Hemianopia and unilateral spatial neglect are the most common visual-spatial disorders that occur after a right hemisphere stroke. Due to the similarity of their symptoms, health care professionals often need to establish a differential diagnosis between these two disorders. This article is the first part of the literature review and is devoted to the discussion of the phenomenology and diagnostic methods of homonymous hemianopia and neglect. For the first time in the Russian literature, the use of the eytracking method in patients with homonymous hemianopia and neglect is highlighted. The article also provides criteria for the differences between the two disorders. The article contains useful information for health care professionals to make an appropriate diagnosis, which implies subsequent rehabilitation procedures. Rehabilitation methods will be described in detail in the second part of the literature review.

AIM. To assess cognitive dysfunction in clinical practice, depending on the task being solved in the examination, different neuropsychological research methods are used. To identify the specific cause of the dysfunctions in the structure of various mental functions (neuropsychological characteristics of the defect) and in the brain functions (topical diagnosis), methods of qualitative analysis of the detected symptoms of the disorder are used. Psychometric (quantitative) methods are used to assess numerically the severity of disorders and the dynamics of changes in the state of individual mental functions, as well as for screening assessment of e possible cognitive decline level in general. Methods of cognitive dysfunctions qualitative assessment are focused on the search for a «missing link» in the structure of the examined mental functions. Psychometric tests, in most cases, describe the general state of either individual mental functions, or, in the case of screening, a set of cognitive functions. Thus, one or more aspects of mental functions are evaluated, in which several cognitive functions are involved at once. The article presents the results of a literature review with a description and analysis of preferences, methods used and corresponding techniques for neuropsychological examination of cognitive disorders in domestic clinical practice in vascular brain lesions.

Eye tracking is a non-invasive technology that facilitates the real-time monitoring of eye movements. It offers insights into visual behavior and cognitive processes. The analysis of eye movement data involves two key components: fixations, (periods of stable gaze), and saccades (rapid shifts in focus between points of interest). This brief overview evaluates significant recent studies conducted between 2018 and 2023 that employ eye tracking for task related to the medical classification. Main algorithms that process eye movement data are used to extract features like pupil positions, fixation duration, and saccade characteristics. Our analysis showed that investigators use machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and convolutional neural networks for distinguishing normal and pathological states, typically in binary classification tasks, measured by accuracy and AUC. Generally, the size of the datasets is limited. However, authors achieved reliable classification results, ranging from 52% to 95%. As technology continues to evolve, the integration of eye tracking and machine learning offers a promising path toward enhancing our understanding of cognitive processes and medical diagnostic capabilities.

This article is the second part of a literary review of the most common and difficult to differentiate between visualspatial disorders, namely, homonymous hemianopia and unilateral spatial neglect, which occur after a right hemisphere stroke. In the first part of the review, the phenomenology of these disorders, diagnostic methods, and criteria for their difference were comprehensively explored. The second part highlights modern methods of rehabilitation based on the recommendations of the World Federation for Neurorehabilitation. For the rehabilitation of homonymous hemianopia, the following interventions are recommended: saccadic training, hemianopic reading training, restorative visual field training, etc. For the rehabilitation of the neglect syndrome, the following interventions are encouraged: visual scanning training, optokinetic/smooth pursuit therapy, prism adaptation, eye patching, noninvasive brain stimulation, etc. Recommendations on the methods and timing of their implementation are presented, and modern clinical studies are highlighted. In addition, the innovative methods of eye tracking and virtual reality are described. The information presented herein is sent to rehabilitation medicine specialists.

The article summarizes the experience of the psychological service of the “FSMN” of the FMBA of Russia with relatives of patients during the conversion of the center to an infectious hospital for the treatment of a new coronavirus infection. The restriction of communication between family members and a sick relative (visiting specialized medical institutions working with Covid‑19 is prohibited), aswell as with treating doctors working in the “red” zone, necessitated the organization of not only informational, but also psychological support for relatives of patients with Covid‑19. The lack of information in relatives of patients is accompanied by various psychological and behavioral reactions (increased levels of anxiety, fear, aggressive behavior, etc.), and this has determined the key tasks of psychological work with relatives: informing, providing emotional support, and stabilizing the emotional state. Face-to-face and remote work formats were developed to provide psychological support for patients ‘ relatives. Based on our experience, we can say that the emotional state of relatives largely depended on the severity of the disease in their relatives who were being treated. With a mild course of illness, relatives, as a rule, were more in demand for a remote format of psychological assistance, the main purpose of which was to inform. The face-to-face format of work with a psychologist was more popular and showed greater effectiveness for those relatives whose relatives were in a more serious condition, were transferred to the intensive care unit, as well as for relatives of the deceased.