The micromagnetic exchange stiffness is a critical parameter in numerical modeling of magnetization dynamics and reversal processes, yet the current literature reports a wide range of values even for such simple and widely used material as cobalt. Using the ab initio estimated Heisenberg parameters we calculate the low temperature micromagnetic exchange stiffness for hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) and face-centered-cubic cobalt. For hcp Co they are slightly different in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the $c$ axis. We establish the exchange stiffness scaling relation with magnetization $A\left(m\right)\sim m^{1.8}$ valid for a wide range of temperatures. For hcp Co we find an anisotropic domain wall width in the range 24–29 nm which increases with temperature. The results form a critical input for large-scale temperature-dependent micromagnetics simulations and demonstrate the importance of correct parametrization for accurate simulation of magnetization dynamics.

In this work, the efficient extraction of pectin from sugar beet by-products (pressed, ensiled and dried pulp), by using an acid method or a commercial cellulose, is accomplished. The extraction method had an impact on the pectin monomeric composition, mainly in xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid content, as determined by GC-FID. FTIR and SEC analyses allowed the determination of similar degrees of methoxylation and molecular weights, respectively, in the extracted pectins. The acid extraction of pectin in the ensiled by-product led to the highest yield (19%) with a galacturonic acid content of 46%, whereas the application of the enzymatic extraction method resulted in a lower yield (13%) but higher galacturonic acid content (72%). Moreover, the stability in aqueous solution as well as the emulsifying activity index was higher for pectin extracted by the acid method, whereas the viscosity was higher in pectin extracted by the enzymatic method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the physicochemical properties and exploring the potential reuse of ensiled and dried by-products from sugar beet industry for the extraction of pectin to be further used in the food and pharmaceutical areas.