In the present investigation, the behavior of fuel consumption was studied due to the high cost of gasoline and its price increase in Ecuador in recent years, for which reason the different mixtures have been studied to obtain lower consumption. The optimum fuel mixture rate for a T18SED e-tec II engine, Multiport Electronic Fuel Injection System (MPFI) between extra gasoline, super gasoline, and ethanol was obtained on two urban roads in the city of Quito (Ecuador). For the first test, mixtures of 10% super gasoline and 90% extra gasoline were made, and so on, for the following tests: (20–80), (30–70), (40–60), (50–50), (60–40), (70–30), (80–20), and (90–10) % super and extra gasoline. Then, mixtures between super gasoline and ethanol and extra gasoline and ethanol with concentrations of 5% and 10% were made. The results showed a low consumption on Maldonado Avenue with the 20% extra and 80% super mixtures obtaining a value of 2.9 L, while the mixture that presented a higher consumption was 100% extra of 3.4 L. At the end of each test, the fuel tank was completely drained, and the engine control unit (ECU) was reset for each test. The data acquisition was carried out through an OBD II (on-board diagnostic system) installed in each of the tests.

This study aims to determine the type of vehicle with the lowest fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by comparing spark ignition commercial vehicles against hybrid vehicles. The data were obtained through the OBD Link MX+ interface under traffic conditions in the Metropolitan District of Quito to determine the consumption and emissions delivered by each studied vehicle. Measurements were made while driving on two high-traffic routes during peak hours, with a duration of 2 to 3 h of stalling, and the engine fuel consumption parameters of each vehicle were obtained using 85 octane gasoline. Five measurements were generated per route and for each vehicle tested to reduce uncertainty and strengthen the prediction model with a factor of less than 10%. Statistical analysis was implemented to obtain a numerical model that allowed to analyse the estimate of the variation in fuel economy in each vehicle. The numerical model compared the values of fuel consumption measured with those calculated on all the routes with the highest traffic, finally indicating which vehicle with the smallest cylinder capacity is optimal, with an average consumption of 14 km/l on each route compared to a hybrid vehicle with an average consumption of 8.5 km/l per route, for better fuel performance within the Metropolitan District of Quito, in heavy traffic conditions. This study conducts a comparison of the consumption between a hybrid vehicle and spark ignition vehicles through the real driving cycle on routes considered to be of greater influx, to determine which vehicle has lower consumption and, therefore, greater energy efficiency in Quito City.

El análisis del comportamiento de emisiones de CO, CO2 sirve para determinar el comportamiento del ciclo de trabajo del motor, además de la verificación de la gráfica del factor lambda, para lo cual se realiza el estudio de la importancia de un catalizador porque en algunas ocasiones los propietarios de los vehículos deciden eliminar el convertidor catalítico de la línea de salida de los gases combustionados del motor y así circulan por las vías del Ecuador desconociendo la afectación hacia la salud de los ciudadanos y la contaminación directa hacia el medioambiente. Con el análisis del funcionamiento y características de las emisiones contaminantes de un motor de combustión interna ciclo Otto se generan modelos de control para la proyección de la cantidad de gases contaminantes que se emiten al eliminar el convertidor catalítico y de tal forma establecer los niveles de emisiones que un vehículo sin catalizador genera, a pesar de que el motor se encuentre en óptimas condiciones de funcionamiento en diferentes regímenes de giro.

The current study is focused on how varying injection pressure in the fuel supply system of multi-point injection systems can improve fuel atomization and injection jet range. The aim is to achieve a more efficient mix dosage, thus improving combustion and reducing exhaust emissions. In addition, it is intended to develop a characterization of the injection actuators, specifically the injectors, through a series of tests in which the injector pressure, engine speed and injection pulse are modified. To carry out these tests, a heuristic testing technique, like the empirical approach, was implemented, and a mobile device was used to capture the spray frames of the injectors. These data were then used to generate a correlation model between injection and spray angles, considering 0.5 bar pressure variation intervals within the established ranges. This approach made it possible to visualize and record the behavior of the spray in the injector, including the spray angle, the injected fuel flow rate and the working pressure during the operation process. Following the guidelines established in the proposed methodology, a significant result was obtained by varying the pressure at 5 bar and with an injection pulse of 2 ms. In this case, a flow reduction of 66 mL of the injected fluid was achieved, which corresponds to a significant reduction in fuel consumption. Additionally, a spray angle of 10.48° was observed with optimized atomization. These results were verified on vehicles with similar injection systems by testing on the GT-600-PRO injection test bench. In summary, this study shows that by varying the injection pressure and optimizing other parameters, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in fuel consumption and improve fuel atomization in multipoint injection systems. These findings have a significant impact on the Ecuadorian vehicle fleet and provide a scientific approach to improving fuel efficiency and performance.