Increasing concern about the use of animal models has stimulated the development of in vitro cell culture models for analysis of the biological effects of snake venoms. However, the complexity of animal venoms and the extreme synergy of the venom components during envenomation calls for critical review and analysis. The epithelium is a primary target for injected viper venom’s toxic substances, and therefore, is a focus in modern toxinology. We used the Vero epithelial cell line as a model to compare the actions of a crude Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Levantine viper) venom with the actions of the same venom with two key enzymatic components inhibited (specifically, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and metalloproteinases) in the bioenergetic cellular response, i.e., oxygen uptake and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition to the rate of free-radical oxidation and lipid peroxidation, we measured real-time mitochondrial respiration (based on the oxygen consumption rate) and glycolysis (based on the extracellular acidification rate) using a Seahorse analyzer. Our data show that viper venom drives an increase in both glycolysis and respiration in Vero cells, while the blockage of PLA2 or/and metalloproteinases affects only the rates of the oxidative phosphorylation. PLA2-blocking in venom also increases cytotoxic activity and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. These data show that certain components of the venom may have a different effect within the venom cocktail other than the purified enzymes due to the synergy of the venom components.
Here we describe the processing and development of animal-derived monovalent antibody serum against Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venom by purification and concentration of the immunoglobulins using caprylic acid. We demonstrate that this new viper venom antiserum is pre-clinically effective in neutralizing lethal toxicity and hemorrhagicity of the venom of the Armenian Levantine viper – a significant public health problem in Armenia and a wide region from south-east parts of Europe to south-west Asia. The developed product shows a high capacity to inhibit metalloproteinases and phospholipase activity of venom included in the study in comparison to current specific antivenoms, and following additional experimental approvals, it will be possible to derive the monovalent antivenom satisfying international standards, which will be much cheaper and accessible compared with the current market rivals.
1 July 2016 in Proceedings of the YSU B: Chemical and Biological Sciences
Viper venom as a hemolytic biochemical “cocktail” of toxins, primarily cause to the systemic alteration of blood cells. In the sixties and seventies, human erythrocytes were extensively studied, but the mechanical and chemical stresses commonly exerted on red blood cells continue to attract interest of scientists for the study of membrane structure and function. Here we monitor the effect of Vipera latifi venom on human erythrocytes ghost membranes using phase contrast microscopy and changes in ATPase activity under snake venom influence in vitro. The ion pumps (Na+, K+)-ATPase and (Ca2+, Mg2+)-ATPase plays a pivotal role in the active transport of certain cations and maintenance of intracellular electrolyte homeostasis. We also describe the action of Vipera latifi venom on the freeradical processes in the membrane of erythrocyte ghosts and changes of activity of superoxide dismutase in course of envenomation.
The present dataset combines transcriptomic and microscopic analyses to investigate the responses of winter oilseed rape (WOSR, Brassica napus L., cultivar Aviso) to soil drought, with a focus on differences between young and early-senescent old leaves. For microscopy, 36 scans of 1 to 5 leaf cross-sections were acquired from paraffin-embedded leaf disc samples using a scanner with a 40x lens (Pannoramic Confocal, 3DHistech), capturing a large field of view (8-mm-long observed leaf tissue). The raw scanned cross-sections and analyzed images are available under doi.org/10.57745/RK5PM3 in the Recherche Data Gouvrepository. These high-quality scans enable the differentiation of mesophyll cells and tissues. Software analysis yielded a dataset with 54 selected cross-sectional areas, 291 delimited surfaces of palisade, spongy, and vessel tissues, and 11,136 individually delimited cells from the palisade and spongy layers. For transcriptomics, an Illumina Novaseq sequencer was used to generate 390 Gb of mRNA paired-end reads. The raw reads were filtered, mapped, and assigned to genes from the Brassica napus reference genome Darmor-bzh v10, which were subsequently used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to perform gene ontology enrichment analysis. The raw reads are accessible under accession PRJNA939927 at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA). This high-quality dataset provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying oilseed rapeʼs response to soil drought and may aid in the development of drought-tolerant cultivars. A total of 17,975 DEGs were identified between well-watered and severe drought conditions across the contrasted leaf developmental stages.
7 June 2022 in Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi I Klinicheskoi Meditsiny
Արյան խմբերի հակածինները պոլիմորֆ հատկանիշներ են, որոնք ժառանգում են անհատները կամ պոպուլյացիաները: Արյան խմբերը հաճախակի թիրախ են համաճարակաբանական հետազոտություններում, քանի որ գենետիկորեն որոշված հատկանիշներ են` հայտնի պոլիմորֆ էքսպրեսիայով: Դրանք տոքսինների, մակաբույծների և մանրէների ընկալիչներ են և կարող են նպաստել գաղութացմանը կամ ներխուժմանը, նաև խոչընդոտել օրգանիզմի ինքնամաքրումը: ABO-հակամարմինները կարելի է համարել բնածին իմունային համակարգի մաս որոշ բակտերիալ պաթոգենների, տոքսինների և ABO-հակածիններ կրող վիրուսների դեմ պայքարում: Հակաթույներով և պատվաստանյութերով բուժման առկա մեթոդական ցուցումները բավարար օպտիմալացված չեն՝ մասամբ արյան տարբեր խմբեր ունեցող հիվանդների՝ տոքսիկոկինետիկայի թերի իմացության պատճառով: Մեր արդյունքները վկայում են, որ թե՛ թունավորման ծանրությունը, թե՛ հակաթույնի արդյունավետությունը կարող են պայմանավորված լինել նաև հիվանդի արյան խմբով: Հետազոտության նպատակն է ուսումնասիրել տարատեսակ օձերի թույնի ազդեցությունը ABO-խմբերի...