Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as pivotal delivery vehicles for RNA therapeutics. Previous research and development usually assumed that LNPs are homogeneous in population, loading density, and composition. Such perspectives are difficult to examine due to the lack of suitable tools to characterize these physicochemical properties at the single-nanoparticle level. Here, we report an integrated spectroscopy-chromatography approach as a generalizable strategy to dissect the complexities of multicomponent LNP assembly. Our platform couples cylindrical illumination confocal spectroscopy (CICS) with single-nanoparticle free solution hydrodynamic separation (SN-FSHS) to simultaneously profile population identity, hydrodynamic size, RNA loading levels, and distributions of helper lipid and PEGylated lipid of LNPs at the single-particle level and in a high-throughput manner. Using a benchmark siRNA LNP formulation, we demonstrate the capability of this platform by distinguishing seven distinct LNP populations, quantitatively characterizing size distribution and RNA loading level in wide ranges, and more importantly, resolving composition-size correlations. This SN-FSHS-CICS analysis provides critical insights into a substantial degree of heterogeneity in the packing density of RNA in LNPs and size-dependent loading-size correlations, explained by kinetics-driven assembly mechanisms of RNA LNPs.

Sensory feedback of grasp forces provides important information about physical interactions between the hand and objects, enabling both reactive and anticipatory neural control mechanisms. Numerous studies have shown artificial sensory feedback of various forms improves force control during grasping tasks by prosthetic hand users through a closed-feedback loop. However, little is known about how perceptual information is transferred between an intact limb and a closed-loop prosthetic limb, and the extent to which training inter-limb transfer may improve myoelectric prosthetic control. We addressed these gaps by using a contralateral force matching task in which able-bodied participants were asked to generate grasp forces with their native hand, and then match it using the contralateral hand or a soft-synergy prosthetic hand worn on the contralateral arm that was coupled with a mechanotactile feedback device. We found that absolute matching error and matching time were greater when using the prosthetic system than the native hand. However, with contralateral specific training, subjects were able to produce similar relative matching error with the prosthetic system and the native hand, especially at the untrained force level. These findings suggest that an association can be established between the perception produced by the prosthetic limb and the contralateral intact limb, and provide novel insights about potential applications to training and design of closed-loop prosthesis.

Microspore‐derived embryogenesis (MDE) is essential for doubled haploid (DH) plant breeding, but conventional bulk culture systems are limited by poor scalability and difficulty for automation. Adapting droplet microfluidics for plant cell culture is promising but challenging due to the large size and fragility of plant cells involved in embryogenesis, such as maize microspores (60–85 µm) and their expanding embryo‐like structures (200–500 µm). Here, we present a droplet microfluidic platform engineered for large plant cells, integrating a tubing‐based loading strategy that minimizes sedimentation losses, robust generation of stable 20 and 200 nL droplets optimized for large‐cell encapsulation, and scalable 3D reservoir incubation for long‐term culture. Optimized flow conditions and surface treatments enabled cell encapsulation with high fidelity, sustaining viability for over two weeks. Multi‐modal viability assessment using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy (bright‐field and fluorescence) confirmed that droplet culture preserves cell health comparably to bulk methods. The platform supports both single‐cell and few‐cell encapsulation modes, and increasing droplet volume and cell loading density further enhances embryogenesis rates and total embryo yield, respectively. Together, these advances establish a scalable, modular droplet microfluidic platform for high‐throughput embryogenesis analysis and embryo production, offering new opportunities in plant developmental biology, precision breeding, and doubled‐haploid technology.