Pulsatory movements appear in a variety of fascinating applications involving periodic flow propagation and control. Pulsing encourages mixing and, as a result, mass and heat exchange with the boundaries. Pulsing also helps to decrease surface fouling by allowing solid particles to migrate. An exact solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for the transport of an incompressible viscous fluid in a channel with arbitrary pressure distribution is described in this study. The flow is defined by two primary parameters: the pulsation parameter, which is determined by the periodic pressure gradient, and the kinetic Reynolds number, which is determined by the pulsation frequency. The purpose of employing hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is to increase the base fluid’s thermal conductivity. We regard Ag and Au as nanoparticles (NPs) and blood as a base fluid for this phenomenon. Broadening this reveals that the consideration of nanoparticles has impressively extended the warm movement at the parcels of both turbulent and laminar frameworks. Attention is paid to the slope of speed, temperature, and voltage. The geometric model is therefore described using a symmetry technique. We developed the governing equation for this problem’s analytical solutions. The velocity and temperature fields solution is given in the form of the Bessel and modified Bessel functions. Graph results show the mathematical benefits of the current limits: for instance, Hartmann number $M$, solid volume part of nanoparticles $\varphi$, Reynolds number $R{e}_{\beta }$, Prandtl number $Pr$, intermittent slob limit, etc. The strain angles introduced in the stress contrast, frictional force, velocity profile, and temperature profile were obtained, and the characteristics of the vortex were investigated. Resources at various boundaries of the perceptual flow are examined. As with the final essence, the smoothest results are analyzed and recorded. It has also been discovered that the velocity may be regulated by the external magnetic field, which affects the temperature profiles and hence the heat transfer, which can be enhanced or lowered by mastering the magnetic field.

In order to understand the characteristics of bio-convection and moving microorganisms in flows of magnetized Walters-B nano-liquid, we developed a model employing Riga plate with stretchy sheet. The Buongiorno phenomenon is likewise employed to describe nano-liquid motion in the Walters-B fluid. Expending correspondence transformations, the partial differential equation (PDE) control system has been transformed into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) control system. The COMSOL program is used to generate mathematical answers for non-linear equations by employing the Galerkin finite element strategy (G-FEM). Utilizing logical and graphical metrics, temperature, velocity, and microbe analysis are all studied. Various estimates of well-known physical features are taken into account while calculating nanoparticle concentrations. It is demonstrated that this model's computations directly relate the temperature field to the current Biot number and parameter of the Walters-B fluid. The temperature field is increased to increase the approximations of the current Biot number and parameter of the Walters-B fluid.

Contamination of edible oils with aflatoxins (AFs) is a universal issue due to the detrimental effects of aflatoxins on human health and the fact that edible oils are a major source of fungal growth, particularly storage fungi (Aspergillus sp.). The objective of this study was to assess aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in edible oil used in fried food in order to determine the risk of cancer from AFB₁ exposure through cooked food using the FAO/WHO’s and EFSA’s margin of exposure (MOE) quantitative liver cancer risk approaches. Using Mycosep 226 columns and HPLC-FLD, 100 samples of cooking oils (soybean, canola, and sunflower oil) from different food points were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxins. Of all the samples tested, 89% were positive for total aflatoxins and AFB₁, with 65% indicating AF concentrations beyond permitted levels. Canola oil was found to contain higher levels of AFB₁ and AFs than soybean and sunflower oil. Almost 71 percent of canola oil samples (range of 54.4–281.1 µg/kg) were contaminated with AF levels higher than the proposed limits of the European Union (20 µg/kg). The consumption of canola oil samples used in fried foods had MOE values that were significantly lower as compared to sunflower and soybean oils, indicating that risk reduction is feasible. Additionally, compared to soybean and sunflower oil, canola oil exhibited a greater threat of liver cancer cases linked to AFB₁ exposure (17.13 per 100,000 males over 35 and 10.93 per 100,000 females over 35). Using a quantitative liver cancer approach, health risk valuation demonstrated that males and females over the age of 35 are at significant risk of developing liver cancer. The health risk assessment exposed that the males and female over the age of 35 are at considerable risk of liver cancer by using a quantitative liver cancer approach. The innovation of this study lies in the fact that no such study is reported related to liver cancer risk evaluation accompanied with AFB₁ exposure from consumed edible oil. As a result, a national strategy must be developed to solve this problem so that edible oil products are subjected to severe regulatory examination.

Microalgae have been proposed as a promising source for biodiesel production. Focusing on algal strains for biodiesel production, efforts should be made to search new strains. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of growth parameters (nutrients, pH, light, aeration and temperature) and the oil percentage of eight algal strains (Chlorella sp., Cladophora sp., Hydrodictylium sp., Oedogonium sp., Oscillatoria sp., Spirogyra sp., Stigeocolonium sp., Ulothrix sp.). Results show that 6.5-7.5 is the optimum pH for the growth of all algal species. Temperature showed a greater variation (25°40°C). Ulothrix sp. gave more biomass productivity and is the most suitable strain for biodiesel production due to higher oil percentage (62%). Least biomass production was observed for Stigeocolonium sp. and least oil content was obtained from Hydrodictylium sp. It was observed that among these eight algal strains for biodiesel production, Ulothrix and Chlorella are the most promising algae species.