Prof. Dr. Andrzej Łebkowski
Department of Ship Automation, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Pomorskie, Poland
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Academic Career Length
15Years (2012-Present)
(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)
Representative Publications
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Journal Article
Andrzej ŁebkowskiThis article analyzes various configurations of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems consisting of batteries only, combinations of batteries and supercapacitors, and supercapacitors only. For the presented configurations, mathematical models that were used in research in terms of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions were developed, employing a 12-m city bus as a test bed. The tests were carried out using standard test cycles for heavy vehicles as well as routes developed on the basis of actual road conditions. The obtained test results confirmed that the lowest energy consumption is characterized by the system supplied exclusively by batteries (855 Wh/km), followed by a hybrid system of a large battery with a small supercapacitor (941 Wh/km), a hybrid system with a large supercapacitor and a small battery pack (1087 Wh/km), and finally a system with a supercapacitor only (1091 Wh/km). In comparison with the conventional diesel power system (3967 Wh/km), the CO2 emission reductions ranged from 27% to 43%, depending on the source of electrical energy.
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Journal Article
Andrzej ŁebkowskiThe technology of mounting electric direct drive motors into vehicle wheels has become one of the trends in the field of electric vehicle drive systems. The article presents suggestions for answering the question: How should magnets be mounted on the External Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (ERPMSM) with three phase concentrated windings, to ensure optimal operation of the electric machine in all climatic and weather conditions? The ERPMSM design methodology is discussed. Step by step, a method related to the implementation of subsequent stages of design works and tools (calculation methods) used in this type of work are presented. By means of FEM 2D software, various ERPMSM designs were analyzed in terms of power, torque, rotational speed, cogging torque and torque ripple. The results of numerical calculations related to variations in geometric sizes and application of different base materials for each of ERPMSM machine components are presented. The final parameters of the motor designed for mounting inside the wheel of the vehicle are presented (Power = 53 kW, Torque = 347 Nm; Base speed = 1550 RPM), which correspond to the adopted initial assumptions.
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Journal Article
Andrzej ŁebkowskiThe article presents the analysis of application of hybrid propulsion systems combining conventional diesel with electric drive for units used in inland transport. The answer is given to the question: to what extent will the use of different configurations of hybrid systems, affect the reduction of fuel consumption and reduce poisonous gases to the atmosphere? Various configurations of propulsion systems have been proposed: liquefied natural gas (LNG)-Diesel, LNG-Diesel-Electric, LNG-Diesel-Battery-Electric, against the background of the current state of inland waterway transport in central Europe. The announced plans to expand the network of existing international water routes in this region of Europe (E30, E40, E70), prompts a reflection on the simultaneous possibility of building modern low-emission and energy-efficient inland transport vessels. As an example of a modern drive system design, LNG-Diesel-Battery-Electric was proposed for which simulations were carried out using Modelica software. The conducted research has shown the possibility of reducing energy consumption by approximately 13% in relation to the classical drive system with a diesel engine, and reduction of CO2 emissions by approx. 29% with respect to the conventional diesel drive.
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1 January 2018 in TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Journal Article
Andrzej Łebkowski1
Journal Article
WKWojciech Koznowski
Wojciech KoznowskiAndrzej ŁebkowskiThe trend to replace internal combustion engines with electric zero-emission drives, visible in the automotive industry, also exists in the shipbuilding industry. In contrary to land vehicles, the requirements for the electric propulsion system of tugs are much greater, which combined with the limited space and energy on board, makes any amount of energy valuable. Strategic changes in the policy of many countries, such as the “Fit for 55” package, introduce plans to significantly reduce CO2 emissions, which favors the development of alternative drives and their introduction to new areas of operation. This article presents that it is possible to reduce the amount of energy an electric tug spends for movement by applying the Particle Swarm Optimization method to modify the shape of its hull. A statistical analysis of public data was performed to determine the speed profiles of actual port tugs. The Van Oortmerssen method was used to determine the hull resistances of the proposed tug and the impact of the hull shape modification sets on reducing these resistances. Based on the six obtained speed profiles, it was determined that one of the tested variants of modifications made it possible to reduce energy consumption on average by 2.12%, to even 3.87% for one of the profiles, and that some modifications increase energy consumption by even 6.59%.
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Journal Article
Andrzej ŁebkowskiThe article presents issues related to the possibility of using electric propulsion systems in units used to transport crews servicing wind towers at sea. Offshore wind energy issues are discussed. Proposals for electric propulsion systems that could be used on units for transporting crews servicing offshore wind farms are presented. The possibility of using purely electrical drive systems or hybrid drive systems operating in a diesel-electric configuration is analyzed. By observing the motion of real CTV units, based on the data from the MarineTraffic service, a mathematical simulation model was developed, for which a number of simulations were carried out in the Modelica environment. The developed mathematical model takes into account the dynamic loads acting on the ship’s hull, hydrodynamic resistances, electric and diesel propulsion systems’ properties together with their individual elements’ characteristics. The tests of the electric propulsion system showed reduced fuel consumption (approx. 60%) and harmful gas emissions to the atmosphere (approximately 70%) in relation to conventional, internal combustion engine propulsion.
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About Me
Andrzej Łebkowski since 2020 Professor at Gdynia Maritime University (Prof. Dr. 2020, Kielce University of Technology). He obtained the titles of Master of Science (Msc. Eng. 2000) and Engineer (B. Eng. 2001) in the field of Ship Automation at the Faculty of Marine Electrical Engineering of the Gdynia Maritime University and a Ph.D. in technical sciences in the field of Automation and Robotics at the Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering of the Gdańsk University of Technology in 2006 (Ph.D. Eng 2006).
In 2003-2006 he was a research assistant at the Department of Ship Automation. In the years 2007-2020 he was an assistant professor/senior lecturer at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Gdynia Maritime University. He is a member of IEEE. He is the author of over 80 articles and 10 inventions. He is a supervisor of about 380 students in completed diploma theses, including engineering (70%) and master's (30%).
His research interests include modeling, control and optimization of xEVs, autonomous and unmanned vehicles, and automation of electric power systems for ships and land vehicles. He is a designer of innovative xEV projects such as commercial vehicles, delivery vehicles, sports cars, motorcycles, scooters and boats.
Since 2024 Head of the Department Renewable Energy Sources and Electromobility at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Gdynia Maritime University.