Taking into consideration the current trend to mitigate the agriculture’s negative impact on the environment, this implies using new technologies and equipment for performing agricultural works. Currently, the most used equipment in agriculture is the agricultural tractor with heat engine. One alternative is represented by electric motors, usually powered by batteries. The main advantage for the environment is that zero emissions are released into the atmosphere during agricultural works. Another advantage consists of the nominal torque which could be sustained from almost zero revolutions of the electric motors resulting in lower loads on the batteries with a proper mechanical transmission. Ploughing represents the agricultural work which exploits most of the performances of an agricultural tractor, in terms of fuel consumption and engine wear. Within this paper are presented the tests performed on an electric tractor during ploughing works, at different depths and with different working speeds, in order to assess its autonomy and efficiency with a single battery charge. The electrical parameters of the tractor were recorded during tests, as well as the tractor draft force. The results were used to establish the optimal working regime of the electric tractor during ploughing works.

The development of electric vehicles has stimulated the semiconductor industry, mainly the development of switching elements for all electric converters. The comparison made in this paper is made from an electrical point of view for different types of semiconductor devices used in the equipment of the electrical system of electric vehicles, such as DC / DC converters, on-board charger, traction inverters. Increasing the autonomy of movement of the vehicle is directly influenced by reducing the energy consumption of the battery and therefore increasing the energy efficiency of these subassemblies by using high-performance semiconductor devices. Although silicon has dominated the world of power semiconductor devices for decades, today new types of composite semiconductors have been used to develop more energy-efficient devices, such as gallium nitride or carbide power transistors. of silicon.

The multiphase motor and multiphase drives, because of their advantages, are used mainly as generators or as the traction system. Multiphase drives have advantages over the conventional three-phase drives, as the reduction of the amplitude and the increasing the frequency of torque pulsation, the reduction of the harmonic currents inside the rotor, the reduction the current per phase and more. The paper presents some applications and considerations for the control of a five-phase inverter, including fault simulation.

The main purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive and systematically organized overview of the current state of vibration monitoring and measurement techniques used in railway stock. It aims to raise awareness of significant technological developments in recent years and their practical applications. The scope of the analysis is strongly informed by established European norms, fundamental research efforts across the continent, and the practical needs of the railway sector. Last but not least, we hope this paper serves as a valuable reference point for engineers, researchers, and decision-makers working within the complex context of railway system design, maintenance, and evolving regulations. For effective monitoring of railway vehicle vibrations, a combination of specialized measurement methods and system architectures is recommended. These approaches are carefully developed to capture the dynamic responses of critical components of the railway vehicle, thereby providing invaluable data. This information is essential for thorough condition monitoring, improved ride comfort, and a deeper structural understanding of vehicle quality throughout its lifecycle.

LiDAR sensors are needed for use in vehicular applications, particularly due to their good behavior in low-light environments, as they represent a possible solution for the safety systems of vehicles that have a long braking distance, such as trams. The testing of long-range LiDAR dynamic responses is very important for vehicle applications because of the presence of difficult operation conditions, such as different weather conditions or fake targets between the sensor and the tracked vehicle. The goal of the authors in this paper was to develop an experimental model for indoor testing, using a scaled vehicle that can measure the distances and the speeds relative to a fixed or a moving obstacle. This model, containing a LiDAR sensor, was developed to operate at variable speeds, at which the software functions were validated by repeated tests. Once the software procedures are validated, they can be applied on the full-scale model. The findings of this research include the validation of the frontal distance and relative speed measurement methodology, in addition to the validation of the independence of the measurements to the color of the obstacle and to the ambient light.

The research presented in this paper involves the design of a power control system for a hydrokinetic turbine previously tested in real operating conditions. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm was designed and simulated using the required parameters for a specific electric generator. The proposed system consists of a generator connected to the hydrokinetic turbine, a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier, a direct current (DC) boost converter with MPPT control to extract maximum available power, and a buck converter to control the amount of power delivered to the load. In order to test the MPPT algorithm, we built the individual blocks on the basis of the corresponding equations of each component. The algorithm considered the specific parameters of the previously tested turbine as input data and simulated the same water velocities for which the turbine had been tested. Thus, the simulation predicted a power output of 105 W for a water velocity of 1.33 m/s, 60 W for 1 m/s, and 30 W for 0.83 m/s. The efficiency of the control system was demonstrated when the instantaneous power value was maintained at a maximum point, regardless of the rotational speed according to the experimental power curves of the driving rotor obtained for certain water velocities.