Background: Numerous observational studies have revealed that circulating adiponectin (ADPN) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, the causality remains unknown. We aimed to assess the causality of circulating ADPN on AD risk using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods: Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with ADPN were selected from publicly available genetic abstract data. We applied these SNPs to two recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of AD, one from the FinnGen consortium and the other from a large meta-analysis. The inverse variance weighted method, MR–Egger method, the weighted median method, the Cochran Q statistic, the MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods, and the leave-one-out analysis were applied for MR analyses.Results: In MR analysis, no significant genetic association was found between plasma ADPN levels and AD risk by analyzing the FinnGen consortium GWAS database in the inverse variance weighted method [odds ratio (OR): 0.874, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.701–1.089, p = 0.230], MR–Egger (OR: 0.944, 95% CI: 0.692–1.288, p = 0.721), and weighted median method (OR: 0.900, 95% CI: 0.678–1.194, p = 0.449). Additionally, the same analysis was conducted for the meta-analysis database, and we found no significant association (OR: 1.000, 95% CI: 0.999–1.001, p = 0.683).Conclusion: Our findings reveal no significant causal association between circulating ADPN and AD risk.

Background: Few studies focus on the comprehensive influence of multiple risk factors on the follow-up outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. To fill this gap, this study aims to identify different subgroups with specific clinical characteristics and risk patterns among patients with AIS and to provide individualized treatment plans accordingly.Methods: We obtained clinical follow-up data from 448 AIS patients within 72 h of admission. Subgroup patients were characterized by latent class analysis (LCA) using 5 risk factors of AIS. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between classified risk factor patterns and functional outcomes of patients with AIS at 3 months.Findings: We obtained two risk factor patterns as “Elderly with low lymphocytes,” and “Participants with low neutrophils and high lymphocytes.” Class 1 (n = 214, 47.8%) had lower lymphocytes levels and was mainly elderly. Patients in Class 2 (N = 234, 53.2%) had higher lymphocytes levels and lower neutrophils levels than those in Class 1. In addition, CRP levels were mostly low in both Classes 1 and 2. There was a significant difference in poor functional outcomes between the two patterns after adjusting various confounders (p < 0.001). Compared with patients in Class 2, patients in Class 1 had a higher risk of adverse functional outcomes (adjusted Hazard Ratio, 3.21; 95% confidence interval: 2.07–4.98; p < 0.001).Interpretation: In our study, LCA was used to identify a 2-Class LCA model that was shown distinct clinical features and laboratory measurements among AIS patients. Our findings are beneficial for health management and therapy.