1. The use of textiles in medicine goes back as far as medicine itself. Early civilizations relied on natural fibres such as linen and silk for essential medical needs, suturing wounds, dressing in...

This paper aimed at analysis on the effects of stitch length and Yarn Count on GSM and drape behavior of weft knitted single jersey fabrics. In this research work different types of weft knitted single jersey fabrics have been used like as single jersey plain, single lacoste, double lacoste and polo pique fabric. As drape is one of the most important properties of textile materials so drape ability of a fabric should measure. Here drape ability of a fabric was determined using the instrument Cusick drape tester and is expresses in terms of drape co-efficient. It was found after completing the work GSM increases gradually with the decrease of stitch length. Double lacoste has highest GSM and single Jersey Plain has lowest GSM. GSM increases gradually in coarser yarn. Drape co-efficient decreases gradually with the increase of stitch length. Double lacoste has highest drape co-efficient and polo pique has lowest drape co-efficient. Drape co-efficient decreases gradually in finer yarn.

Medical textiles are an increasingly dynamic interdisciplinary area of interest, bringing together materials science, biomedical engineering, and healthcare technologies. The present review gives an overview and organized overview of the current situation in medical textiles, and it classifies those textiles into four broad categories: implantable, nonimplantable, healthcare and hygiene, and smart textiles. Each type of those four categories is considered by their functional needs, composition of material, production methods, and clinical usages. Detailed attention has been given to the latest progress of nanotechnology, bioresponsive polymers, and integration of smart textiles for diagnosing and therapeutic treatments. In addition, this paper critically assesses the sustainability issues of the generation of wastes, carbon emissions, and the ability of biodegradability by life cycle assessment (LCA) and circular design approaches. Important issues of scalability, harmony of regulations globally, and ethical issues related to data secrecy of smart textiles are also considered. By integrating various frontiers of the scattered and impoverished literature and emerging open challenges, the present review gives the strategic map of the next generation of intelligent, green, and patient‐oriented medically oriented textiles to be designed and implemented by the researchers, industry players, and clinicians.

The performance of drug-loaded electrospun nanofibres is governed not only by drug content but also by the spatial distribution of the drug within the fibre matrix, which determines release kinetics and biological response. Here, we demonstrate that dose-dependent surface crystallisation of dexamethasone (DEX) in electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin nanofibres controls drug release behaviour and subsequent macrophage-mediated inflammation. Nanofibre mats containing 0, 1, and 2 wt% DEX (PG0, PG1, PG2) were fabricated and systematically characterised. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a change from homogeneous fibres (PG0) to surface-decorated crystalline domains with increasing drug loading, which indicates a supersaturation-driven phase separation during electrospinning. This morphological evolution directly governs the transport behaviour: PG2 exhibits a pronounced burst release due to surface-localised drug, whereas PG1 shows a balanced release profile with both surface-accessible and matrix-embedded drug fractions. Release characteristics result in different biological outcomes. PG1 and PG2 strongly inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated macrophages (~70–75% reduction), confirming retained drug bioactivity. However, higher drug loading (PG2) leads to lower fibroblast viability and compromised mechanical integrity. Importantly, PG1 shows a desirable balance of controlled drug release, cytocompatibility (>90% viability) and mechanical performance (~8 MPa) with effective anti-inflammatory activity. Degradation studies also show controlled structural evolution without destabilisation upon pH change, demonstrating suitability for wound environments. These results reveal surface crystallisation as an important design parameter for electrospun drug delivery systems and demonstrate that optimal therapeutic performance is controlled by intermediate drug loading, not maximum loading, providing a mechanistic framework for the rational design of immunomodulatory wound dressings.