In recent years, the summer season in Iraq has become longer and hotter than before, leading to high cooling loads inside buildings and increased demand for electrical energy. The use of sustainable energy and insulation techniques for building envelopes are reasonable solutions for overcoming harsh weather conditions and reaching acceptable thermal comfort levels. In this study, a survey on more than 60 residential buildings in Al-Amarah City, Iraq, was conducted on 21 July 2018 to examine the nature of the most common construction materials used in the building envelopes. Furthermore, the cooling loads of building envelope elements, e.g. roof, external walls and windows, was calculated using the cooling load temperature difference/solar cooling load/cooling load factor method of ASHRAE. The results were tabulated and compared for each combination of elements. The results showed that reflective glass is the optimal choice for exterior windows. The 'clay"“insulation"“fired clay bricks"“cement mortar' and 'cement mortar"“thermo-stone bricks"“cement mortar"“gypsum mortar' combination layers performed well for roof and external wall installations, respectively. Several recommendations were deduced from this study, which can be used as guidelines for construction authorities in Al-Amarah City and individuals interested in energy-efficient buildings.

The outcome of this study is to improve and enhance the power quality of the hybrid DC/AC microgrid (MG). The photovoltaic (PV) system and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are used as renewable energy sources to deliver the optimum active power to the utility grid. The MG system based on the PV system, PEMFC and voltage source inverter is modelled mathematically. Also, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-based grey wolf optimization (GWO) is used to increase the PV module efficiency and enhance performance. Also, to improve the PEMFC performance, a digital proportional-integral controller is used to control the PEMFC circuit. The proposed inverter is controlled using synchronous reference frame theory, called the direct-quadrature (dq) control method. Hence, the performance of the proposed MG system is tested using MATLAB® for various weather and loading conditions. From the simulation results, the proposed MG system can deliver and absorb an active power based on the PV and fuel cell characteristics. As a result, the hybrid DC/AC MG is enhanced in terms of stabilization of the DC-bus voltage. Also, the power quality of the MG is improved using GWO optimization based on MPPT. Finally, good results are achieved using GWO in terms of the total harmonic distortion of the output current of 2.3% and higher efficiency of 98.9%.

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the fog system to cool the inside air to the compressor in the gas station to generate electricity. Where it mainly focused on the suitability of the fog system to the hot Iraqi climate throughout the summer period, a simulation analysis of the operation of the gas turbine unit using a fog system at an ambient temperature in the range of 25-55 °C was conducted in the southern Baghdad second station. The fog system proved to be highly effective in raising the effective power, the thermal efficiency and the effective efficiency coefficient of the gas turbine unit as well as a apparent decrease in the specific air flow rate, the specific fuel consumption and the specific heat consumption in the gas turbine unit compared to not using fog system for cooling and for the same operating conditions.

This study provides an overview of the current state of electrical energy in Iraq and a simulation of a photovoltaic (PV) module that can be used in the country's climate using MATLAB/Simulink. Iraq is characterized by a variety of renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy and, it may be used to produce electric energy and to diversify energy sources by adding renewable energies to support the national grid and reduce the deficit in the production of electric energy. The results of the photovoltaic (PV) simulation in Iraq reveal that as irradiance increases, the output current and maximum power of the module and its entire array grow in accordance with Iraq's climatic parameters. Consequently, solar energy can be utilized to generate power and reduce the gap caused by the increase in demand and the shortage of electrical production by utilizing PV panels.

The output power of the solar module is dependent on weather conditions, and for optimal output, the modules must operate at maximum power. Obtaining as much power as feasible for a photovoltaic (PV) system has been the subject of this study, used maximizes power tracking (MPPT) to achieve this. Because the module's properties are nonlinear, conventional control approaches may not be applicable to solar PV. Sequential modeling using MATLAB/Simulink Principal advantage of the proposed MPPT system is that it provides high performance despite decreased radiation variability at maximum output. This is an analytical study, and simulation results are presented to support the theory.

The paper presents a mathematical model to calculate the thermal efficiency of the steam turbines with superheating, methodology forecasting for the Rankin cycle with superheated steam using Regression equations, MathCad, SPSS, and Statistatica programs. The resulting regression equation is applied to calculate the indicator values in a given range of variation of parameters, and it is also limitedly suitable for calculation outside this range. A MathCad-based approach for calculating the predictive model was created and presented. This work presents the formulation of a problem for the method of experiment planning. A turbine unit with three input parameters that influence the value of the output parameter Y (the thermal efficiency of the Steam turbine unit) was studied through the method of experiment planning. Along with that, the first parameter (initial pressure turbine, bar) varied within: 100< x₁ <128; the second parameter (the turbine-inlet temperature, °C) varied within: 450 < X₂ < 550; the third parameter (the fraction of dryness) varied within: 0.79 < X₃ < 0.83.