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Bioenergy production is one of the most reliable strategies for replacing fossil fuels and reducing CO2 emissions. Gasification-based bioenergy generation has been extensively studied; however, it is still facing the challenges of limited energy efficiencies, especially upon small-scale development. Concentrated solar thermochemical gasification of biomass (CSTGB) where the endothermic reactions of gasification are driven by concentrated solar thermal energy serves as a promising solution to improve the efficiency of gasification. This review summarized recent development in modeling concentrated solar thermochemical gasification of biomass, the method of concentrated solar thermal for gasification, and applications and development of concentrated solar thermal biomass gasification. The influences of operating parameters toward the performance of the technology were studied, which determine the optimum parameters for maximizing the energy conversion efficiency of the technology. CSTGB could improve the utilization of biomass feedstocks and the total energy efficiency by 30% and 40%, respectively by effectively storing solar energy in the producer gas as compared to conventional gasification.
Yi Fang; Manosh C. Paul; Sunita Varjani; Xian Li; Young-Kwon Park; Siming You. Concentrated solar thermochemical gasification of biomass: Principles, applications, and development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 150, 111484 .
AMA StyleYi Fang, Manosh C. Paul, Sunita Varjani, Xian Li, Young-Kwon Park, Siming You. Concentrated solar thermochemical gasification of biomass: Principles, applications, and development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 150 ():111484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Fang; Manosh C. Paul; Sunita Varjani; Xian Li; Young-Kwon Park; Siming You. 2021. "Concentrated solar thermochemical gasification of biomass: Principles, applications, and development." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 150, no. : 111484.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that wide application of electric vehicles (EVs) are subject to significant improvements in battery technology. Temperature sensitivity is a major issue adversely affecting battery performance and requiring a robust thermal control. Yet, this is challenged by the large variety of temporal scenarios though which heat is generated in a battery pack, demanding dynamic tools to predict the thermal evolution of batteries. Classical transfer functions provide a low-cost and effective predictive tool. However, they are limited to linear systems, while nonlinear predictive tools can become impractical for EV applications. Therefore, this study provides a methodology to assess the dynamics of battery cooling. This is achieved through conduction of high fidelity modelling of battery cooling exposed to different temporal disturbances on the internal heat generation. The results are then post-processed to evaluate the extent of linearity. A quantitative measure of non-linearity is further applied to clearly determine the degree of nonlinearity in the heat transfer response. It is shown that battery cooling system can be approximated as a linear dynamical system as long as the disturbances are of short duration and relatively low amplitude. Conversely, long and large amplitude temporal disturbances can render strongly nonlinear thermal responses.
Ali Saeed; Nader Karimi; Manosh C. Paul. Analysis of the unsteady thermal response of a Li-ion battery pack to dynamic loads. Energy 2021, 231, 120947 .
AMA StyleAli Saeed, Nader Karimi, Manosh C. Paul. Analysis of the unsteady thermal response of a Li-ion battery pack to dynamic loads. Energy. 2021; 231 ():120947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Saeed; Nader Karimi; Manosh C. Paul. 2021. "Analysis of the unsteady thermal response of a Li-ion battery pack to dynamic loads." Energy 231, no. : 120947.
The aim of this work is to investigate a novel integrated cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system with biomass gasification, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), micro‐gas turbine, and absorption chiller. The performance of this system is analyzed by mathematical models consisting of lumped models of SOFC and absorption chiller and one‐dimensional model of a downdraft biomass gasifier. Effects of main operating parameters such as moisture content of biomass, air flow rate in the gasifier, and temperature of fuel gas on the overall energy and exergy performance of CCHP system are evaluated. The net present value (NPV) method is used to analyze the economic prospects of this system. The results show that higher flow rate of air for the gasifier with lower moisture content of biomass are beneficial for the improvement of the output of cooling, heating, and power of CCHP, and, accordingly, the electrical efficiency as well as overall energy and exergy efficiency of CCHP rises. Increasing mass flow rate of air for the gasifier can increase exergy efficiency by 10%. Moisture content less than 0.2 could result in exergy efficiency greater than 45% and CCHP efficiency over 65%.The decrease of the exhaust gas temperature further boosts the production of cooling and heating of the CCHP system. Specifically, a 10% improvement of overall efficiency of CCHP is obtained when the exhaust gas temperature is reduced to 90°C. In this work, an electrical efficiency over 50%, exergy efficiency more than 40%, and CCHP efficiency up to 80% can be achieved. Economic assessment shows that the initial investment of SOFC is above 50%‐60% of the total investment of the CCHP and the payback period is about 7‐8 years.
Junxi Jia; Guiyan Zang; Manosh C. Paul. Energy, exergy, and economic ( 3E ) evaluation of a CCHP system with biomass gasifier, solid oxide fuel cells, micro‐gas turbine, and absorption chiller. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJunxi Jia, Guiyan Zang, Manosh C. Paul. Energy, exergy, and economic ( 3E ) evaluation of a CCHP system with biomass gasifier, solid oxide fuel cells, micro‐gas turbine, and absorption chiller. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunxi Jia; Guiyan Zang; Manosh C. Paul. 2021. "Energy, exergy, and economic ( 3E ) evaluation of a CCHP system with biomass gasifier, solid oxide fuel cells, micro‐gas turbine, and absorption chiller." International Journal of Energy Research , no. : 1.
Much attention has been recently paid to biomass CO2 gasification as a means of CO2 utilisation and mitigation. In this study, a novel low-cost theoretical tool based on thermodynamic equilibrium, and a computational fluid dynamics model are developed to analyse gasification of biomass particles in a CO2 atmosphere. It is shown that increases in C/CO2 enhances the production of hydrogen and results in improving energy and exergy efficiencies of the process. In keeping with that reported for air gasification, increasing the moisture content of biomass intensifies hydrogen production and reduces the yield of CO. The effects of particle temperature on the gasification process are further explored through a spatiotemporal analysis of the gaseous chemical species. In particular, the results reveal that higher initial temperatures of biomass at the entrance of the reactor lead to stronger generation of chemical entropy. Also, the time trace of entropy generation is found to be affected significantly by the initial temperature of the biomass particle. Importantly, the relation between the particle temperature and total entropy generation is observed to be highly nonlinear. Further, it is found that the irreversibility of chemical reactions is the most significant contributor to the total entropy generation in the process.
Linwei Wang; Ainul N. Izaharuddin; Nader Karimi; Manosh C. Paul. A numerical investigation of CO2 gasification of biomass particles- analysis of energy, exergy and entropy generation. Energy 2021, 228, 120615 .
AMA StyleLinwei Wang, Ainul N. Izaharuddin, Nader Karimi, Manosh C. Paul. A numerical investigation of CO2 gasification of biomass particles- analysis of energy, exergy and entropy generation. Energy. 2021; 228 ():120615.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinwei Wang; Ainul N. Izaharuddin; Nader Karimi; Manosh C. Paul. 2021. "A numerical investigation of CO2 gasification of biomass particles- analysis of energy, exergy and entropy generation." Energy 228, no. : 120615.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and time‐resolved phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) are potential non‐invasive methods for the assessment of the severity of arterial stenoses. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the current “gold standard” for determining stenosis severity in the coronary arteries but is an invasive method requiring insertion of a pressure wire. CFD derived FFR (vFFR) is an alternative to traditional catheter derived FFR now available commercially for coronary artery assessment, however, it can potentially be applied to a wider range of vulnerable vessels such as the iliac arteries. In this study CFD simulations are used to assess the ability of vFFR in predicting the stenosis severity in a patient with a stenosis of 77% area reduction (>50% diameter reduction) in the right iliac artery. Variations of vFFR, overall pressure drop and flow split between the vessels were observed by using different boundary conditions. Correlations between boundary condition parameters and resulting flow variables are presented. The study concludes that vFFR has good potential to characterise iliac artery stenotic disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Simeon Skopalik; Pauline Hall Barrientos; James Matthews; Aleksandra Radjenovic; Patrick Mark; Giles Roditi; Manosh C. Paul. Image‐based computational fluid dynamics for estimating pressure drop and fractional flow reserve across iliac artery stenosis: A comparison with in‐vivo measurements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSimeon Skopalik, Pauline Hall Barrientos, James Matthews, Aleksandra Radjenovic, Patrick Mark, Giles Roditi, Manosh C. Paul. Image‐based computational fluid dynamics for estimating pressure drop and fractional flow reserve across iliac artery stenosis: A comparison with in‐vivo measurements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimeon Skopalik; Pauline Hall Barrientos; James Matthews; Aleksandra Radjenovic; Patrick Mark; Giles Roditi; Manosh C. Paul. 2021. "Image‐based computational fluid dynamics for estimating pressure drop and fractional flow reserve across iliac artery stenosis: A comparison with in‐vivo measurements." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering , no. : 1.
The paper presents a numerical investigation of the critical roles played by the chemical compositions of syngas on laminar diffusion flame instabilities. Three different flame phenomena – stable, flickering and tip-cutting – are formulated by varying the syngas fuel rate from 0.2 to 1.4 SLPM. Following the satisfactory validation of numerical results with Darabkhani et al. [1], the study explored the consequence of each species (H2, CO, CH4, CO2, N2) in the syngas composition. It is found that low H2:CO has a higher level of instability, which however does not rise any further when the ratio is less than 1. Interestingly, CO encourages the heat generation with less fluctuation while H2 plays another significant role in the increase of flame temperature and its fluctuation. Diluting CH4 into syngas further increases the instability level as well as the fluctuation of heat generation significantly. However, an opposite effect is found from the same action with either CO2 or N2. Finally, considering the heat generation and flame stability, the highest performance is obtained from 25%H2+75%CO (81 W), followed by EQ+20%CO2, and EQ+20%N2 (78 W).
Tananop Piemsinlapakunchon; Manosh C. Paul. Effect of syngas fuel compositions on the occurrence of instability of laminar diffusion flame. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 46, 7573 -7588.
AMA StyleTananop Piemsinlapakunchon, Manosh C. Paul. Effect of syngas fuel compositions on the occurrence of instability of laminar diffusion flame. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 46 (10):7573-7588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTananop Piemsinlapakunchon; Manosh C. Paul. 2020. "Effect of syngas fuel compositions on the occurrence of instability of laminar diffusion flame." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 10: 7573-7588.
Aiming at improving the quality of syngas, the thermochemical behaviour of syngas formation during a single coal particle gasification process is investigated based on a validated numerical model. Initially, simulations of coal gasification with steam (H2O) are conducted in a reactor, and the results show that the steam gasification generally favours the production of H2 and CH4. However, a switch of agent to CO2 into the gasifier influences the gasification products having H2, CO and CH4. This is then prompted to the investigation of a mixture of H2O and CO2 agent in the reactor’s environment, and the results show a promising indicator in producing the overall better syngas quality. Moreover, the influence of the coal particle size and gasification temperature on the syngas production is studied. The results identify that the concentration of syngas products is higher when using smaller coal particles as the behaviour of heterogeneous reactions of CO formation is affected by the particle size. Finally, high temperature promoted the chemical reactions of the gasification process, resulting in the improved production of syngas.
Tata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C. Paul. Utilization of H2O and CO2 in Coal Particle Gasification with an Impact of Temperature and Particle Size. Energy & Fuels 2020, 34, 12841 -12852.
AMA StyleTata Sutardi, Linwei Wang, Nader Karimi, Manosh C. Paul. Utilization of H2O and CO2 in Coal Particle Gasification with an Impact of Temperature and Particle Size. Energy & Fuels. 2020; 34 (10):12841-12852.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C. Paul. 2020. "Utilization of H2O and CO2 in Coal Particle Gasification with an Impact of Temperature and Particle Size." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 10: 12841-12852.
In this study, a packed bed reactor was developed to investigate the gasification process of coal particles. The effects of coal particle size and heater temperature of reactor were examined to identify the thermochemical processes through the packed bed. Three different coal samples with varying size, named as A, B, and C, are used, and the experimental results show that the packed bed with smaller coal size has higher temperature, reaching 624 °C, 582 °C, and 569 °C for coal A, B, and C, respectively. In the case of CO formation, the smaller particle size has greater products in the unit of mole fraction over the area of generation. However, the variation in the porosity of the packed bed due to different coal particle sizes affects the reactions through the oxygen access. Consequently, the CO formation is least from the coal packed bed formed by the smallest particle size A. A second test with the temperature variations shows that the higher heater temperature promotes the chemical reactions, resulting in the increased gas products. The findings indicate the important role of coal seam porosity in underground coal gasification application, as well as temperature to promote the syngas productions.
Tata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C. Paul. Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020, 7, 1 -17.
AMA StyleTata Sutardi, Linwei Wang, Nader Karimi, Manosh C. Paul. Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology. 2020; 7 (3):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C. Paul. 2020. "Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 3: 1-17.
In this study, a packed bed reactor is developed to investigate the gasification process of coal particles. The effects of coal particle size and heater temperature of reactor are examined to identify the thermochemical processes through the packed bed. Three different coal samples with varying size, named as A, B, and C, are used, and the experimental results show that the packed bed with smaller coal size has higher temperature, reaching 624oC, 582oC, and 569oC for coal A, B, and C respectively. In the case of CO formation, the smaller particle size has greater products in the unit of mole fraction over the area of generation. However, the variation in the porosity of the packed bed due to different coal particle sizes affects the reactions through the oxygen access. Consequently, the CO formation is least from the coal packed bed formed by the smallest particle size A. A second test with the temperature variations shows that the higher heater temperature promotes the chemical reactions, resulting in the increased gas products. The findings indicate the important role of coal seam porosity in UCG (underground coal gasification) application, as well as temperature to promote the syngas productions.
Tata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C Paul. Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleTata Sutardi, Linwei Wang, Nader Karimi, Manosh C Paul. Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C Paul. 2020. "Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG." , no. : 1.
In this study, a packed bed reactor is developed to investigate the gasification process of coal particles. The effects of coal particle size and heater temperature of reactor are examined to identify the thermochemical processes through the packed bed. Three different coal samples with varying size, named as A, B, and C, are used, and the experimental results show that the coal packed bed with smaller size has higher temperature, reaching 624 o C, 582 o C, and 569 o C for coal A, B, and C respectively. In the case of CO formation, the smaller particle size has greater products in the unit of mole fraction over the area of generation. However, the variation in the porosity of the coal packed bed due to different particle sizes affects the reactions through the oxygen access. Consequently, the CO formation is least from the coal packed bed formed by the smallest particle size A. A second test with the temperature variations shows that the higher heater temperature promotes the chemical reactions, resulting in the increased gas products. The findings indicate the important role of coal seam porosity in UCG (underground coal gasification) application, as well as temperature to promote the syngas productions.
Tata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C Paul. Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleTata Sutardi, Linwei Wang, Nader Karimi, Manosh C Paul. Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C Paul. 2020. "Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG." , no. : 1.
In this study, a packed bed reactor is developed to investigate the gasification process of coal particles. The effects of coal particle size and heater temperature of reactor are examined to identify the thermochemical processes through the packed bed. Three different coal samples with varying size, named as A, B, and C, are used, and the experimental results show that the coal packed bed with smaller size has higher temperature, reaching 624oC, 582oC, and 569oC for coal A, B, and C respectively. In the case of CO formation, the smaller particle size has greater products in the unit of mole fraction over the area of generation. However, the variation in the porosity of the coal packed bed due to different particle sizes affects the reactions through the oxygen access. Consequently, the CO formation is least from the coal packed bed formed by the smallest particle size A. A second test with the temperature variations shows that the higher heater temperature promotes the chemical reactions, resulting in the increased gas products. The findings indicate the important role of coal seam porosity in UCG (underground coal gasification) application, as well as temperature to promote the syngas productions.
Tata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C Paul. Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleTata Sutardi, Linwei Wang, Nader Karimi, Manosh C Paul. Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTata Sutardi; Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Manosh C Paul. 2020. "Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG." , no. : 1.
Chemical kinetics for char originated through biomass devolatization are the essential requirements for studying the thermochemical processes of gasification. While the char kinetics for typical biomass and coal feedstocks are numerously available in the literature, the gasification kinetics of char produced from food waste (FW) in CO2 environment are still unknown. Further, the chemical compositions of char and FW are significantly different than those from woody biomass and coal. To address this, an in-depth kinetic study for the CO2 gasification of FW char is conducted in this paper. FW is initially pyrolysed at 800°C, and char sample is sieved in the range 53-100μm before being gasified in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) under CO2 atmosphere at temperatures of 850°C, 900°C and 950°C. The experimental results show that the char conversion rate increases with the reaction times and temperature. Using the TGA data, three different kinetic models namely volumetric model (VM), shrinking core model (SCM) and random pore model (RPM), are developed and their effectiveness is thoroughly investigated. Comparing with the experimental results, SCM shows having a high regression at 850°C, while RPM at 900°C and 950°C. A power law (PL) model is also introduced and it demonstrates that its regression is higher than 99% at every gasification temperature investigated. Therefore, PL most precisely predicts the gasification kinetics, which also agrees well with RPM.
Ainul Nadirah Izaharuddin; Manosh C. Paul; Kunio Yoshikawa; Sarut Theppitak; Xin Dai. Comprehensive Kinetic Modeling Study of CO2 Gasification of Char Derived from Food Waste. Energy & Fuels 2020, 34, 1883 -1895.
AMA StyleAinul Nadirah Izaharuddin, Manosh C. Paul, Kunio Yoshikawa, Sarut Theppitak, Xin Dai. Comprehensive Kinetic Modeling Study of CO2 Gasification of Char Derived from Food Waste. Energy & Fuels. 2020; 34 (2):1883-1895.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAinul Nadirah Izaharuddin; Manosh C. Paul; Kunio Yoshikawa; Sarut Theppitak; Xin Dai. 2020. "Comprehensive Kinetic Modeling Study of CO2 Gasification of Char Derived from Food Waste." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 2: 1883-1895.
Biomass containing organic materials could come from a number of sources such as from agricultural residues, sustainable forests, waste food, and industry by-products. Also, being a renewable source of energy, it has the significant potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions releasing from the fossil fuel based technologies. Therefore, energy from biomass is becoming a favourable technology to convert solid fuel to valuable gas and one of the effective approaches is gasification. In this research, a three dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) steady-state thermochemical model is developed to simulate biomass (rubber wood) gasification in a downdraft gasifier. Simulated CFD model includes all the four zones (drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction) of gasifer. For optimising the gasifier temperature and syngas composition, a sensitivity analysis of homogeneous oxidation reactions is carried out, with the model identifying the suitable kinetic reactions for gasification. Predicted CFD modelling results are compared with those from the kinetic modelling and experimental results, where a good agreement is obtained. The effect of gasifier temperature, equivalence ratio (ER) and biomass feed rate on the syngas production is studied. Further, the effect of volatile composition and rate of Boudouard reaction at different ERs along the gasifier height is investigated.
Umesh Kumar; Manosh C. Paul. Sensitivity analysis of homogeneous reactions for thermochemical conversion of biomass in a downdraft gasifier. Renewable Energy 2019, 151, 332 -341.
AMA StyleUmesh Kumar, Manosh C. Paul. Sensitivity analysis of homogeneous reactions for thermochemical conversion of biomass in a downdraft gasifier. Renewable Energy. 2019; 151 ():332-341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmesh Kumar; Manosh C. Paul. 2019. "Sensitivity analysis of homogeneous reactions for thermochemical conversion of biomass in a downdraft gasifier." Renewable Energy 151, no. : 332-341.
Survival of entropy waves during their advection throughout a combustor is central to the generation of entropic sound and the subsequent effects upon thermoacoustic stability of the system. However, the decay and spatial non-uniformity of entropy waves are largely ignored by the existing models used for the calculation of entropy noise generation. Recent investigations have demonstrated the complex spatio-temporal dynamics of entropy waves and cast doubts on the sufficiency of the one-dimensional approach, conventionally used for the analysis of these waves. Hence, this paper proposes a novel approach to the low-order modelling of entropy wave evolution wherein the wave is described by the two states of position and amplitude in the streamwise direction. A high-order model is first developed through direct numerical simulation of the advection of entropy waves in a fully developed, heat transferring, compressible, turbulent channel flow. The data are then utilised to build and validate a series of nonlinear, low-order models that provide an unsteady two-dimensional representation of the decaying and partially annihilating entropy waves. It is shown that these models need, at most, approximately $12.5\,\%$ of the total trace of entropy wave advection to predict the wave dynamics accurately. The results further reveal that the existing linear low-order models are truly predictive only for the entropy waves with less than $2\,\%$ increase in the gas temperature compared to that of the surrounding flow. Yet, in agreement with the assumption of existing models, it is shown that entropy waves travel with the mean flow speed.
Loizos Christodoulou; Nader Karimi; Andrea Cammarano; Manosh Paul; Salvador Navarro-Martinez. State prediction of an entropy wave advecting through a turbulent channel flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 2019, 882, 1 .
AMA StyleLoizos Christodoulou, Nader Karimi, Andrea Cammarano, Manosh Paul, Salvador Navarro-Martinez. State prediction of an entropy wave advecting through a turbulent channel flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2019; 882 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoizos Christodoulou; Nader Karimi; Andrea Cammarano; Manosh Paul; Salvador Navarro-Martinez. 2019. "State prediction of an entropy wave advecting through a turbulent channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 882, no. : 1.
Gasification is one of the most important methods for converting biomass to syngas currently used in energy production. However, tar content in syngas limits its direct use and thus requires additional removal techniques. The modelling of tar formation, conversion and destruction along a gasifier could give a wider understanding of the process and subsequently help in tar elimination and reduction. However, tar complexity, which contains hundreds of species, makes the modelling process hard and computationally intensive, because the chemistry of the formation and the combustion of many species have not yet been fully studied. In this work, a detailed kinetic model for the evolution and formation of tar from downdraft gasifiers, for the first-time, was built. The model incorporates four main tar species (benzene, naphthalene, toluene, and phenol) with a total of eighteen different kinetic reactions implemented in the code for every zone. Experimental work was carried out to initially validate the results of the kinetic code and found a good agreement. Further experiments were conducted at three different equivalence ratios (ERs) and at three different temperatures (800, 900, and 1100 °C). Sensitivity analysis was then carried out by the kinetic code to optimise the working parameters of a downdraft gasifier that led to a higher calorific value of syngas. The results reveal that a tar evolution model is more accurate for wood biomass materials and that using ER around 0.3, and moisture content levels lower than 10% lead to the production of higher value syngas with lower tar amounts.
Ahmed M. Salem; Ilman Nuran Zaini; Manosh C. Paul; Weihong Yang. The evolution and formation of tar species in a downdraft gasifier: Numerical modelling and experimental validation. Biomass and Bioenergy 2019, 130, 105377 .
AMA StyleAhmed M. Salem, Ilman Nuran Zaini, Manosh C. Paul, Weihong Yang. The evolution and formation of tar species in a downdraft gasifier: Numerical modelling and experimental validation. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2019; 130 ():105377.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed M. Salem; Ilman Nuran Zaini; Manosh C. Paul; Weihong Yang. 2019. "The evolution and formation of tar species in a downdraft gasifier: Numerical modelling and experimental validation." Biomass and Bioenergy 130, no. : 105377.
Demand for the clean and sustainable energy encourages the research and development in the efficient production and utilisation of syngas for low-carbon power and heating/cooling applications. However, diversity in the chemical composition of syngas, resulting due to its flexible production process and feedstock, often poses a significant challenge for the design and operation of an effective combustion system. To address this, the research presented in this paper is particularly focused on an in-depth understanding of the heat generation and emission formation of syngas/producer gas flames with an effect of the fuel compositions. The heat generated by flame not only depends on the flame temperature but also on the chemistry heat release of fuel and flame dimension. The study reports that the syngas/producer gas with a low H2:CO maximises the heat generation, nevertheless the higher emission rate of CO2 is inevitable. The generated heat flux at H2:CO = 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 is found to be 222, 432 and 538 W m-2 respectively. At the same amount of heat generated, H2 concentration in fuel dominates the emission of NOx. The addition of CH4 into the syngas/producer gas with H2:CO = 1:1 also increases the heat generation significantly (e.g. 614 W m-2 at 20%) while decreases the emission formation. In contrast, adding 20% CO2 and N2 to the syngas/producer gas composition reduces the heat generation from 432 W m-2 to 364 and 290 W m-2, respectively. The role of CO2 on this aspect, which is weaker than N2, thus suggests CO2 is preferable than N2. Along with the study, the significant role of CO2 on the radiation of heat and the reduction of emission are examined.
Tananop Piemsinlapakunchon; Manosh C. Paul. Effects of fuel compositions on the heat generation and emission of syngas/producer gas laminar diffusion flame. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 18505 -18516.
AMA StyleTananop Piemsinlapakunchon, Manosh C. Paul. Effects of fuel compositions on the heat generation and emission of syngas/producer gas laminar diffusion flame. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (33):18505-18516.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTananop Piemsinlapakunchon; Manosh C. Paul. 2019. "Effects of fuel compositions on the heat generation and emission of syngas/producer gas laminar diffusion flame." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 33: 18505-18516.
Ahmed M. Salem; Prashant R. Kamble; Tan Piemsinlapakunchon; Loizos Christodoulou; Nader Karimi; Ian Watson; Manosh C. Paul. Assessment of Thermochemical Processes of MSW Feedstocks in a Downdraft Gasifier. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Transfer (EHST'19) 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleAhmed M. Salem, Prashant R. Kamble, Tan Piemsinlapakunchon, Loizos Christodoulou, Nader Karimi, Ian Watson, Manosh C. Paul. Assessment of Thermochemical Processes of MSW Feedstocks in a Downdraft Gasifier. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Transfer (EHST'19). 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed M. Salem; Prashant R. Kamble; Tan Piemsinlapakunchon; Loizos Christodoulou; Nader Karimi; Ian Watson; Manosh C. Paul. 2019. "Assessment of Thermochemical Processes of MSW Feedstocks in a Downdraft Gasifier." Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Transfer (EHST'19) , no. : 1.
Oxy-combustion of biomass is a potentially attractive, and yet largely unexplored, technology facilitating the negative generation of CO2. In this paper, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the transient combustion process of a single biomass particle in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres and the results are validated against the existing experimental data. Oxygen concentration varies from 27% to 100% in the investigated gaseous atmospheres. The spatiotemporal evolutions of the gas-phase temperature and species concentration fields are explored to further understand the transient combustion characteristics of biomass particles in oxygenated atmospheres. The results show considerably different burning behaviours under carbon dioxide and nitrogen containing atmospheres. Simultaneous and sequential combustion of the volatiles and char are distinguished from the numerical simulations. Further, NOx and SOx emissions are predicted on the basis of the validated numerical combustion model. A qualitative analysis is then performed to investigate the influences of oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide atmosphere upon the pollutant emissions. It is shown that CO2 has a significant inhibitory effect on NOx formation, while it promotes SO2 emissions. As oxygen concentration increases, the NO and SO2 emission rates decrease under both types of gas atmospheres. Nonetheless, the overall NOx and SOx emissions feature different trends.
Linwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Tata Sutardi; Manosh C. Paul. Combustion Characteristics and Pollutant Emissions in Transient Oxy-Combustion of a Single Biomass Particle: A Numerical Study. Energy & Fuels 2019, 33, 1556 -1569.
AMA StyleLinwei Wang, Nader Karimi, Tata Sutardi, Manosh C. Paul. Combustion Characteristics and Pollutant Emissions in Transient Oxy-Combustion of a Single Biomass Particle: A Numerical Study. Energy & Fuels. 2019; 33 (2):1556-1569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinwei Wang; Nader Karimi; Tata Sutardi; Manosh C. Paul. 2019. "Combustion Characteristics and Pollutant Emissions in Transient Oxy-Combustion of a Single Biomass Particle: A Numerical Study." Energy & Fuels 33, no. 2: 1556-1569.
A coal particle model is developed to investigate the thermochemical processes of gasification for underground coal applications. The chemical reactions are defined with an Eddy Break up (EBU) model for controlling the reaction mechanisms and the study is particularly focused on identification of the important kinetic parameters, which control the consumption rate of coal mass. As an initial validation, the coal particle oxidation based on the experimental results is used for comparison. The gasification reactions are subsequently applied for the thermochemical process investigation, and the results show that the best agreement of coal oxidation is achieved by the pre-exponent factor (A) of 0.002 and 85500, for the reactions, R2 (C + O2 = CO2) and R3 (C + 0.5O2 = CO), respectively. The kinetic parameters for the gasification process of coal particle leading to the syngas production are also optimised. The results show that the production of H2 and CO is controlled significantly by the level of oxygen concentration in the char reactions. However, their chemical rates are strongly dependent upon the reaction zones. For example, CO is produced in both the oxidation and reduction reaction zones, while H2 production is dominated in the reduction zone. Spatio-temporal distributions of the gas species along with the coal particle temperature provide additional information for further development of UCG modelling. Ultimately, the model gives a good guideline with the associated thermochemical processes that can help developing advanced coal gasification technology and lead to improved syngas quality.
Tata Sutardi; Manosh C. Paul; Nader Karimi. Investigation of coal particle gasification processes with application leading to underground coal gasification. Fuel 2018, 237, 1186 -1202.
AMA StyleTata Sutardi, Manosh C. Paul, Nader Karimi. Investigation of coal particle gasification processes with application leading to underground coal gasification. Fuel. 2018; 237 ():1186-1202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTata Sutardi; Manosh C. Paul; Nader Karimi. 2018. "Investigation of coal particle gasification processes with application leading to underground coal gasification." Fuel 237, no. : 1186-1202.
Gasification thermochemical processes of biomass in a 20 kW downdraft gasifier are investigated using a robust two-dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling method. The model includes all the four zones of the gasifier namely drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction. A step-by-step approach is proposed to evaluate the composition of different gas species as a result of the volatile break-up during gasification. However, selecting suitable chemical reactions for the CFD modelling becomes challenging as the commonly used reactions in kinetic study showed discrepancy in predicting the synthesis gas compositions. A revised set of chemical mechanisms is therefore proposed in the study and the robustness of the approach is examined with results validated against data from literature. The study reports how the air equivalence ratio (ER) affects the gasifier temperature and also the composition of producer gases. The model is then applied to investigate the syngas production of various biomass feedstocks sourced from Scottish agricultural sites.
Umesh Kumar; Manosh C. Paul. CFD modelling of biomass gasification with a volatile break-up approach. Chemical Engineering Science 2018, 195, 413 -422.
AMA StyleUmesh Kumar, Manosh C. Paul. CFD modelling of biomass gasification with a volatile break-up approach. Chemical Engineering Science. 2018; 195 ():413-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmesh Kumar; Manosh C. Paul. 2018. "CFD modelling of biomass gasification with a volatile break-up approach." Chemical Engineering Science 195, no. : 413-422.