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Background: Eyelid masses are the most common ocular diseases in dogs. However, there are no studies specifically investigating the location of eyelid masses. Methods: 118 dogs with 119 eyelid masses were included. Medical records and pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed at National Taiwan University veterinary hospital and Vision Eyecare Centre for Animals between 2012 and 2017. Results: Mean age of dogs was 9.4±2.5 years. Female spayed dogs had significantly higher prevalence of eyelid mass than female intact dogs (p<0.01). Prevalence of upper eyelid mass was significantly higher than lower eyelid mass (p<0.01). The upper lateral eyelid was the significantly more common location compared with the upper medial eyelid. Mean mass volume was 258.2±661.0 mm ³ . The most common eyelid mass type was meibomian epithelioma (34.5%), followed by meibomian adenoma (29.4%) and meibomian hyperplasia (18.5%). Non‐tumours comprised 25.2%, benign tumours comprised 67.2% and malignant tumours comprised 7.6% of all eyelid masses. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign lesions (p<0.01). All dogs underwent surgical excision without any complications. Conclusion: The majority of eyelid masses were benign. Surgical intervention can prevent further ocular irritation and provide good prognosis.

Objective: To compare ocular surface parameters in dogs with different cephalic conformations and evaluate correlations among tests.Animals Studied: Sixty‐eight privately owned dogs.Procedures: The study categorized canine eyes into three groups based on the craniofacial ratio (CFR): brachycephaly (≤0.52), mesocephaly (>0.52 to <0.67), and dolichocephaly (≥0.67). All eyes were examined using an ocular surface analyzer (OSA‐VET) to determine lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non‐invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the lower eyelids (MGLRL). Schirmer tear test 1 (STT‐1) and tear film breakup time (TBUT) were also performed. Statistical analyses involved one‐way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis H test, post hoc Holm–Sidak test, and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: While STT‐1 showed no significant difference among dog groups, brachycephalic dogs had significantly lower values in TBUT, NIBUT, and LLT, and a higher TMH, compared to mesocephalic and dolichocephalic dogs. Additionally, brachycephalic dogs exhibited a significantly higher MGLRL than dolichocephalic dogs. Correlations among tests were generally weak to moderate (r < .6) except for a strong correlation between CFR and LLT (r = .641, p < .001), and between TBUT and NIBUT (r = .899, p < .001).Conclusions: Brachycephalic morphology predisposes dogs to a significantly thinner lipid layer and diminished tear film stability, likely due to factors such as impaired meibomian gland function and increased ocular exposure compared to other cephalic conformations, thereby increasing their risk of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). OSA‐VET shows a valuable tool to provide more comprehensive and precise diagnosis for canine ocular surface disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of submicron (milled) and blended Lycium barbarum (LB) in glaucomatous retinal neuropathy using a rat model of high intraocular pressure (HIOP) induced retinal ischemia. The rats were treated with 500, 250, 100 mg/kg LB (submicron or blended form) orally once daily for 56 days respectively after 1 week of retinal ischemia induction. We conducted electroretinography (ERG), histopathological analysis in retina and antioxidative level assays, such as total glutathione (GSH (glutathione) + reduced glutathione) + GSSH (glutathione disulfide), catalase activity, SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity, and lipid peroxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) in the retina and plasma of test rats. The results indicated that the amplitudes of a and b wave of ERG were preserved in rats treated with submicron and blended LB groups, the best protective effect on ERG b wave amplitudes was observed at the dosage of 250 mg/kg of both forms of LB. Retinal thickness was best preserved, particularly significant in the retinal inner nuclear layer in submicron 250 mg/kg LB group. The levels of antioxidant GSSH+GSH, SOD and catalase activity in the retina were higher in blended 500 mg/kg and submicron 250 mg/kg groups than other groups, while the MDA level was lower in submicron LB groups than that in blended LB and non-LB IR group. In the plasma, there was no significant difference in the levels of GSSH+GSH and catalase activity between treated groups, but higher levels of SOD and lower levels of MDA were observed in 250 mg/kg submicron and 500 mg/kg submicron LB groups than the blended LB and non-LB IR groups. Generally better antioxidative effects were observed in the submicron LB than blended LB among treated groups, especially the 250 mg/kg submicron LB, providing good retinal neuroprotection by preserving retinal structure and function with improved antioxidative capacity. The submicron LB may have clinical implication as an adjuvant therapy of oxidative stress and retinal damage caused by HIOP induced retinal ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a common ocular disease in dogs characterized by inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. This study investigates the effectiveness of gelatin-epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid coating (GEH NPs) and various artificial tears in treating KCS led keratopathy in a rat model. Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly assigned to 6 groups of 3. All rats except the Sham group underwent unilateral exorbital and infraorbital lacrimal gland excisions to induce KCS. The treatment groups included a KCS group without treatment, a GEH group treated with GEH NPs, and 3 groups receiving different artificial tears. Clinical examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ocular surface analyser-VET (OSA-VET) were conducted preoperatively at 1 and 2 weeks postoperatively. For treating KCS associated keratopathy, the GEH NPs showed superior outcomes and consistently ranked among the strongest treatment options in most aspects evaluated, including reduced corneal irregularity, improved tear film stability, and lower fluorescein scores, indicating better corneal integrity. Additionally, the GEH group displayed the least inflammatory cell infiltration and maintained a healthier epithelial structure, further underscoring its protective effects. GEH was administered twice daily while other treatment groups were administrated 3 times daily, highlighting its efficacy even with a lower dosing frequency. The artificial tears demonstrated variable benefits on KCS led keratopathy across different evaluations. GEH NPs exhibited excellent protective effects and therapeutic potential on dry eye associated keratopathy based on this study.

• Amniotic Membrane Suspension (AMS) and ReGeneraTing Agent (RGTA) have been shown to enhance the early stages of corneal stromal healing. • The enhancement in corneal wound healing was evident from the increased corneal stromal thickness as observed under optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. • Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term effects and mechanism of using topical AMS and RGTA on treating deep corneal ulcer in clinical practice.