This review provides an overview of the fabrication methods for Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts and evaluates their role in degrading organic dye pollutants. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene has emerged as a promising material for hybrid photocatalysts due to its high metallic conductivity, excellent hydrophilicity, strong molecular adsorption, and efficient charge transfer. These properties facilitate faster charge separation and minimize electron–hole recombination, leading to exceptional photodegradation performance, long-term stability, and significant attention in dye degradation applications. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts significantly improve dye degradation efficiency, as evidenced by higher percentage degradation and reduced degradation time compared to conventional semiconducting materials. This review also highlights computational techniques employed to assess and enhance the performance of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid photocatalysts for dye degradation. It identifies the challenges associated with Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid photocatalyst research and proposes potential solutions, outlining future research directions to address these obstacles effectively.

Over the past few decades, metal oxide-based thin-film sensors have been widely studied and commercialized for gas sensing applications, but their poor sensing response and high-temperature operation (300 °C) are the issues to be addressed. Here, we demonstrate the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) decorated $\alpha $ -Fe2O3 thin-film-based NO2 gas sensor. The $\alpha $ -Fe2O3 thin film was deposited on silicon substrate using the RF magnetron sputtering technique at 600 °C substrate temperature. The $\alpha $ -Fe2O3 thin films were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope for structural and morphological characterizations. Furthermore, we decorated the Fe2O3 thin film using hydrothermally synthesized MoS2 nanoparticles dispersed in ethanol via the drop-casting method to increase the response toward NO2 gas. The MoS2 decorated sensor shows a fast gas detection with the improved response of ( $\Delta \text{R}/\text{R}_{a}$ %) of ~69% at 150 °C for 100ppm of NO2 gas, which is 68% higher compared to the pristine sample (~42%). The sensor shows a fast response time of ~34 s and a moderate recovery time of ~95 s. The decoration of MoS2 nanoparticles has increased the surface-to-volume ratio and active sites and hence increased the number of gas molecules that can react with the surface of the sample. The sensor shows high sensitivity and selectivity toward NO2 due to increased holes and reduced barrier height in MoS2/ $\alpha $ -Fe2O3 p-p heterojunctions.