Sustainable development goals (SDG) incorporate multiple dimensions to measure the progress made by nations in consolidating their economic and human development. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to explore the structures of variation and covariation between the SDGs indicators interpreting and describing their current status by countries and regions of the world. This study assessed 40 SDG indicators reported by 125 countries in the 2021 Sustainable Development Report, using the HJ-Biplot multivariate technique, through which it is possible to analyze the existing relationships between indicators and countries in a multidimensional way. The results indicate that the global North countries currently display solid sustainability characteristics that favor economic growth, though more work is required to protect the environment and promote responsible production and consumption. On the other hand, the countries of the global South with less purchasing power must still work on policies and strategies to promote the health and well-being of their populations, enable access to essential household services (water, sanitation, electricity, and internet, among others), and promote equality.

This article analyzes the behavior of gender indicators on the economic, physical, and decision-making autonomy of Latin-American women, based on data compiled and published in 2020 by the Gender Equality Observatory of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), for 17 countries. Using the HJ-Biplot multivariate technique, it is concluded that the three evaluated areas interact with each other, in such a way that they cannot be interpreted in isolation because their relationships and interdependencies explain the differences in the participation of men and women in the socioeconomic and political environment of the nations in the region. Additionally, it is concluded that in countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Bolivia, and Ecuador, greater public policy actions are required to seek the economic empowerment of women; while in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, laws are necessary to regulate violence against women. It is necessary to continue promoting gender equality in the region as a determinant factor in methodological frameworks and transformational policies to enable moving towards the construction of sustainable societies and economies.

El propósito de este estudio es presentar una reflexión documentada frente a la enseñanza de la estadística y la analítica de datos en la educación superior. Se analiza el papel que cumplen factores como la formación disciplinar y pedagógica de los docentes, sus estilos de enseñanza, las experiencias en el aula de clase, el uso de recursos didácticos y el contexto, como mediadores de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Como resultado de la referenciación de autores realizada, se expone frente a la necesidad de crear y desarrollar ambientes de aprendizaje innovadores que transformen la enseñanza de la estadística a nivel universitario, a partir de repensar los contenidos y currículos para favorecer la dimensión socio humanística y el pensamiento complejo de los estudiantes. Se concluye que actualmente la generalización de medios digitales y las redes sociales constituyen un nuevo reto para la enseñanza de la estadística y la analítica de datos en su integración con ciencia de datos, aprendizaje automático y macrodatos.

Objective. To evaluate the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in countries of the Americas, comparing health system data from before the appearance of the virus in the Region, accumulated cases and deaths before the deployment of public immunization strategies, and the current state of vaccination. Methods. An HJ-Biplot multivariate analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 28 countries in the Region of the Americas at three points in time: December 2019, December 2020, and December 2021. Results. In the Americas, heterogeneity was observed in the actions implemented to contain the pandemic, and this was reflected in different groups of countries. Conclusions. Not all countries in the Region of the Americas had the health conditions necessary to con-tain COVID-19. At the end of 2019, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Cuba had advantages over other countries in the Region; however, actions implemented during 2020 to contain the pandemic created different groups of countries in terms of the prevalence of infections and deaths. At the end of 2020, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Mexico had critical levels of mortality. At the end of 2021, after the implementation of vaccination plans, more than 60% of the population of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Panama, the United States, and Uruguay had completed the vaccination schedule.

The gender dimension of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is integral to the goals established to foster the development of nations, as it is intertwined with other goals and enhances their attainability. Thus, this study examines 28 indicators belonging to the goals of the sustainable development objectives, distinguishing between the gender SDGs (6 indicators) and other SDGs (22 indicators), all of which were reported by 110 countries in the year 2023. The assessment considers four regions: the African continent (28 countries), the Americas region (21 countries), Asia-Oceania (29 countries), and Europe (32 countries). The STATICO multivariate technique is used (consisting of four Co-inertia analyses and one Partial Triadic Analysis) to study the interactions among the indicators. The goal is to determine whether differences or similarities exist between these indicators within each region and to make a comparative assessment across countries. The study’s findings show the existing covariances between the various targets of the 2030 Agenda and indicate that in Europe, the gender dimension is more closely integrated with the other SDGs than in the other regions. In Africa, substantial variations between countries are observed, while Asia, Oceania, and the Americas face challenges in specific indicators and countries in terms of achieving sustainable development.

El acceso al trabajo remunerado, la ocupación según sectores de productividad y el uso del tiempo son factores que influyen en la capacidad de las mujeres para generar ingresos propios, por lo cual son condicionantes de la autonomía económica y deberían presentarse en igualdad de condiciones frente a los hombres. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el posicionamiento laboral de las mujeres latinoamericanas a través del análisis de seis indicadores de ocupación en 15 países de la región, los cuales fueron publicados en el año 2020 por el Observatorio de Género de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Mediante el uso de la técnica multivariante HJ-Biplot se exploran similitudes y diferencias entre indicadores, países y géneros, para conocer las condiciones que no favorecen el empoderamiento económico de la mujer ni su participación en el mercado laboral. Se concluye que las naciones centroamericanas registran las mayores brechas de autonomía económica tanto entre los hombres como entre las mujeres de Latinoamérica, mientras que en países como Uruguay, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Panamá y Brasil se registran mayores oportunidades de ocupación laboral femenina en sectores de alta productividad.