In recent decades, accelerated urban growth in Arequipa has led to the loss of more than 40% of riparian vegetation and increased ecological fragmentation in the Chili River valley. This transformation has degraded water quality and limited equitable access to green and public spaces. Therefore, this research aims to design a Green Corridor along the Chili River as an ecosystem-based strategy to enhance social connectivity and ecological resilience in Arequipa, Peru. The methodology combined an extensive literature review, a comparative analysis of international case studies, and a territorial diagnosis supported by geospatial and climatic data. The process is supported by digital tools such as Google Earth Pro 2025, AutoCAD 2024, SketchUp Pro 2023, and solar simulations with Ladybug-Grasshopper, complemented by data from SENAMHI, SINIA, and the Solar Atlas of Peru. The results propose a resilient green corridor integrating passive and active sustainability strategies, including 40 photovoltaic panels, 44 solar luminaires, biodigesters producing between 90 and 150 kWh per month, and phytotechnologies capable of absorbing 75,225 kg of CO₂ annually, based on WHO conversion factors adapted to high-altitude conditions. The proposal employs eco-efficient materials such as reforested eucalyptus wood and volcanic sillar, creating recreational and productive spaces that promote social cohesion and circular economy. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of ecosystem-based design to regenerate arid urban riverbanks, harmonizing environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and cultural identity. Thus, the Chili River corridor is consolidated as a replicable model of green-blue infrastructure for Andean cities, aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, and 15.

Evaluating physical slope stability is essential to prevent landslides and damage to infrastructure located on sloping terrains. This study analyzes how static and pseudo-static conditions affect slope safety, considering the magnitude and location of the loads exerted. A total of 2394 simulations were carried out on 399 terrain profiles, using the Spencer method to calculate factors of safety (FSs). The results reveal that uniformly distributed loads placed at the center of the slope increase stability under static conditions. However, in pseudo-static scenarios, the action of dynamic forces, such as seismicity, drastically reduces the FS, especially on slopes greater than 15%. This analysis allowed the identification of critical zones of high susceptibility, promoting the implementation of reinforcement techniques, such as retaining walls and drainage systems. In addition, zoning maps were developed that prioritize safe areas for urban development, aligned with the international standards. The findings underscore the importance of integrating predictive models into design and planning processes, considering both static and dynamic factors. In conclusion, this study provides practical tools for risk mitigation and resilient infrastructure design in sloping terrains.

The ancestral water channels are affected by a lack of awareness regarding their preservation, the deterioration of their structure, and the pollution of nearby water bodies due to waste discharge. Additionally, the growth of vegetation, sediment accumulation, and the presence of crab burrows have caused blockages and erosion of the stone, compromising their stability. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the water efficiency in the construction of water channels and the ancestral constructive sustainability of Cumbemayo, Peru. The methodology is based on an on-site study, taking into account the terrain, climate, and water flow from a spatial, functional, and constructive perspective, supported by digital tools such as Google Earth Pro 2024, AutoCAD 2024, SketchUp 2024, 3D Sun Path 2024, and D5 Render 2024. Regarding the findings, it was evidenced that the channel contains carvings in the rock that reflect their reverence for nature. It also maintains a constant slope of 1.5 mm per linear meter along its 18.9 km length. Its design, which combines straight and zigzag sections, optimizes water flow and may be linked to astronomical and ceremonial knowledge. Its dimensions range between 0.35 and 0.50 m in width and between 0.10 and 0.30 m in depth, with a precise leveling system that allows for flow control. Its stone construction demonstrates the technical mastery of its creators, ensuring strength and long-term durability. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of the canal and the challenges it faces in terms of conservation. Erosion, vegetation, and sediment accumulation threaten its stability, making it essential to implement protective measures that ensure its long-term preservation.

Limited accessibility, mountainous geography, and seismic conditions have posed challenges to both the preservation and the transmission of knowledge inherited from the Incas. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the ancestral Inca construction systems and their relationship with the Inca worldview through an architectural and structural study of the archaeological site of Choquequirao, located in Cusco, Peru. The research integrates geographic, climatic, spatial, functional, and constructive dimensions, applying digital 3D modeling tools (AutoCAD 2025, SketchUp 2024, and Sun-Path 2024) to assess the orientation, stability, and symbolic configuration of the main sectors. The results of the functional and constructive analysis reveal that Choquequirao incorporates adaptive principles in response to seismic and microclimatic conditions, as well as constructive typologies planned from an integral architectural perspective. These elements allow a clearer understanding of the spatial organization of the site and its cultural significance. Moreover, the study covers ten sectors distributed across 1800 hectares. The upper sector (4 ha) stands out for its architecture and political–ceremonial function; the lower sector (4 ha) includes ritual, administrative, residential, and storage areas for camelids; the southern sector (5 ha) contains the ushnu and priestly enclosures on terraces; and the eastern (7 ha) and western (2 ha) slopes integrate agricultural and residential uses. The study of Choquequirao highlights its complex organization and addresses contemporary challenges in terms of conservation and development. These findings provide essential insights for future restoration and conservation strategies that respect traditional construction systems and their environmental adaptation.

The objective of this research is to conduct a spatial analysis of the functional Andean worldview of the Ankasmarka Archaeological Site, located in Calca, Peru. The preservation of cultural heritage in Latin America faces significant challenges that threaten the integrity of key sites such as Ankasmarka. Despite its historical relevance, this site lacks available open access information and data, collected in accessible reports, which hinders the attraction of attention and funding necessary for its conservation. Furthermore, urbanization and uncontrolled tourism negatively impact both cultural traditions and the connection of local communities with their past. The methodology employed is based on a systematic review of primary information, supplemented by excavation reports and official sources. Specialized software such as AutoCAD Architecture and Revit were used to carry out the topographic and architectural survey of the site, enabling the precise and rigorous interpretation of the data. This article focuses on the spatial and functional description of the site, with the aim of paving the way for future research in specific areas such as formal and structural analysis, as well as social and political dynamics. The results reveal a complex organizational structure at Ankasmarka, with enclosures designated for various functions, particularly storage and agricultural activities. The site is divided into three sectors: Sector A, which includes housing, storage areas, and tombs; and Sector B and C, with the highest concentration of housing and agricultural zones with storage areas, respectively. The findings underscore the interrelationship between agriculture, funerary practices, and architecture, highlighting the importance of Ankasmarka in the lives of its ancient inhabitants and the need for continued future research.