Open‐source, satellite‐based digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used for flood modeling. However, studies on effectiveness of these DEMs in depicting local‐level flood processes are limited. This study generated a high‐resolution digital terrain model (DTM) based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and used in a two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model (HEC‐RAS) to simulate the flood processes in a floodplain environment of the Jamuna River in northern Bangladesh. The effectiveness of a few satellite‐based DEMs was also compared with this DTM by using the DEMs in the same hydrodynamic model. Field data for two flood seasons were collected to develop the model. The results indicate that the 2D model with UAV‐based DTM provides the flood parameters, such as flood arrival time, depth, duration and extent, better than those from the satellite‐based DEMs. Of the open‐source DEMs, the FABDEM and the WorldDEM™ have the least errors and provide better results compared to the SRTM30, ALOS PALSAR, and ASTER DEMs. The UAV technique with ground control points and field measurements for the tree‐canopy and water areas is very useful in generating a fit‐for‐purpose DTM. The findings of this study would be useful for terrain generation and DEM selection for local‐level flood modeling elsewhere.

Green Building refers to the planning, design, construction, and operation of buildings considering indoor environment quality, occupant health, using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently; and reducing waste, pollution, and the overall environmental impact. Among the Green Building guidelines, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) offers a certification and rating system by which buildings are certified in different categories. The LEED rating system is used to rate an existing building how much it is fulfilling the criteria of Green Building (GB) or not. This research explored how an existing conventional building can be retrofitted to satisfy green building standards. An academic building of KUET has been selected for the study. A field survey and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools (i.e., Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII)) were used for the data collection and then the data was analyzed by comparative analysis concerning the LEED 2009 rating system for assessing the building. The New Academic building receives 31 points out of 110 and so cannot earn any certification level. The lacking for which the points were not gained is identified and the installation of water and energy efficiency features, rooftop gardening is suggested as retrofitting options to earn the green building certification level.

The study aims to assess the impact of tannery relocation on the environment, social and economic conditions, livelihood, and the perceptions of institutions and stakeholders in the Hazaribag area. This research seeks to understand both the positive and negative effects of relocation, particularly in terms of environmental improvement and socio-economic challenges. The study employs a mixed-method approach, including a field survey and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools such as Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). This framework is designed to gather qualitative data from a wide range of stakeholders, providing a comprehensive understanding of the post-relocation scenario. The findings indicate that the relocation has led to significant improvements in the surrounding environment, including better air quality, reduced Odor, and enhanced surface water conditions. However, the relocation has also resulted in substantial socio-economic challenges. Many tannery workers have become unemployed or have been forced to take jobs outside their areas of expertise, leading to a decline in the local economy. Additionally, conflicts have emerged between tannery owners and workers. The government’s management of the post-relocation situation in the brownfield has been inadequate. The study concludes that while tannery relocation has had a positive environmental impact, it has also created significant socio-economic issues that need to be addressed. The current management of the post-relocation scenario is insufficient, particularly in addressing the socio-economic needs of the affected population.

Coastal cities have become the hotspots for climate migrants, leading to unplanned urbanization and further increasing the vulnerability and risk of climate change. The study assessed the vulnerability and risk index in 22 urbanizing cities in 10 coastal districts following the IPCC AR5 framework and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. Field investigation, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) identified key natural and physical stressors. The main sources of vulnerability include riverbank erosion, storm surge, salinity intrusion, waterlogging, weak infrastructure, and water scarcity. The main concern regarding natural and physical vulnerability stress is waterlogging, which is exacerbated by inadequate drainage, solid waste dumping, canal siltation, and urban planning deficiencies. Critical infrastructure, including drains, canals, sluice gates, and roads, is deteriorating, compounding risks. Climate variability, extreme heat, erratic rainfall, and drought further threaten livelihoods, agriculture, and food security. Among 22 coastal cities, Chalna, Morrelganj, Kalaroa, Char Fasson, Kuakata, Lalmohan, Burhanuddin, Paikgachha, and Patharghata are highly vulnerable, with risks projected to escalate. Adaptation priorities include securing drinking water, canal dredging, restoring connectivity, strengthening sluice gates, improving drainage, waste management, and preserving forests. The findings provide critical guidance for prioritizing the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) implementation in coastal Bangladesh.