The incidence of HHV‐8/KSHV–associated diseases (KADs) among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has shown a relative increase, likely reflecting the growing population of long‐term SOT survivors and heightened recognition and reporting due to greater clinician awareness. The real impact of HHV‐8/KSHV in the SOT setting remains difficult to determine due to regional variations in seroprevalence and non‐universal screening practices. Neoplastic KAD reported in SOT includes Kaposi sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and other rare lymphomas. Increasing attention has focused on Kaposi's Sarcoma‐associated Herpesvirus Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS), a non‐malignant syndrome characterized by uncontrolled inflammation, fever, pancytopenia and elevated HHV‐8/KSHV DNAemia, resembling viral sepsis that can progress to shock and multi‐organ failure. A clinical protocol including testing donors and recipients, monitoring for DNAemia in recipients at risk, switching CNI to mTOR inhibitors, treatment with antivirals, and rituximab for KICS may mitigate the impact of HHV‐8/KSHV infection in SOT recipients. However, standardized serological testing is not available and the role of monitoring, preemptive management and treatment of HHV‐8/KSHV DNAemia should be studied in larger prospective studies. Severe donor‐derived KICS and KS, often presenting without skin involvement, underscore the need for reliable serologic tests for identification of at‐risk recipients (especially D+/R‐), heightened clinical awareness to ensure timely diagnosis and prompt treatment. This review provides an updated overview of KADs with a particular focus on KICS in SOT, highlights knowledge gaps for future research, and summarizes recent advances in the screening and management of HHV‐8/KSHV infection following transplantation.

Crabs are the most widely studied marine crustaceans due to their high economic value, ecological significance, and worldwide range in the subtropics and tropics zones. In this study, we adopted a molecular barcoding approach for rapid identification of blue crab species by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), which has previously been used for phylogenetic analysis in wide taxonomic groups, and particularly for Crustaceans. The results indicated the evidence of Callinectes sapidus and Portunus pelagicus in different localities along Tunisian coast. Data were confirmed by BLAST analysis (Basic Local Alignment Tool) and phylogenetic trees. The molecular identification showed the ability of the COI region to differentiate between two similar blue crab species, Portunus segnis and Portunus pelagicus, which were confused by morphological analysis. The adoption of this protocol may be useful in revealing the biogeography of these invasive species across Mediterranean and to support the authentication of crab-meat processed products, according to the normative control.

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is one of the most frequent malignancies observed in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and it is associated with human herpes virus 8/Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8/KSHV) infection. The incidence varies according to the prevalence of HHV-8/KSHV in the population, the intensity of the immunosuppression and serological status of organ donor and recipient. Both latent and lytic phases of the HHV-8/KSHV life cycle play crucial role in the pathogenesis, influencing oncogenesis, immune evasion, and inflammasome activation. KS can be the result of reactivation of HHV-8/KSHV latent infection in the immunosuppressed recipient or be the consequence of a primary infection (either donor- or non-donor-derived), the latter possibly associated with a more aggressive clinical course. KS usually presents with cutaneous lesions, however post-transplant KS is characterized by visceral and/or lymph node involvement, frequently in absence of cutaneous lesions, underlying the challenges associated with KS diagnosis in SOT and the need of high clinician suspicion. The mainstay of post-transplant KS management is reduction of immunosuppression, along with conversion to mTOR inhibitors, while in visceral forms chemotherapy with liposomal doxorubicin is usually the first choice. Active surveillance and personalized management strategies, based on risk stratification and multimodal therapeutic approaches, are essential to optimize outcomes in transplant recipients affected with KS.

Purpose of Review This comprehensive narrative review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of Human herpesvirus-8/Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8/KSHV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated diseases (KADs), with a special focus on malignancies in the setting of transplantation, by addressing the major issues related to clinical presentations, epidemiology, pathological features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Recent Findings HHV-8/KSHV is an oncogenic virus belonging to the family of the γ-herpesvirus responsible for a wide range of KADs such as Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), diffuse large B cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). In solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the incidence of HHV-8/KSHV-related malignancies are becoming more frequent because of prolonged life expectancy, and related aging and immunosenescence. HHV-8/KSHV infection in SOT is a rare but serious complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Enhanced clinical awareness of the diverse manifestations of KADs is critical for early diagnosis and improved outcomes. Multidisciplinary management is essential, given the complexity of these cases. Summary Future research should focus on establishing standardized protocols for screening, diagnosis, and treatment to improve clinical outcomes. Targeted donors and recipients serological screening strategies, combined with vigilant post-transplant monitoring have the potential to enhance patient care.

This study evaluated the genetic variability and traceability potential of farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) populations from a fish farm located in Petrosino (Marsala, Sicily) (FAO 37), using microsatellite markers. A total of 64 D. labrax and 63 S. aurata individuals were genotyped with species-specific multiplex panels (9 and 10 loci, respectively). High levels of polymorphism were observed in both species, with an average of 12 alleles per locus in D. labrax and 9.1 alleles per locus in S. aurata. Mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.530 in D. labrax and 0.459 in S. aurata, while expected heterozygosity (He) reached 0.762 and 0.702, respectively. The fixation index (F) indicated moderate heterozygote deficiency in both populations (0.320 in D. labrax and 0.352 in S. aurata). Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected at most loci in both species, suggesting non-random mating, genetic drift, or population substructure. The probability of identity (PI) values across loci confirmed the high discriminatory power of the microsatellite panels, supporting their suitability for individual identification and genetic traceability applications in aquaculture. Overall, the results highlight that, despite substantial genetic variability, the observed heterozygote deficiency and deviations from equilibrium may reflect suboptimal breeding management practices. These findings underline the importance of implementing regular genetic monitoring and integrating molecular tools into broodstock management to maintain genetic diversity, reduce inbreeding, and support sustainable aquaculture production.