Introduction: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are among the most frequent injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Although postoperative infection is uncommon, it represents a clinically relevant complication that may affect outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the incidence, subtypes, and treatment of infections following surgical management of DRFs. Materials and methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Library was performed from inception to June 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. English-language longitudinal studies (prospective or retrospective) reporting infection after DRF surgery were included. Case reports, meta-analyses, animal studies, and articles without relevant outcomes were excluded. Extracted data included infection incidence, classification, microbiological findings, and reported management. Results: Fifty-five studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 6499 patients and 6451 procedures. A total of 341 infections were reported (5.3%). Superficial surgical site infections accounted for 22.6% of cases, deep infections for 12.0%, and pin-tract infections for 61.0%. Infection rates differed by fixation method: approximately 2.0% for open reduction and internal fixation, 12.0% for Kirschner-wire fixation, and 13.9% for external fixation. Microbiological confirmation was reported only in a minority of studies; when available, Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism. Management strategies ranged from oral antibiotics and local wound care for superficial infections to intravenous antibiotics with debridement and hardware removal for severe cases. Conclusions: Infections following DRF surgery are relatively rare but vary across fixation techniques, with pin-tract infections predominating in percutaneous and external constructs. The heterogeneity of infection definitions and the scarcity of microbiological reporting limit comparability between studies. Standardized SSI/FRI classification and more consistent documentation are needed to improve evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies.

Background: Osteoarthritisof the first trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint (rhizarthrosis) is a degenerative condition causing pain, reduced mobility, and functional limitations, particularly in older adults and postmenopausal women. Though conservative treatments offer symptomatic relief, advanced cases often require trapeziectomy or total joint replacement. The choice of prosthesis is tailored to patient-specific factors such as age, functional demands, and comorbidities. Despite the benefits of TMC joint replacements, prosthetic infections remain underexplored. Materials and Methods: This systematic review (covering 2000–2024) adhered to PRISMA guidelines, searching Medline, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials and case series. Data on demographics, prosthesis types, infection rates, and management strategies were extracted and analyzed. Results: Among 4165 TMC joint procedures reported in 63 studies, 15 cases (0.36%) involved superficial or deep infections, with Staphylococcus aureus identified in two instances. Management ranged from antibiotic therapy and debridement to prosthesis removal with or without reimplantation. Conclusions: Variability in diagnostic criteria and reporting limited uniform conclusions. Although infections are infrequent, they pose significant management challenges due to inconsistent diagnostic criteria and treatments. Early identification and tailored interventions remain critical. This review underscores the need for standardized protocols and highlights gaps in current research. Future studies should focus on multicenter trials and robust methodologies to improve outcomes and advance infection management in TMC prosthesis surgery.

Introduction: Tibial bone transport using external fixation is widely employed for the reconstruction of large and complex tibial bone defects; however, indications and surgical strategies remain highly heterogeneous. Tibial bone transport using external fixation is a demanding but reliable reconstructive technique, characterized by low failure rates and generally favorable outcomes despite frequent complications. Adequate soft-tissue management, selective docking-site grafting, and early functional rehabilitation were commonly reported. Further prospective studies are needed to standardize treatment strategies and improve clinical decision-making. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in April 2025, searching PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Extracted data included patient demographics, comorbidities, indications, defect length, surgical technique, frame type, external fixation time, healing index, complications, failures, and ASAMI bone and functional outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the MINORS score and results were synthesized descriptively. Results: A total of 3543 patients from 89 studies were included. Post-traumatic infection or osteomyelitis accounted for 58.5% of indications. The mean defect length was 7.04 cm. Bifocal bone transport was performed in 82.4% of cases, and circular external fixation was used in 79.0%. Early weight-bearing was allowed in approximately 95% of patients. The mean external fixation time was 11.0 months, with a healing index of 54.2 days/cm. The overall failure rate was 25/2748 (0.9%). Most studies were Level III–IV and were of fair-to-good methodological quality. Conclusion: Tibial bone transport using external fixation is a demanding but reliable reconstructive technique, characterized by low failure rates andgenerally favorable outcomes despite frequent complications. Adequate soft-tissue management, selective docking-site grafting, and early functional rehabilitation were commonlyreported. Further prospective studies are needed to standardize treatment strategies and improve clinical decision-making. Level of Evidence: III-IV