Background and Aim: Europe faces an elevated risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among people living with HIV (PLWH), contributing to the region’s highest global burden of NAFLD. However, the prevalence of NAFLD across various European countries and regions remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with NAFLD among PLWH across European countries.Methods: A systematic search was conducted across four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Data on the prevalence of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis, as well as the associated risk factors, were collected among PLWH in Europe.Results: Thirty-six studies from 13 European nations were included. The prevalence of NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis were 42% (95%CI 37–48), 35% (95%CI 21–50) and 13% (95%CI 10–15), respectively. Male gender, BMI, waist circumference, Diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST, and years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were found to be risk factors for NAFLD. High BMI and triglycerides were associated with NASH. Patients with high BMI and triglycerides are at increased risk of significant liver fibrosis.Conclusion: The high prevalence of NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis among PLWH in Europe highlights the need for early screening, intervention, and increased research focus on adolescents living with HIV. Furthermore, the significant variations observed between countries and regions underscore the influence of related risk factors.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of currently used anti-diabetic medications in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without diabetes. DESIGN: The efficacy of various anti-diabetic medicines on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the absence of diabetes was evaluated by searching Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCT) only. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2), and the data were analyzed using Stata software (version 15.1). Results: All papers published between the time of the pooling and September 2022 were searched. There were a total of 18 randomized controlled studies with a total sample size of 1141 cases. The outcomes of interest included variations in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Rosiglitazone (SUCRA: 100%) and vildagliptin (SUCRA: 99.9%) were the best anti-diabetic medicines to improve ALT and AST, respectively, in patients with NAFLD without diabetes, according to the findings of this network meta-analysis. Conclusion: In accordance with the Network Ranking plot, Rosiglitazone was the best anti-diabetic medicine for improving ALT, and vildagliptin was the best for improving AST in patients with non-diabetic NAFLD.

Background: Moringa oleifera (MO) is widely used as an adjunctive therapy for individuals living with HIV (PLWH) due to its nutritional and immune-modulating properties.Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of MO supplementation on immune and nutritional indicators in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected adults.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to include studies assessing the impact of MO supplementation on immune and nutritional markers, such as CD4⁺ T cell count, BMI, white blood cell (WBC) count, and platelet (PLT) count in PLWH. Data were pooled using random-effects or fixed-effects models, and subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to assess sources of heterogeneity.Results: A total of seven articles (eight study datasets) were included. MO supplementation significantly increased CD4⁺ T cell count [standardized mean differences (SMD) = 1.4, 95% CI 0.59–2.20, p < 0.001], WBC (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI 0.02–0.42, p = 0.030), and PLT count (SMD = 3.14, 95% CI 2.37–3.92, p < 0.001), with a significant improvement in BMI (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI 0.03–0.55, p = 0.028). Subgroup analysis demonstrated consistent effects in both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, while meta-regression indicated that dosage influences outcomes (p = 0.007). Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.Conclusions: MO supplementation significantly improves immune function and nutritional status in PLWH. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD420251000927, PROSPERO: CRD420251000927.

Background: Prior research has demonstrated a positive association between the composition of gut microbiota and the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, a thorough quantitative and systematic evaluation of the distinct properties of gut microbiota in individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer has yet to be conducted. The objective of this study is to examine alterations in the diversity of intestinal microbiota in individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Methods: Search for relevant literature published before July 2023 in 4 databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, without any language restrictions. Results: A total of 12 studies were included, including 535 patients with pancreatic cancer and 677 healthy controls. Analysis was conducted on 6 phyla, 16 genera, and 6 species. The study found significant and distinctive changes in the α-diversity of gut microbiota, as well as in the relative abundance of multiple gut bacterial groups at the phylum, genus, and species levels in pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusion: Overall, there are certain characteristic changes in the gut microbiota of pancreatic cancer patients. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanism of action and the potential for treatment.