Antonella Fardus Al Refaie is an Italian Medical Doctor Specialist in Internal Medicine and a researcher with particular interest in metabolic diseases, osteometabolic diseases, diabetes, endocrinology, and cardiovascular prevention. She works at Division of Internal Medicine 1 at San Giuseppe Hospital (Empoli-Florence) and at the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience at the University of Siena. She obtained a Medical Doctor Degree cum laude at the University of Perugia and a speciality cum laude in Internal Medicine at the University of Siena. She is currently working on a PhD in Genetics, Oncology and Clinical Medicine at the University of Siena. She is an expert in internal medicine, metabolic diseases, osteometabolic diseases, diabetes, diabetic complications, diabetic osteopathy, osteoporosis, endocrinology, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular prevention, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, as well as musculoskeletal technology using new REMS technology. She works in internal medicine, outpatient clinics, and the emergency department. She is a reviewer and has written many articles published in international journals with an impact factor. She has attended many national and international conferences, is a member of GIOSEG-Young, and is always open to collaborations with other researchers. Email: antonellaalrefaie@gmail.com