I graduated at the KUL (Belgium) dental school in 1989 and started a scholarschip at the university of Ghent where I became a paediatric dentist in 1992. As a dentist, with my own practice in Ramsel and researcher at the UGhent I worked on tooth vitality screening since 1991 with a pHd (UGhent) on"The use of Laser Doppler Flowmetry in the diagnosis of pulp vitality in traumatized permanent teeth" in 2019. Tooth vitality remained since than my key experience with several articles in enhancing the LDF technique. In 2024 I helped with an article on implants.