The coordinated implementation of demand response technology and dynamic energy prices facilitates the interaction among multiple stakeholders in the smart integrated energy system. To achieve the optimal operation between different entities in the system, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model for smart integrated energy system considering demand responses and dynamic prices that reflects the preferences of multiple stakeholders. Based on the tightly coupled characteristics of a multi-energy system, a flexible two-dimensional demand response model with spatio-temporal coupling characteristics is established. By analyzing the characteristics of multi-entities joint pricing, the dynamic energy price formulated with the participation of both supplier and demander is optimized, and the dynamic price control strategy of different stakeholders under different benefit weights is obtained. A case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. According to the interest preferences of different entities, different strategies and operating mechanisms can be derived, which is conducive to improving the economy and reliability of the operation of the smart integrated energy system and promoting the interaction between multiple entities.

In China, environmental pollution due to municipal solid waste (MSW) over-generation is one of the country’s priority concerns. The increasing volume and complexity of the waste poses serious risks to the environment and public health. Currently, the annual growth of MSW generation is estimated to be approximately 8–10% and will increase to 323 million metric tons (Mt) by 2030. Based on the secondary data collected from a literature survey, this article critically evaluates the recent progress of MSW management (MSWM) in China and offers new insights into the waste sector in the era of Industry 4.0. This helps decision makers in China to plan a smooth transition nationwide to a circular economy (CE) in the waste sector. It is evident that digitalization is a driving force for China to move towards low-carbon development strategies within the framework of CE. Through digitalization, the waste sector has promoted prevention, reduction, reuse, and recycling (3Rs) of waste before waste disposal in landfills. A proper implementation of digitalization-based waste recycling has contributed to an efficient cooperation between the government and private sector, increased job opportunities, and promoted the conservation of resources. It is anticipated that this work not only contributes to the establishment of an integrated MSWM system in China, but also improves local MSWM through digitalization in the framework of a CE.