At present, one of the most important urgent issues is the study of healthy nutrition of the population of Kazakhstan. Proper nutrition ensures the growth and development of children, contributes to the prevention of diseases, increase the capacity for work and prolong the life of people, while creating conditions for adequate adaptation to the environment.Most of the population of Kazakhstan because of technological processing, the use of inadequate food raw materials, influence of other causes, does not receive the necessary amount of essential components of food, which lead to illnesses, premature aging and shortening of life.The situation aggravates by the low cultural level of the population in matters of rational nutrition and the lack of skills for healthy lifestyles.In this regard, the main task in the work was to study methods of improving the health and quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan, especially those living in zones of environmental problems and contacting with harmful factors.

The article provides a systematic analysis of the species composition of plants of the flora of v. Amangeldy, Almaty region. The comprehensive study of regional floras is becoming increasingly important in connection with the implementation of the solution to the problem of studying and preserving biological diversity. Complete information about the composition of the flora of a territory is of great theoretical importance, it allows establishing the structure and Genesis of its components, to identify individual characteristics, to restore the history of formation and trends. This ultimately is the basis of rational use of plant resources and protection of rare and endangered plants, as well as to solve many important economic problems - identifying new sources and resources of medicinal, food, fodder, ornamental and other plants. One of the main characteristics of any flora is its systematic structure, namely the ratio of families, genera and species, on the one hand, and the quantitative indicators of these taxa that determine its wealth, on the other. These indicators are components of a systematic analysis of flora in general and coenoflora in particular, the data obtained using such analysis are important material for comparative floristry. From this point of view, the systematic structure of the flora acquires the significance of one of the essential indicators that characterize the flora in the regional plan. The study of the species composition of the flora is of great importance both for understanding the history of flora and landscapes of the region as a whole, and for finding ways to conserve and use biodiversity under conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure. Research was carried out by route-reconnaissance method in combination with a detailed study of experimental sites. In the study area – V. Amangeldy was first identified: 112 species from 88 genera and 29 families, with the dominance of the families Asteraceae (24 species or 21.4 %, 17 genera), Rosaceae (15 species or 13.39%, 11 genera), Brassicaceae (11 species, or 9.82 %, 9 genera) from Dicotyledons, and Poaceae (11 genera, 12 species, or 10.71 %) from Monocotyledonous plants. The dominant families account for 62 species, which is 55.36 % of the total number of plant species growing in this territory. Leading genera Artemisia, Potentilla and Rumex. On the territory of the study, 33 forage plant species were identified: Bromus inermis (Leyss.) Holub., Rumex confertus Willd., Trifolium pratense L., Poa bulbosa L., etc. In connection with the degradation of the vegetation cover number of weed plants was 75 species, among which are: Rumex crispus L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cannabis ruderalis Janisch., Lathyrus tuberosus L. and other. Endemic and rare species were not found. The results of the research will serve as a basis for the rational use of the flora of Amangeldy village in Almaty region, as well as for the conservation of biodiversity. Obtained as a result of a systematic analysis of the flora of Amangeldy, it will help to identify the centers of endemism and relict, as well as to solve the issues of the place and role of this flora in a number of other adjacent floras.

Akhatayeva D, Kutsev M, Vesselova P, Inelova Z, Osmonali B, Aitzhan M, Zaparina Y, Shadmanova L, Boros E. 2025. Genetic polymorphism of Populus pruinosa and Populus euphratica in Kazakhstan based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 26: 6120-6129. The genus Populus (Salicaceae) in Kazakhstan is represented by 13 species, although the exact number of species, including varieties and hybrids, has not been clearly established. Among them, Populus pruinosa and Populus euphratica are native species with rapidly declining population sizes and shrinking habitats. Comprehensive studies on their biology and genetic diversity in Kazakhstan have not reported so far. This study aimed to assess genetic diversity, compare patterns of differentiation, evaluate the relationship between genetic variation and ecological conditions in natural populations of both species. Genetic variability was assessed using the ISSR method, and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Samples from six natural populations in southern Kazakhstan (three populations of P. pruinosa and three of P. euphratica) showed distinct interspecific differentiation and variable genetic diversity. P. pruinosa populations had higher allelic diversity (h = 0.114-0.153) and expected heterozygosity (0.107-0.139) than P. euphratica (h = 0.041-0.085). Greater genetic diversity in P. pruinosa indicates stronger adaptive potential to arid environments. A moderate correlation was found between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.597). The findings highlight P. pruinosa superior ecological adaptability. Both species are recommended for targeted conservation and restoration of arid ecosystems in Kazakhstan.

The article was written as part of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan’s project AP 23486220, titled “Study of the important organ systems reactivity in the main commercial fish species of the Ile-Balkhash basin under anthropogenic load.” (2024-2026). The ecological condition of the Ili-Balkhash Basin raises serious concerns due to increasing anthropogenic pressure, accompanied by the influx of heavy metals, pesticides, and other organic pollutants into water bodies. Fish gills, as a highly sensitive organ of external respiration, serve as a reliable bioindicator of water toxicity. As part of this study, morphological and histological analyses of the gill apparatus were conducted on three commercially important fish species – Cyprinus carpio, Abramis brama, and Sander lucioperca — caught in different areas of the Ili-Balkhash Basin. In fish inhabiting zones with elevated pollutant concentrations, pronounced pathological changes in gill tissue were observed, including epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, destruction of the capillary network, and inflammatory infiltration. The severity of these alterations correlated with the level of aquatic pollution. Cyprinus carpio demonstrated the highest sensitivity to pollutants, whereas Sander lucioperca showed relative resistance. The findings indicate a significant impact of waterborne pollutants on the morphofunctional condition of the gill apparatus, and consequently, on the viability and productivity of fish populations. These results highlight the urgent need for regular ecological monitoring and the implementation of protective measures to preserve the aquatic ecosystem of the Ili-Balkhash Basin, safeguard biodiversity, and ensure sustainable fisheries. Keywords: Ili-Balkhash Basin, aquatic pollutants, gill pathologies, Cyprinus carpio, Abramis brama, Sander lucioperca, histomorphology.