The use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems is significantly increased in the past few years. AI system is expected to provide accurate predictions and it is also crucial that the decisions made by the AI systems are humanly interpretable i.e. anyone must be able to understand and comprehend the results produced by the AI system. AI systems are being implemented even for simple decision support and are easily accessible to the common man on the tip of their fingers. The increase in usage of AI has come with its own limitation, i.e. its interpretability. This work contributes towards the use of explainability methods such as local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) to interpret the results of various black box models. The conclusion is that, the bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) model is superior for sentiment analysis. The operations of a random forest classifier, a black box model, using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques like LIME is used in this work. The features used by the random forest model for classification are not entirely correct. The use of LIME made this possible. The proposed model can be used to enhance performance, which raises the trustworthiness and legitimacy of AI systems.

Protecting plants from diseases involves recognizing the symptoms and identifying practical, safe, and reasonable treatment methods. Holistic approaches based on particular times or seasons can reduce plant resistance and minimize tedious work. Technological advancements have led to the development of microscopic examinations and computational methods using machine learning techniques to detect diseases automatically and quickly using leaf images. This study builds the prediction model using EfficientNet and YOLO neural network architectures from computer vision. The development of a model that assists farmers in identifying cotton disease so that they use pesticides that may treat it further utilizes this concept. In the physical world, the input is accepted from many different sources, so observing the model’s output is necessary. This work concentrates on model response to the inputs from physical devices, and analysis shows that the monitoring varies the results. A novel convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the EfficientNet architectures and variations of YOLO architectures is used to classify and identify the objects in cotton leaf. The EfficientNetB4 yielded 100% accuracy for healthy leaf and powdery mild leaf classes, and YOLO v4 version with 96%, 98.3%, 99.2%, and 0.70 for precision, recall, mAP@0.5, mAP120.5:095 respectively. These results indicate that consequences vary in real-time per environmental parameters such as light effect and devices, and analysis shows that monitoring affects the results.

The remarkable accomplishments of deep neural networks (DNN) have led to their widespread adoption in various contexts, including safety-critical applications. Many strategies have been implemented to generate adversarial samples using DNN, raising the question of the security of the model. Adding slight magnitude noise to the input samples during training or testing can misguide DNN to produce different results than the actual one. DNNs are sensitive to indiscernible adversarial samples but readily identifiable by them. Currently, gradient-based approaches are used to generate adversarial samples. Gradient-based methods require internal details of the model, such as several parameters, model type, Etc. Usually, these details are practically unavailable, and calculating the gradient for non-differential models is impossible. In this work, we propose a novel DESapsDE framework based on evolutionary algorithms to generate adversarial samples from the probability of labels. We also incorporated the discussion with the various Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) models, such as ACGAN, DCGAN, and SAGAN. It has been observed that GANs differ from adversarial sample generation methods and can be applied as defense mechanisms. The proposed method reduced model confidence to 13.09% for the ResNet50 model, 30.34% for the WideResNet model, and 23.1% for the DenseNet model, with an FID score of 16.45. The proposed model varies from the GAN model. It applies to attack-on-network models as a preventive major to make the model robust.

Knowledge engineering algorithms such as deep learning models have exhibited tremendous success in solving complex problems. However, the linear nature of the neural network is the primary reason for vulnerability to the perturbed samples. Adversarial attacks pose a severe threat to applying deep models, especially while designing safety-critical applications. This work proposes security attacks against neural architectures. In particular, we introduce a novel method to create adversarial samples. First, we propose a differential evolution population resizing scheme, which enlarges the generation of adversarial samples by allowing adversaries to speed the convergence process. The proposed system is a novel self-adaptive population resizing-based adversarial mechanism. The result shows the success rate for targeted attack LeNet(60.07%), Network_in_Network(97%), Wide_ResNet50(99%), Pure CNN (97%), DenseNet (54.11%),ResNet50(51%) and LeNet(85.13%), Network_in_Network(33.37%), WideResnet(24.40%), Pure_CNN(19.96%),DenseNet (63.67%), ResNet (68.00%) for non targeted attacks respectively.

In today’s digital age, the security and privacy of financial transactions are paramount. With the advent of technologies like homomorphic encryption, it is now possible to perform computations on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it first, offering a promising avenue for secure financial applications. This research paper explores the implementation and implications of utilizing homomorphic encryption in financial applications to safeguard sensitive data while maintaining computational integrity. By employing homomorphic encryption techniques, financial institutions can enhance the confidentiality of their clients’ information, protect against data breaches, and enable secure computations on encrypted data. The paper discusses the principles of homomorphic encryption, its applications in financial systems, challenges, and potential solutions. Additionally, it examines real-world examples and case studies where homomorphic encryption has been employed successfully, highlighting its effectiveness in ensuring the privacy and security of financial transactions. Overall, this paper aims to provide insights into the role of homomorphic encryption in creating secure financial applications and its potential to revolutionize the way sensitive financial data is handled and processed.