Background: Due to the progress in neonatology, in particular, in the past three decades, the mortality rate among patients of intensive care units has decreased. However, this is connected not only with newborns needing to stay longer in the unit, but also with the exposure of newborns to many painful procedures and stresses. Lack of or insufficient pain prevention has a negative impact on the sensory or locomotor development of newborns. Despite the presence of guidelines based on scientific evidence, the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain-management methods in newborns is still insufficient. Aim: The aim of the study was to: identify the knowledge nurses/midwives have of recommended non-pharmacological and/or pharmacological methods, in particular, in relation to medical intervention procedures; assess the interventions for pain relief applied by midwives/nurses most often in their clinical practice; examine the role of age, general work experience, education level and years of work of medical professionals on a neonatal ward, as well as the referral level of a unit, versus the application of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Methods: A descriptive and quantitative study conducted in 2019 among Polish nurses/midwives working at neonatal intensive care units. Results: The analysis of the material reflected the deficit of knowledge and the insufficient daily use of recommended pain-relief measures among the respondents. Conclusions: The interpretation of data indicates that despite the clear and easily available recommendations of scientific societies concerning the mode of conduct in particular medical procedures, medical personnel do not apply those recommendations in their everyday practice. It is necessary to plan and implement education strategies for nurses/midwives on standard pain-management interventions during painful medical procedures.

Background/Objectives: Pediatric pain management remains a significant clinical challenge, with contemporary biopsychosocial models increasingly emphasizing humanized care and non-pharmacological strategies. This study aimed to culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the HUPEDCARE-Q (Humanisation of Pediatric Care in Pain Management with a Non-Pharmacological Approach) questionnaire among healthcare professionals and students. An additional objective was to explore differences in knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices across different age groups and stages of professional development. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. The cross-cultural adaptation process included independent forward translations, reconciliation, back-translation, and an expert panel review. Data were collected using online surveys. Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while internal consistency reliability was assessed using McDonald’s omega coefficient and the Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20). Group differences were analyzed utilizing the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Because the original factor structure exhibited a suboptimal fit to the data, a revised and reduced Polish version was proposed, which demonstrated significantly improved fit indices (CFI = 0.91 for the attitudes and knowledge domains; CFI = 0.99 for the pain management domain). Exploratory bivariate analyses showed higher knowledge and attitudes scores among older participants and working professionals, whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in self-reported pediatric pain management practices. Conclusions: The revised Polish short-form adaptation of the HUPEDCARE-Q showed improved model fit and domain-specific psychometric performance, with strong internal consistency for the pediatric pain management domain, acceptable reliability for the knowledge domain, and moderate reliability for the attitudes domain. Therefore, the instrument should be interpreted as a preliminary screening and assessment tool rather than as a fully established measure with uniformly strong reliability across all domains. The observed discrepancy between higher knowledge and attitude scores and the absence of significant differences in self-reported practices may suggest that knowledge and attitudes alone are not sufficient to explain differences in self-reported pediatric pain management practices.