempo han ido desapareciendo.

The accuracy of control systems applied to motors is influenced by uncertainties and abrupt variations of the load and system parameters. Some robust control strategies have been proposed in the literature for responding to disturbances and uncertainties, parametric variations, and non-linearities, adding complex control rules and considerable computational efforts. Therefore, this paper presents the application of a sliding mode control method based on a washout filter (SMC-w) for speed control in a permanent magnet DC motor. In addition, the dynamic behavior of the SMC-w is evaluated under changes in the reference speed and load torque. The response of the control system under variations of the speed reference signal and load torque were studied. The results were contrasted with conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) control to evaluate the efficiency and improvement of the SMC-w. The qualitative shape of the transient response of the speed and current concerning changes in the reference speed is symmetric for the SMC-w controller, but the values of overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error are different. This technique has a great potential for industrial application as it controls efficiently with low computational cost and a simple design, which benefits its implementation in practical environments.