Background and Objectives: The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) is a simple lipid index associated with insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Previous evidence has supported the TG/HDL-C ratio as a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance and an adverse metabolic profile. However, its relationship with glycemic control in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain. This study evaluated the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and poor glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with T2DM followed in outpatient clinics. Poor glycemic control was defined as glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 7%. The association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and glycemic control was assessed using group comparisons, Spearman correlation, tertile analysis, and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, LDL-C, total cholesterol, insulin use, statin use, and fenofibrate use. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the discriminatory performance of the TG/HDL-C ratio for identifying poor glycemic control. A sensitivity analysis was performed after excluding patients receiving fenofibrate. Results: A total of 1001 patients with T2DM were included, of whom 568 (56.7%) had poor glycemic control. The mean age was 60.9 ± 11.4 years, and 57.1% of participants were women. The poor- and adequate-glycemic-control groups were comparable with respect to age and sex. The TG/HDL-C ratio was higher in patients with HbA1c ≥7% than in those with HbA1c < 7% [3.35 (2.35–5.00) vs. 2.74 (1.87–3.82), p < 0.001] and increased progressively across tertiles. In multivariable analysis, the TG/HDL-C ratio remained associated with poor glycemic control after adjustment for available covariates (OR: 1.201, 95% CI: 1.125–1.282, p < 0.001). The association remained significant after excluding fenofibrate users. ROC analysis showed modest discrimination (AUC: 0.601, 95% CI: 0.566–0.636). Conclusions: The TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with poor glycemic control in patients with T2DM, showing a graded association across tertiles. However, its standalone discriminatory performance is modest. Given its modest discriminatory performance, the TG/HDL-C ratio should not be considered a standalone diagnostic or predictive tool for poor glycemic control; rather, it may serve as an accessible adjunctive metabolic marker associated with an adverse glycemic and lipid profile.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently complicated by dyslipidemia, which increases the cardiovascular risk. Although guidelines strongly recommend lipid-lowering therapy, real-world treatment thresholds and adherence remain inconsistent in the literature. This retrospective observational study included 1001 patients with T2DM who attended outpatient clinics between March 2024 and March 2025. Demographic characteristics, metabolic parameters, and medication use (statins, fibrates, insulin, and neuropathy drugs) were retrieved from the hospital records. Group comparisons were performed using parametric and nonparametric tests, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of drug use. The mean age of the cohort was 60.9 ± 11.4 years, and 57.1% of the patients were female. The mean HbA1c was 7.47 ± 1.56%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was 110.7 ± 42.8 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein was 49.6 ± 14.0 mg/dL, and triglycerides (TG) were 172.7 ± 100.1 mg/dL. Statin users had higher LDL and high-density lipoprotein levels but lower TG levels than nonusers. Fenofibrate users exhibited markedly higher TG levels. Insulin therapy was associated with poorer glycemic control but did not significantly affect the lipid parameters. In logistic regression, statin use was independently predicted by higher HbA1c and LDL levels, whereas fibrate use was predicted by elevated TG levels. Age was the only independent predictor of neuropathic drug use. In this real-world T2DM cohort, the initiation of statins and fibrates did not align with guideline-based thresholds. Statins were prescribed at higher LDL levels, whereas fibrates were reserved for patients with severely elevated TG levels. These findings highlight the persistent gap between guidelines and clinical practice and emphasize the need for strategies to improve lipid management in secondary-care settings.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer is a condition associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to examine the influence of mean platelet volume (MPV) on predicting amputation decisions in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Patients with diabetic foot ulcers who presented to the tertiary healthcare facility from June 2023 to June 2024 were included. The first group comprises individuals who opted for amputation, whereas the second group includes patients without indications for amputation. Results: The mean age of patients with diabetic foot ulcers is 62.68 years, and the mean glycated hemoglobin A1c level is 9.62%. The initial group comprises 61 patients who opted for amputation, whereas the subsequent group includes 56 individuals who lacked an indication for amputation. The initial group exhibits markedly elevated values for MPV, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ( P = 0.001, P = 0.004, P = 0.020). Logistic regression research indicates that elevated levels of LDL and MPV substantially heighten the chance of amputation. The receiver operating characteristic curve study established the MPV cutoff value for amputation prediction at 11.2. The sensitivity and specificity of this value in predicting amputation were [ β = 0.01, OR (odds ratio) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.03, P = 0.006] for LDL and ( β = 0.52, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.18–2.39, P = 0.003) for MPV. Every unit increment in the MPV value corresponds to an approximate 68.8% elevation in the probability of amputation. Conclusion: In individuals with diabetic foot ulcers, MPV and LDL levels are independent variables affecting amputation and may function as predictors for amputation.

Objective: The use of medium and low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) did not increase the risk of osteoporosis in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The goal is to look at the risk of osteoporosis that comes with Budesonide and Fluticasone when choosing ICS for people with COPD, since this group of people is more likely to get osteoporosis. Methods: Patients with Stage E COPD who were on ICS and came to a tertiary healthcare facility between January 2024 and January 2025 were included. There were three groups in the trial: people with COPD who were taking inhaled budesonide, those who were on fluticasone, and a control group. Results: The study comprised 122 participants: 16 COPD patients utilizing inhaled fluticasone, 16 COPD patients utilizing inhaled budesonide, and 90 individuals in the control group. The mean age of the study participants was 72.79 years; the mean age of the fluticasone group was 74.69 years, the mean age of the budesonide group was 73.19 years, and the mean age of the control group was 72.38 years. The groups exhibit no significant difference for osteoporosis (p>0.05). No significant difference was seen between the groups for the duration and intensity of ICS use (p>0.05). Conclusion: In individuals with COPD, the administration of budesonide and fluticasone as inhaled corticosteroid options has not elevated the risk of osteoporosis.

Background/Objectives: In-hospital critical outcome among palliative inpatients remains high, often driven by acute physiological instability rather than chronic comorbidities. Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in this population, its independent impact on critical outcome is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether acute metabolic and inflammatory markers—specifically glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and oxygen requirement—better predict short-term outcomes, defined as in-hospital critical outcome or ICU transfer during the same hospitalization period, than DM status alone. Methods: This retrospective study included 200 palliative inpatients admitted to the Internal Medicine Clinic of Kestel State Hospital, Bursa, Turkey, between January 2024 and January 2025. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from electronic records. The primary outcome was in-hospital critical outcome or ICU transfer (“critical outcome”). Logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses identified independent predictors. The study was approved by the Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee (ethics approval: protocol code 2024-TBEK 2025/05-12). Results: The mean age was 77.7 ± 12.3 years, and 47% were male. DM was present in 30.5% but did not independently predict critical outcome (p = 0.904). In contrast, oxygen requirement (OR = 4.08, p = 0.002), mean glucose (OR = 1.01, p = 0.001), and cancer (OR = 3.28, p = 0.016) were significant predictors. ROC analysis identified CRP > 64.1 mg/L and albumin < 25 g/L as optimal thresholds, and these two markers formed the basis of the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk stratification, with critical-outcome rates of 39.0%, 45.1%, and 85.4% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Acute metabolic and inflammatory disturbances—particularly hyperglycemia, elevated CRP, hypoalbuminemia, and oxygen requirement—are stronger prognostic indicators than DM. A simple bedside model incorporating these parameters may improve prognostic accuracy and communication in palliative care.