Chlorpyrifos is a widely used agricultural insecticide. Chlorpyrifos exposure affects brain development and children’s overall health. The objective of this study was to assess the health risks from skin exposure to chlorpyrifos and to investigate the factors associated with chlorpyrifos exposure among children in agricultural areas. Residual chlorpyrifos samples were collected from the hands and feet of 130 children (aged 1–3) to analyze chlorpyrifos content using high-pressure liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. Chlorpyrifos residues were detected on the skin of 73.1% of the children tested. The health risk assessment of non-cancerous effects showed that children had dermal chlorpyrifos exposure at 1.46 × 10⁻⁵mg/kg-day, and the hazard quotient (HQ) of child dermal chlorpyrifos exposure was 0.03, which is an acceptable level. The frequency of accompanying parents to pesticide-sprayed areas was significantly associated with dermal chlorpyrifos exposure levels in children (OR_adjust =1.44, 95%CI =1.02–2.03). However, children in agricultural areas may be subject to additional health risks from exposure to other pesticides through respiration and ingestion. Therefore, they should not be allowed to accompany their parents to agricultural areas, and a program to prevent pesticides from affecting children in these areas should be developed.

Toddlers in agricultural areas may be athave risk from pesticide exposure . A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 toddlers and their caregivers. Face-to-face interviews were done to gather information about exposure factors. A wipe sampling technique was used to collect carbamate residues on each toddler’s hands and feet. Results showed that there were carbamate residues on all wipe samples (100%), with a median concentration of 30.47 micrograms per sample (hands and feet). Carbamate residues detected on toddlers’ hands and feetwere significantly associated (p < 0.05) with many factors, including the toddlers’ relationships with caregivers, the education level of caregivers, the household incomes, the gender of toddlers, the frequency of following caregivers to farms, the frequency of foot washing, daytime activities, and playing durations. The health risk from dermal carbamate exposurewas above the acceptable range (HI = 3.244). Preventive measures should be considered to reduce toddlers’ pesticide exposure in agricultural areas.

Background/Objectives: Drowning among children younger than five years remains a major public health problem in Thailand, particularly in residential water environments. Caregivers’ supervision and home safety practices play an important role in preventing childhood drowning. This study evaluated the association between participation in the Be SAFE Program, a community-based educational intervention developed using the Health Belief Model (HBM), and changes in caregivers’ health beliefs and self-reported drowning prevention behaviors. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group study was conducted among 60 caregivers of children younger than five years recruited from two community settings in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Participants were assigned to either an intervention group (n = 30) or a control group (n = 30). The intervention group participated in the HBM-based Be SAFE Program, whereas the control group received routine care. Outcomes included HBM constructs and self-reported drowning prevention behaviors. Baseline-adjusted analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to compare post-intervention outcomes between groups. Holm adjustment was applied to account for multiple comparisons. Results: After adjustment for baseline scores, caregivers in the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than those in the control group in perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, self-efficacy, and self-reported drowning prevention behaviors, together with significantly lower perceived barriers (all Holm-adjusted p < 0.05). Large effect sizes were observed across all measured outcomes. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the HBM-based Be SAFE Program was associated with greater short-term improvements in caregivers’ health beliefs and self-reported drowning prevention behaviors than routine care. These findings support the potential value of theory-based community educational programs for childhood drowning prevention while highlighting the need for larger multi-site studies with longer follow-up to confirm the program’s effectiveness and broader applicability.

Low health literacy is associated with risky alcohol use among young people, particularly those exposed to social and environmental factors that normalize drinking. In digital contexts, innovative and engaging interventions are needed to strengthen alcohol-preventive competencies among hazardous drinkers. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online health literacy promotion program integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and gamification in improving health literacy and alcohol-preventive behaviors among hazardous-drinking vocational students. A quasi-experimental two-group pre-test–post-test design with a 1-month follow-up was conducted among 114 first-year Higher Vocational Certificate students aged 18–20 years in Bangkok, Thailand. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (n = 57) or a comparison group (n = 57). The intervention group received the ALC Literacy Program, while the comparison group received standard educational materials on alcohol prevention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and two-way mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons. At baseline, no significant between-group differences were observed. After the intervention and at 1-month follow-up, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in both health literacy and alcohol-preventive behaviors than the comparison group (p < 0.001). Large interaction effect sizes were observed for health literacy (partial η² = 0.623) and alcohol-preventive behaviors (partial η² = 0.622). These findings indicate that the ALC Literacy Program was effective in enhancing health literacy and strengthening alcohol-preventive behaviors among hazardous-drinking vocational students. This intervention may represent a potentially useful digital health promotion approach for alcohol prevention in educational settings.

Preventing sexual risk behaviors among early adolescents is essential, as it may delay premature sexual initiation and reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted infections. This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a sexual health literacy promotion program in enhancing preventive sexual risk behaviors among lower secondary school students. The sample consisted of 114 eighth-grade students selected through multistage sampling and assigned to either an intervention group or a control group, with 57 participants in each group. The intervention group received the sexual health literacy promotion program (CoMMIT program), based on the health literacy framework and comprising five structured learning activities. The control group received the standard curriculum. Data were collected using demographic, sexual health literacy, and sexual risk behavior prevention questionnaires. Measurements were conducted at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and one-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed-design repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests. The intervention group demonstrated significantly higher mean scores for sexual health literacy and preventive sexual risk behaviors at post-intervention and one-month follow-up compared with baseline and the control group (p < 0.001). Large effect sizes were observed for sexual health literacy (η² = 0.932) and sexual risk behaviors prevention (η² = 0.791). The CoMMIT program effectively improved sexual health literacy and preventive sexual risk behaviors among lower secondary school students and is recommended for implementation in secondary schools to promote adolescent sexual health.

Weight-control dietary supplement use among female vocational students may be influenced by sociocultural pressures related to body image and may pose potential health risks when products are used inappropriately. Health literacy may strengthen their ability to access, understand, evaluate, and apply health information when making decisions about dietary supplement use. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a health literacy-based intervention (3 × 3 × 3 Program) in promoting health literacy and safer weight-control dietary supplement use among female vocational students in Bangkok, Thailand. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 76 female vocational students aged 18–21 years assigned to an intervention group (n = 38) or a control group (n = 38). The intervention group participated in the 3 × 3 × 3 Program, comprising three structured learning sessions, each incorporating three learning steps over three hours, based on a health literacy framework, while the control group received the standard curriculum. Health literacy and weight-control dietary supplement use behaviors were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at one-month follow-up using self-administered questionnaires. Intervention effects were analyzed using two-way mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in health literacy and safer weight-control dietary supplement use behaviors than the control group at both post-intervention and one-month follow-up (p < 0.001). Large effect sizes were observed for health literacy (partial η² = 0.864) and supplement-use behavior (partial η² = 0.928). These findings suggest that health literacy-based interventions may be an effective approach to strengthening female vocational students’ capacity to make safer decisions regarding weight-control dietary supplements and may inform health promotion initiatives for this population.