Background: Pain management, a crucial part of nursing care, is considered one of the most basic patient rights. To properly treat patients’ pain, nurses need a high degree of pain management awareness (PMA). The researchers hypothesized that nurses’ pain management awareness is affected by their emotional intelligence (EI). Purpose: Because there is a dearth of studies on this topic, the purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between emotional intelligence and pain management awareness in a sample of nurses. Methods: The study employed a descriptive design with a quantitative approach to analyze data from a survey designed with the simple random sample technique. The questionnaires were completed by 330 nurses working at six governmental hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (V23) and Analysis of Moment Structures (V23) were used to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaires and analyze the causal relationships among the variables. Results: The results revealed a significant positive relationship between nurses’ emotional intelligence and their pain management awareness. Conclusions: These findings suggest that having emotional intelligence is an important nurse characteristic for effective pain management awareness and possibly the provision of pain management care. Clinical Implications: Hospital and nurse managers as well as administration should consider using the emotional intelligence variables utilized in this study to develop ways to improve pain management awareness among nurses. Such efforts may help improve hospital and patient outcomes related to pain management.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is now incorporated into the curricula of most medical schools around the world. In comparison to the traditional curriculum, less is known about the influence of the adoption and implementation of a problem-based curriculum on the perceived structures, processes, and outcomes of learning experiences reported by students. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to compare the quality of learning experience of students enrolled in traditional discipline-based and problem-based medical curricula and (2) to explore the mediation effect of the process quality between the relationship of the structural quality and students’ perception of learning experience outcomes. Through the distribution of an electronic survey, all 3rd and 4th year medical students enrolled in the discipline-based curriculum and the problem-based curriculum were invited to participate in the study. The students from both curricula completed the Student Experience Survey (SES), which was developed by the National Center for Academic Accreditation and Evaluation. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and Hayes Macro regression analysis were used. Students enrolled in the problem-based curriculum had higher perceived support and sufficient advice with higher perceived quality of learning experiences compared with students enrolled in the traditional curriculum, however they reported less enjoyment of their university life. The structural factors (t = 19.83, p ≤ 0.001) and process factors (t = 9.21, p ≤ 0.001) were associated with an increase in students’ reported outcomes by 0.67 and 0.49, respectively. These findings explain the mechanism by which the structural factors, such as maintaining adequate facilities and support, may help in enhancing the process quality (e.g., learner-centered learning), which in turn can enhance learning experience outcomes.

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that allows machines to analyze large datasets, learn from patterns, and perform tasks that would otherwise require human intelligence and supervision. It is an emerging tool in pediatric orthopedic surgery, with various promising applications. An evaluation of the current awareness and perceptions among pediatric orthopedic surgeons is necessary to facilitate AI utilization and highlight possible areas of concern. AIM To assess the awareness and perceptions of AI among pediatric orthopedic surgeons. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a structured questionnaire designed using QuestionPro online survey software to collect quantitative and qualitative data. One hundred and twenty-eight pediatric orthopedic surgeons affiliated with two groups: Pediatric Orthopedic Chapter of Saudi Orthopedics Association and Middle East Pediatric Orthopedic Society in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries were surveyed. RESULTS The pediatric orthopedic surgeons surveyed had a low level of familiarity with AI, with more than 60% of respondents rating themselves as being slightly familiar or not at all familiar. The most positively rated aspect of AI applications for pediatric orthopedic surgery was their ability to save time and enhance productivity, with 61.97% agreeing or strongly agreeing, and only 4.23% disagreeing or strongly disagreeing. Our participants also placed a high priority on patient privacy and data security, with over 90% rating them as quite important or highly important. Additional bivariate analyses suggested that physicians with a higher awareness of AI also have a more positive perception. CONCLUSION Our study highlights a lack of familiarity among pediatric orthopedic surgeons towards AI, and suggests a need for enhanced education and regulatory frameworks to ensure the safe adoption of AI.

Background and Objectives: The operating room (OR) is considered the highest source of cost and earnings. Therefore, measuring OR efficiency, which means how time and resources are allocated precisely for their intended purposes in the operating room is crucial. Both overestimation and underestimation negatively impact OR efficiency Therefore, hospitals defined metrics to Measuring OR Effeciency. Many studies have discussed OR efficiency and how surgery scheduling accuracy plays a vital role in increasing OR efficiency. This study aims to evaluate OR efficiency using surgery duration accuracy. Methods: This retrospective, quantitative study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City. We extracted data on 97,397 surgeries from 2017 to 2021 from the OR database. The accuracy of surgery duration was identified by calculating the duration of each surgery in minutes by subtracting the time of leaving the OR from the time of entering the OR. Based on the scheduled duration, the calculated durations were categorized as either underestimation or overestimation. Descriptive and bivariate analyses (Chi-square test) were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Sixty percent out of the 97,397 surgeries performed were overestimated compared to the time scheduled by the surgeons. Patient characteristics, surgical division, and anesthesia type showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in their OR estimation. Conclusion: Significant proportion of procedures have overestimated. This finding provides insight into the need for improvement. Recommendations: It is recommended to enhance the surgical scheduling method using machine learning (ML) models to include patient characteristics, department, anesthesia type, and even the performing surgeon increases the accuracy of duration estimation. Then, evaluate the performance of an ML model in future studies.

Purpose: Nonunion of fractures occurs in about 15% of all fractures causing repeated surgical interference and prolonged morbidity. We performed this systematic review to assess genes and polymorphisms influencing fractures’ nonunion (FNU). Methods: We searched between 2000 and July 2022 in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Catalog, and the Science Citation Index, with the keywords nonunion of fractures, genetic influence, and GWAS. The exclusion criteria were review articles and correspondence. The data were retrieved to determine the number of studies, genes, and polymorphisms and the total number of subjects screened. Results: A total of 79 studies were reported on nonunion of fractures and genetic influence. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten studies with 4402 patients’ data were analyzed. Nine studies were case-controlled, and 1 GWAS. It was identified that patients with polymorphisms in the genes ANXA3, BMP2, CALY, CYR61, FGFR1, IL1β, NOG, NOS2, PDGF gene, and TACR1 are prone to develop a nonunion of fractures. Conclusion: We believe that for patients who develop an early nonunion of fractures, a genetic study should be conducted for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and genes so that alternative and more aggressive treatment can be performed to heal fractures without prolonged morbidity.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common hip pathologies in pediatric age group and late diagnosis remains a major concern in Saudi Arabia. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the ability of Saudi Arabian pediatricians and family physicians to conduct clinical screening for (DDH) by estimating their clinical knowledge and skills and analyzing the gaps therein to determine whether there is potential to launch a national screening protocol for DDH in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a multicenter cross-sectional study from three major regions in Saudi Arabia (Central, Eastern and Western provinces). The assessed aspects are risk factors, age of screening, incidence in Saudi Arabia, physical signs and diagnostic markers, and treatment, along with their ‘clinical knowledge and skills’ score. Results: Half of the participants were pediatricians, while the rest were family physicians. More than a third of the participants were considered to have adequate knowledge, ie, above the mean score. Dimensions with the most significant knowledge gaps included the incidence of DDH in Saudi Arabia, adverse effects of swaddling, and the management of a high-risk infants presenting with a negative physical examination. Additionally, there were relatively low rates of awareness regarding positive risk factors as well as a generally poor ability to identify physical signs. Clinical knowledge and skill levels were significantly lower among family physicians. Conclusion: Pediatricians and family physicians in Saudi Arabia still need further training to improve their clinical skills for DDH screening. The proper administration of training programs could eventually enable the gradual implementation of a national systematic screening program.